scholarly journals Arsen i jego związki nieorganiczne. Metoda oznaczania w powietrzu na stanowiskach pracy

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Surgiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Workplace Air ◽  
Hygienic Standard ◽  
Individual Dosimetry ◽  
Air Sample

Arsenic is a chemical element classified as metalloids (semi-metals). Some arsenic compounds have been classified (according to CLP) as carcinogens, causing cancers of skin, respiratory system, liver and leukemia. In the industry, workers are exposed to arsenic and its compounds in its extraction, in metallurgy of non-ferrous metal ores, in metal refining processes, in the production of alloys, semiconductors, pigments and insecticides. In Poland, binding value of the hygienic standard (NDS) at workplace air, for the inhalable fraction of arsenic aerosol and its inorganic compounds, converted into As is 0.01 mg/m3 . A determination method has been developed that enables the determination of this substance in the air of 0.1 − 2 values of the hygiene standard, in accordance with the requirements of Standard PN-EN 482. Arsenic is determined with the atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization (ET-AAS), in the concentration range of 5.00 − 100.0 μg/l which allows the determination of arsenic and its compounds in workplace air in the range of 0.0010 − 0.021 mg/m3 (for 480-L air sample). The presented procedure enables the determination of this substance with the use of individual dosimetry. This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering.

Hexachlorobenzene. Determination in workplace air

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1(99)) ◽  
pp. 29-44
Author(s):  
Joanna Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Capillary Column ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Electron Capture Detection ◽  
Selective Determination ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Workplace Air ◽  
Air Sample

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a method for determining of inhalable fraction of hexachlorobenzene in workplace air. The determination method is based on the adsorption of hexachlorobenzene on a polypropylene filter, extraction with hexane and an analysis of the resulting solution with gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD). A capillary column with HP-5 (30 m × 0.32 mm, i.d. × 0.25 μm film thickness) was used. The method is linear within the working range from 0.018 μg/ml to 0.375 μg/ml, which is equivalent to air concentrations from 0.0003 to 0.006 mg/m3 for a 120-L air sample. The analytical method described in this paper enables selective determination of analytes in workplace air in the presence of coexisting substances. The method is precise, accurate and it meets the criteria for procedures for measuring chemical agents listed in Standard No. EN 482. This method can be used for assessing occupational exposure to hexachlorobenzene and the associated risk to workers’ health. The developed method of determining hexachlorobenzene has been recorded as an analytical procedure (see appendix). This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering.

scholarly journals Nikiel i jego związki. Metoda oznaczania w powietrzu na stanowiskach pracy

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Wasilewski
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Nickel Content ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
A Value ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Determination Of Nickel

Nickel due to its physicochemical properties is used to produce high strength, corrosion resistant, temperature resi-stant, high resistance and acid resistant alloys. Nickel in the form of fine powder can induce an allergic response when in contact with the skin, carcinogenic properties have been proven with long-term exposure to nickel dust. According to the proposed directive of the European Parliament No. 2020/0262, a value of maximum allowable concentration (MAC) in a workplace air in Poland for the inhalable fraction should be at 0.05 mg/m3 and for the respirable fraction at 0.01 mg/m3 (2020/0262/COD). The aim of this study was to develop a method for determining nickel in the range of 1/10 ÷ 2 of the MAC. The method is based on gathering nickel aerosol and its compounds contained in the air on a filter, filter mineralization in nitric acid(V) and hydrochloric acid at elevated temperature then determination of nickel content in the sample using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) with flame atomization. The method for the determination of nickel is presented in the form of an analytical procedure, which is included in the appendix. This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering.

Furan. Determination in workplace air with gas chromatography

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-160
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kucharska
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Flammable Liquid ◽  
Carcinogenic Effect ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Vapor Absorption ◽  
Workplace Air ◽  
Air Sample ◽  
Thermal Food Processing

Furan is colorless, highly volatile and flammable liquid with a specific ether odor. In nature it occurs in some species of wood, it is formed during burning process of wood, tobacco, fuels and also in thermal food processing. In industry furan is used as an intermediate in organic synthesis, resins solvent, during production of lacquer, drugs, stabilizers, insecticides and also in production of chemical compounds which have polymeric and coordination structure. Carcinogenic effect on animals was a base of recognition that furan is a substance which is probably also carcinogenic on humans. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a method of determining furan in workplace air. Developed determination method of furan relies on vapor absorption of this substance on coconut shell charcoal. Furan was extracted by 5% butan-1-ol solution in toluene. Obtained solution was analyzed with chromatography. The study was performed with gas chromatograph coupled with mass spectrometer (GC-MS), equipped with non-polar HP-PONA capillary column (length 50 m, diameter 0.2 mm and the film thickness of the stationary phase 0.5 µm). Developed method is linear in the concentration range of 0.05–1.0 µg/ml, which is equivalent to the range of 0.005–0.1 mg/m3 for 10-L air sample. The analytical method described in this paper makes it possible to determine furan in workplace air in the presence of comorbid substances. The method is precise, accurate and it meets the criteria for procedures for determining chemical agents listed in Standard No. PN-EN 482. The developed method of determining furan in workplace air has been recorded as an analytical procedure (see Appendix). This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering.

scholarly journals Bicyklo[4.4.0]dekan. Metoda oznaczania w powietrzu na stanowiskach pracy

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-177
Author(s):  
Anna Jeżewska
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Capillary Column ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Colorless Liquid ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Workplace Air ◽  
Eye Damage

Bicyclo[4.4.0]decane (BCD), also known as decalin, is a colorless liquid with the scent of camphor, menthol and naphthalene. This substance can be fatal if swallowed or entered a respiratory tract. It can cause severe skin burns and eye damage, and is toxic if inhaled. The aim of this study was to develop a method for determining BCD in workplace air, which will allow the determination of its concentrations at the level of 5 mg/m3 . The method was based on adsorption of BCD vapors on activated carbon, desorption with acetone solution in carbon disulfide and chromatographic analysis of the obtained solution. The study was performed with a gas chromatograph (GC) with a flame ionization detector (FID) equipped with a DB-VRX capillary column (60 m × 0.25 mm, 1.4 µm). The method was validated in accordance with the requirements of Standard No. EN 482. The method allows the determination BCD in workplace air in the concentration range 5–200 mg/m3 . The method for determining BCD has been recorded in the form of an analytical procedure (see Appendix). This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering.

Zinc dichloride. Determination in workplace air

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2(100)) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Jolanta Surgiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Workplace Air

Zinc dichloride is very soluble in water. It is used in galvanic processes, for wood impregna-tion, in the textile industry, in organic synthesis and for the production of explosives, for example smoke candles. Zinc dichloride has an irritating, corrosive and damaging effect on the eyes, mucous membranes of the airways, causes severe pneumonia, skin burns and systemic poisoning. Maximum allowable concentration value (MAC) for the inhalable fraction of zinc dichloride in Poland is 1 mg/m3 and the short-term exposure limit value (STEL) is 2 mg/m3. The aim of the study was to amend standard PN-Z-04367:2008 and to develop a method for determining zinc dichloride in workplace air in the range from 1/10 to 2 MAC values. The developed method of determination is based on taking a sample of air into two membrane filters, washing out zinc dichloride from the filters with deionized water and de-termining that compound as zinc by atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS) with atomiza-tion in air-acetylene flame. The method allows determination of zinc dichloride in the work-place air in the concentration range of 0.07–2.17 mg/m3 (for an air sample with a volume of 720 L, which corresponds to 0.1–2.2 of the MAC value. The method is characterized by good precision and accuracy and meets the requirements of European Standard PN-EN 482 for procedures for the determination of chemical substances. The method for the determination of zinc dichloride has been recorded in the form of an analytical procedure (see Appendix). This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering.

2-Nitroanisole. Determining in workplace air with gas chromatography

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1(103)) ◽  
pp. 113-125
Author(s):  
Anna Jeżewska ◽  
Agnieszka Woźnica
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Liquid Chromatograph ◽  
Total Uncertainty ◽  
Selective Determination ◽  
Maximum Admissible Concentration ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Workplace Air

2-Nitroanisole is a colourless or slightly yellowish liquid. This substance is mainly used in the production of o-anisidine (2-methoxyaniline), which is directly or indirectly used for the production of more than 100 azo dyes. 2-Nitroanisole may cause cancer to humans. The aim of this study was to develop a method for determining concentrations of 2-nitroanisole in workplace air in the range from 1/10 to 2 of maximum admissible concentration (MAC) values. The developed method is based on the adsorption of 2-nitroanisole on a silica gel, extraction with methanol and chromatographic analysis of the resulting solution. The tests were performed using a liquid chromatograph (HPLC) 1200 series of Agilent Technologies with a diode array detector (DAD). Determinations were performed using an Ultra C18 column (25 cm × 4.6 mm, dp = 5 µm). The procedure was validated according to Standard No. EN 482. The method can be used to determine 2-nitroanisole in workplace air in the concentration range from 0.16 to 3.2 mg/m3, i.e., from 1/10 to 2 MAC values. In that range, the obtained calibration curve was linear, as evidenced by the regression coefficient of 1. The overall accuracy of the method was about 5.3% and its relative total uncertainty was 23%. This method enables selective determination of 2-nitroanisole in workplace air in the presence of other compounds, such as methanol, o-anisidine, 3-nitroanisole, 4-nitroanisole and 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene. The method for determining 2-nitroanisole has been recorded in the form of an analytical procedure (see Appendix). This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering.

scholarly journals Akrylonitryl. Metoda oznaczania w powietrzu na stanowiskach pracy Anna Jeżewska, Agnieszka Woźnica

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-141
Author(s):  
Anna Jeżewska
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Capillary Column ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Colorless Liquid ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Workplace Air ◽  
Unpleasant Odor

Acrylonitrile (AN) is highly flammable, colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor. Acrylonitrile is used in industry to produce polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and its copolymers. Acrylonitrile can cause cancer. The aim of this study was to develop a method for determining acrylonitrile in workplace air which will allow determination of its concentrations at the level of 0.1 mg/m3 . The method was based on adsorption of acrylonitrile vapors on activated carbon, desorption with acetone solution in carbon disulfide and chromatographic analysis of the obtained solution. The study was performed using a gas chromatograph (GC) with a flame ionization detector (FID) equipped with a DB-VRX capillary column (60 m × 0.25 mm, 1.4 µm). The method was validated in accordance with the requirements of Standard No. EN 482. The method allows the determination of acrylonitrile in workplace air at the concentration range from 0.1 to 2 mg/m3. The method for determining acrylonitrile has been recorded in the form of an analytical procedure (see Appendix). This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering.

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