Migration as a Threat to International Security

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (32) ◽  
pp. 64-79
Author(s):  
Izabela Szkurłat
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Security ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Trafficking In Human Beings ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
European Immigration

The article presents migration as a threat to international security in the 21st century. The first part presents the problem of people migrating to Europe, including third-country nationals. It is shown that uncontrolled mass migration has forced European countries to provide budget, shelter and counselling for migrants. Furthermore, there were many cases when migration met with disapproval of indigenous people and fear of the impossibility of integrating different cultures and customs. European Union has introduced financial tools to support member countries in financing migration-related problems including the Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund; and the Internal Security Fund. The article also mentions the European immigration policy adopted in 1999. The second part of the article refers to negative effects of migration: trafficking in human beings and forced labour. It is shown that they are widely practiced. To eliminate illegal activities, actions, which the author describes, are being taken within Europe. Polish people have also experienced trafficking in human beings and forced labour abroad. Such crimes have been reported within Poland as well. Finally the author states that the security of the European Union is threatened not only by external migrants, but also by citizens who migrate internally.

scholarly journals Trafficking in Human Beings in the European Union

SAGE Open ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824401455358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Trafficking In Human Beings

Trafficking in Human Beings for the Purpose of Labour Exploitation

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Planitzer
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Labour Exploitation ◽  
Modern Slavery ◽  
Trafficking In Human Beings

This article gives an overview of current legal initiatives for enhanced transparency regulations for corporations and the actions they take against trafficking in human beings (THB). The California Transparency in Supply Chains Act (CTSCA) has an influence on legal initiatives in Europe, in particular in the United Kingdom. The UK's Modern Slavery Act includes the obligation for corporations to report on actions taken against THB and slavery. In addition, at the European Union level, measures to enhance obligatory reporting on non-fnancial matters, such as human rights matters, are to be implemented in national legislation in the next years. This article compares the California Transparency in Supply Chains Act with the UK's Modern Slavery Act. In order to decrease exploitation along the supply chain, the article concludes that legislation should not only require obligatory reporting but also oblige corporations to implement measures to prevent THB related to their activities.

scholarly journals Migrations and Their Effect on Human Trafficking – Security Challenges for the European Union

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Milan Počuča ◽  
Jelena Matijašević
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
International Security ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Illegal Activities

For centuries, migrations have been features of social communities, and it is quite certain they will remain so in the future. However, what marks certain periods or circumstances are the causes of migrations, their manifestations, extent, dynamics, the general directions of migrant movement, and the corresponding effects on the safety of individuals, regions, and even international security. In this paper we have defi ned what migrations are and discussed their effect on human trafficking – one of the most dangerous forms of organised crime – and the security challenges in this domain in the European Union area, also with regard to international security. In terms of the variety of its exploitative objectives, human trafficking is an international, organised, criminal phenomenon with severe consequences on the security, well-being, and human rights of its victims. In the opinion of many, sexual exploitation is one of the most widespread forms of exploitation of human traffi cking victims in practice. According to data available to Europol, 10,000 migrant children have so far disappeared after their arrival on European soil. The scope and dynamics of migratory movements of the last few years, and their relation to numerous illegal activities, certainly affect the security of individuals and regions, as well as international security. It is important to consider whether the European Union, in attempting to protect the national security of EU states by numerous restrictive measures, has achieved that in reality, or has actually produced the opposite effect in this area.

Directive 2011/36/EU on Combating Trafficking in Human Beings

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisavet Symeonidou-Kastanidou
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Effective Application ◽  
Trafficking In Human Beings ◽  
Victim Protection ◽  
Made In

Directive 2011/36/EU constituted a very important step towards a “holistic” tackling of human trafficking in the European Union, incorporating provisions not only for the criminalisation and prosecution of trafficking, but also for victim protection and crime prevention. Nonetheless, many problems still exist with regard to the content or the implementation of these provisions, which seem to prevent or limit their effective application. Therefore, after presenting the main changes that Directive 2011/36/EU introduced in the institutional framework to address human trafficking, an effort is made in this study both to identify these problems and to present specific proposals for their confrontation in view of the Commission's plans to develop a new post-2016 anti-trafficking Strategy.

scholarly journals Societal and Economic Elements of Trafficking in Human Beings into the European Union

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 831-852
Author(s):  
Alfred Wong ◽  
Roxanne Gomes
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Trafficking In Persons ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
The Past ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
Trafficking In Human Beings ◽  
The Eu

The European Union (EU) is an early signatory of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. During the past decade, the EU has been undertaking various measures to conform to the "Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons". The mitigating strategy has been largely based on the enforcement of existing and new laws, inside as well as outside of the EU. To date, the results have been largely ineffective. Addressing the societal and economic elements of home and host countries could be a more enduring means to alleviate the problem of trafficking in human beings.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT FRENCH FOREIGN POLICY ACTIVITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Nargiza Sodikova ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Modern Time ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Interests ◽  
French Foreign Policy

Important aspects of French foreign policy and national interests in the modern time,France's position in international security and the specifics of foreign affairs with the United States and the European Union are revealed in this article

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