Propan-2-ol. Determining in workplace air with gas chromatography

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1(103)) ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
Anna Jeżewska ◽  
Agnieszka Woźnica
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Carbon Disulphide ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Air Sample ◽  
Colourless Liquid ◽  
Characteristic Odour

Propan-2-ol is an easily volatile, colourless liquid with a pungent characteristic odour. In industry it is used as a solvent and a dewatering, cleaning and disinfecting agent. Propan-2-ol has an irritating and narcotic effect. It may cause drowsiness or dizziness. The aim of the study was to amend the PN-Z-04224-02:1992 standard in accordance with the requirements of European standard PN-EN 482. The method was developed in the range of concentrations from 1/10 to 2 of the MAC value. The tests were performed using a gas chromatograph (GC) with a flame ionization detector (FID) equipped with a capillary column HP-INNOWAX (60 m × 0.25 × mm, 0.15 µm). The method is based on adsorption of propan-2-ol vapours on activated carbon, desorption with a mixture of carbon disulphide and N,N-dimethylformamide and chromatographic analysis of the obtained solution. Using an HP-INNOWAX column for the analysis makes it possible to selectively determine propan-2-ol in the presence of carbon disulphide, N,N-dimethylformamide. The measurement range is 90/1 800 mg/m3 for a 9-L air sample. The detection limit of this method is 0.09 µg/ml and the limit of quantification is 0.28 µg/ml. The method is characterized by good precision and accuracy and meets the criteria listed in EN 482 for procedures for measuring chemical agents. The method may be used for assessing occupational exposure to propan-2-ol and the associated risk to workers’ health. The developed method of determining propan-2-ol has been recorded as an analytical procedure (see Appendix). This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering.

2-Ethylhexan-1-ol Determination in working air

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2(92)) ◽  
pp. 149-160
Author(s):  
ANNA JEŻEWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Aldol Condensation ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Colorless Liquid ◽  
Selective Determination ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
Air Sample

2-Ethylhexan-1-ol (2-EH) is a colorless liquid that is poorly soluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents. On an industrial scale, 2-Ethylhexanol is produced in the aldol condensation of n-butyraldehyde. It is mainly used as an alcohol component in manufacturing ester plasticizers for soft poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The aim of this study was to develop a method for determining concentrations of 2-ethylhexan-1-ol in workplace air in the range from 0.54 to 10.8 mg/m3, in accordance with the requirements of Standard No. EN 482. The study was performed using a gas chromatograph (GC) with a flame ionization detector (FID) equipped with a capillary column Stabilwax (60 m × 0.32 mm, 0.5 μm). The method is based on the adsorption of 2-ethylhexan-1-ol vapours on activated charcoal, desorption with dichloromethane and GC-FID analysis. The use of Stabilwax column enabled selective determination of 2-ethylhexan-1-ol in the presence of other substances. The measurement range was from 0.013 to 0.26 mg/ml for a 24-L air sample. The limit of detection was 8.05 ng/ml and the limit of quantification was 24.14 ng/ml. This method is precise, accurate and it meets the criteria for procedures for measuring chemical agents listed in Standard No. EN 482. The method can be used for assessing occupational exposure to 2-ethylhexan-1-ol and associated risk to workers’ health. The developed method of determining 2-ethylhexan- 1-ol has been recorded as an analytical procedure (see appendix).

Dimethyl phthalate. Determination in workplace air

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2(100)) ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Woźnica
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Dimethyl Phthalate ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Selective Determination ◽  
Workplace Air

Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) is a colourless liquid with a slight aromatic odour. It is used in industry as a plasticizer of plastics, as an ingredient of fragrances in the production of cosmetics and detergents. Occupational exposure to DMP can occur through inhalation, or ingestion. The aim of this study was to validate a method for determining DMP concentration in workplace air in the range from 1/10 to 2 MAC values, in accordance with the requirements of standard PN-EN 482. The study was performed using a gas chromatograph (GC) with a flame ionization detector (FID) equipped with a capillary column HP-INNOWAX (60 m x 0.25 mm, 0.15 µm). This method is based on the sorption of dimethyl phthalate vapours on a glass microfiber filter, desorption with ethanol, and analyzed by GC-FID. The average desorption efficiency of DMP from filter was 98%. Application of HP-INNOWAX column allows selective determination of DMP in the presence of other solvents. The measurement range was 0.5 – 10 mg/m3 for a 120-L air sample. Limit of detection: 0.02 µg/ml and limit of quantification: 0.06 µg/ml. The analytical method described in this paper enables a selective determination of DMP in workplace air in the presence of other solvents at concentrations from 0.5 mg/m3 (1/10 MAC value). The method is characterized by good precision and accuracy and meets the criteria for the performance of procedures for the measurement of chemical agents, listed in EN 482. The method may be used for the assessment of occupational exposure to DMP and the associated risk to workers’ health. The developed method of determining DMP has been recorded as an analytical procedure (see appendix). This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering.

scholarly journals Determination of Triglycidyl Isocyanurate in Workplace Air

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4455
Author(s):  
Anna Jeżewska ◽  
Joanna Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Workplace Air ◽  
Air Sample ◽  
Triglycidyl Isocyanurate

Triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC) is a white solid in powder or granular form. TGIC does not occur naturally in the environment. It is intentionally manufactured and used as a crosslinking agent or hardener to produce polyester powder coatings. TGIC may cause genetic defects. This article presents the method of TGIC determination in workplace air using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a diode-array detector (DAD). The method is based on the collection of TGIC present in the air on a polypropylene filter, extraction with acetonitrile, and chromatographic analysis of the solution obtained in this way. The determination was carried out in the reverse-phase system (mobile phase: acetonitrile: water) using an Ultra C18 column. The measurement range is 2 to 40 µg/m3 for a 720 liters air sample. Limit of detection (LOD) is 23 ng/m3 and limit of quantification (LOQ): 70 ng/m3. The method can be used for assessing occupational exposure to TGIC and associated risk to workers’ health.

Furan. Determination in workplace air with gas chromatography

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-160
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kucharska
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Flammable Liquid ◽  
Carcinogenic Effect ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Vapor Absorption ◽  
Workplace Air ◽  
Air Sample ◽  
Thermal Food Processing

Furan is colorless, highly volatile and flammable liquid with a specific ether odor. In nature it occurs in some species of wood, it is formed during burning process of wood, tobacco, fuels and also in thermal food processing. In industry furan is used as an intermediate in organic synthesis, resins solvent, during production of lacquer, drugs, stabilizers, insecticides and also in production of chemical compounds which have polymeric and coordination structure. Carcinogenic effect on animals was a base of recognition that furan is a substance which is probably also carcinogenic on humans. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a method of determining furan in workplace air. Developed determination method of furan relies on vapor absorption of this substance on coconut shell charcoal. Furan was extracted by 5% butan-1-ol solution in toluene. Obtained solution was analyzed with chromatography. The study was performed with gas chromatograph coupled with mass spectrometer (GC-MS), equipped with non-polar HP-PONA capillary column (length 50 m, diameter 0.2 mm and the film thickness of the stationary phase 0.5 µm). Developed method is linear in the concentration range of 0.05–1.0 µg/ml, which is equivalent to the range of 0.005–0.1 mg/m3 for 10-L air sample. The analytical method described in this paper makes it possible to determine furan in workplace air in the presence of comorbid substances. The method is precise, accurate and it meets the criteria for procedures for determining chemical agents listed in Standard No. PN-EN 482. The developed method of determining furan in workplace air has been recorded as an analytical procedure (see Appendix). This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering.

1,2-Dichloroethane. Determination in workplace air

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2(96)) ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Woźnica
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Flammable Liquid ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Selective Determination ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Workplace Air ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Air Sample

1,2-Dichloroethane is a colorless, highly flammable liquid with a chloroform-like odor. This substance is used in industry as an intermediate in the production of vinyl chloride, but it is also used in the production of other chlorinated hydrocarbons. It is also used as a solvent. 1,2-Dichloroethane is carcinogenic for humans. The aim of this study was to develop a method for determining concentrations of 1,2-dichloroethane in the workplace air in the range from 1/10 to 2 MAC values (0.82–16.4 mg/m3). The study was performed using a gas chromatograph (GC) with a flame ionization detector (FID) equipped with a capillary column HP-1 (50 m x 0.32 mm; 0.3 μm). The method is based on the adsorption of 1,2-dichloroethane on activated charcoal, desorption of analyzed compound with carbon disulfide and analysis of obtained solution with GC-FID. The use of HP-1 column enabled selective determination of 1,2-dichloroethane in a presence of other substances. The average desorption coefficient of 1,2-dichloroethane from charcoal was 0.98. The method is linear (r = 0.9999) within the investigated working range from 9.84 to 196.8 μg/ml, which is equivalent to air concentrations from 0.82 to 16.4 mg/m3 for a 12-L air sample. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were to 2.284 μg/ml and 6.85 μg/ml, respectively. The analytical method described in this paper enables selective determination of 1,2-dichloroethane in workplace air in presence of other substances at concentrations from 0.82 mg/m3 (1/10 MAC value). The method is precise, accurate and it meets the criteria for procedures for measuring chemical agents listed in Standard No. EN 482. The method can be used for assessing occupational exposure to 1,2-dichloroethane and associated risk to workers’ health. The developed method of determining 1,2-dichloroethane has been recorded as an analytical procedure (see appendix).

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Determining in workplace air with gas chromatography – mass spectrometry

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (3(101)) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Marek Zieliński ◽  
Ewa Twardowska ◽  
Wiktor Wesołowski
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Selective Determination

PCDD are environmental pollutants, called Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Their trace amounts can be found in almost all the spectrum of global ecosystems. Nearly 90% of human exposure to dioxins comes from food. POPs compounds, which gather in fatty tissues, are slowly metabolized and remain harmful even after a relatively long time after exposure. Dioxins enter the human body with food and accumulate in fat-rich tissues. Dioxins gradually and slowly accumulate in the body. They trigger a number of immunological reactions, which take the form of chronic skin allergies. They can disturb the body hormone economy through induction of the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor. The aim of the work was to develop and validate a sensitive method of determining 2,3,7,8-TCDD in the working environment in the range of 1/10–2 MAC values. The developed method consists in adsorption of TCDD on polyurethane foam followed by extraction of the retained compound with toluene and chromatographic analysis using a high-resolution mass spectrometry. The determined TCDD desorption coefficient from polyurethane foam with 20% acetone in toluene is 83.1%. The response of the mass detector is linear (r = 0.998) in the concentration range of 18–360 pg/ml, which corresponds to the range of 1.8–36 mg/m3 (1/10–2 MAC) for an air sample of 10 m3. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of this method is 10.26 pg/ml. Using a DB-5MS capillary column makes a selective determination of TCDD in the presence of toluene, nonane and other co-existing compounds possible. The developed method is characterized by good precision and accuracy and meets the requirements of European Standard EN 482 for procedures on determining chemical agents. The developed method of determining TCDD has been recorded as an analytical procedure (see appendix). This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering.

scholarly journals Bicyklo[4.4.0]dekan. Metoda oznaczania w powietrzu na stanowiskach pracy

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-177
Author(s):  
Anna Jeżewska
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Capillary Column ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Colorless Liquid ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Workplace Air ◽  
Eye Damage

Bicyclo[4.4.0]decane (BCD), also known as decalin, is a colorless liquid with the scent of camphor, menthol and naphthalene. This substance can be fatal if swallowed or entered a respiratory tract. It can cause severe skin burns and eye damage, and is toxic if inhaled. The aim of this study was to develop a method for determining BCD in workplace air, which will allow the determination of its concentrations at the level of 5 mg/m3 . The method was based on adsorption of BCD vapors on activated carbon, desorption with acetone solution in carbon disulfide and chromatographic analysis of the obtained solution. The study was performed with a gas chromatograph (GC) with a flame ionization detector (FID) equipped with a DB-VRX capillary column (60 m × 0.25 mm, 1.4 µm). The method was validated in accordance with the requirements of Standard No. EN 482. The method allows the determination BCD in workplace air in the concentration range 5–200 mg/m3 . The method for determining BCD has been recorded in the form of an analytical procedure (see Appendix). This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering.

Docetaxel. Determination in workplace air with high performance liquid chromatography

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2(96)) ◽  
pp. 145-159
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Szewczyńska ◽  
Małgorzata Pośniak
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Gastric Adenoma ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Workplace Air ◽  
Air Sample

Docetaxel (DCT) is a plant derived cytotoxic from taxane family - mitosis inhibitors. It is used in the treatment of breast, lung and prostate cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, and gastric adenoma. Docetaxel is a highly flammable liquid and health-threatening substance classified as mutagenicity category 2 and reproductive toxicity category 1B. This paper presents a method for measuring docetaxel in the workplace air with HPLC with diode array detector (DAD). The method is based on the adsorption of inhalable fraction of docetaxel aerosol on glass fiber filter, desorption with water and chromatographic analysis. The analysis was performed in reverse phase on C18 column and mobile phase – acetonitrile: ammonium acetate solution (45: 55). The measurement range was 0.6 – 10 µg/m3 for 480-L air sample. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.0065 µg/ml and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.0195 µg/ml. The developed method of docetaxel determination has been recorded as an analytical procedure (see appendix).

scholarly journals Arsen i jego związki nieorganiczne. Metoda oznaczania w powietrzu na stanowiskach pracy

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Surgiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Workplace Air ◽  
Hygienic Standard ◽  
Individual Dosimetry ◽  
Air Sample

Arsenic is a chemical element classified as metalloids (semi-metals). Some arsenic compounds have been classified (according to CLP) as carcinogens, causing cancers of skin, respiratory system, liver and leukemia. In the industry, workers are exposed to arsenic and its compounds in its extraction, in metallurgy of non-ferrous metal ores, in metal refining processes, in the production of alloys, semiconductors, pigments and insecticides. In Poland, binding value of the hygienic standard (NDS) at workplace air, for the inhalable fraction of arsenic aerosol and its inorganic compounds, converted into As is 0.01 mg/m3 . A determination method has been developed that enables the determination of this substance in the air of 0.1 − 2 values of the hygiene standard, in accordance with the requirements of Standard PN-EN 482. Arsenic is determined with the atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization (ET-AAS), in the concentration range of 5.00 − 100.0 μg/l which allows the determination of arsenic and its compounds in workplace air in the range of 0.0010 − 0.021 mg/m3 (for 480-L air sample). The presented procedure enables the determination of this substance with the use of individual dosimetry. This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering.

Doxorubicin hydrochloride. Determination in workplace air with high performance liquid chromatography

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2(96)) ◽  
pp. 115-131
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Szewczyńska ◽  
Małgorzata Pośniak
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Doxorubicin Hydrochloride ◽  
Diode Array Detector ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Workplace Air ◽  
Air Sample

This article presents a method for measuring doxorubicin hydrochloride in workplace air with HPLC with diode array detector (DAD). The method is based on adsorption inhalable fraction of doxorubicin hydrochloride aerosol on glass fiber filter, desperation with water, and chromatographic analysis. The analysis was performed in reverse phase (mobile phase – 0.05 mol/L hydrophosphate disodum and acetonitrile (65:35) with pH – 3 with 0.5 mL/L triethylamine) on C18 column. The measurement range was 0.06 – 1 μg/m3 for 4800-L air sample. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0,0005 μg/ml and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0,0015 μg /ml. The developed method of doxorubicin hydrochloride determination has been recorded as an analytical procedure (see appendix).

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