Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War ◽  
North Americans ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
The Social ◽  
Racial Liberalism ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Missionary Service ◽  
The Impact

This chapter outlines the foundations that shaped the racial liberalism of American liberal Protestants from the late nineteenth century through World War II. Included is an overview of their missionary service with the Japan YMCA, the modernist theology that inspired their social reform, and the role emerging trends in the social sciences played in shaping their views on race and assimilation in the early 1900s. The chapter also introduces the impact racial liberalism had on Asian North Americans who embraced assimilation and acculturation in the 1920s and 1930s as the best solution to prevent racial discrimination.

scholarly journals The Tramp in American Literature, 1873–1939

AmeriQuests ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Photinos
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
American Literature ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
World War ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This essay surveys changing representations of the tramp in American literature from 1873 to 1939. In the late nineteenth century, tramps were understood by middle- and upper-class Americans in terms of deviancy and criminality; but by World War II the tramp had entered the realm of nostalgia. The primary reasons for tramping did not change; what changed was the social meaning assigned to the tramp.

The German and Japanese Empires

2021 ◽  
pp. 1123-1160
Author(s):  
Daniel Hedinger ◽  
Moritz von Brescius
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World Order ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Shared History ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Second World

This chapter provides an analytical overview of the German and Japanese imperial projects from the mid-nineteenth century to the end of World War II. It shows how Germany and Japan—two imperial latecomers in the late nineteenth century—redefined imperialism and colonialism in the first half of the twentieth century. In order to realize their dreams of a new imperial world order, both countries broke with what had come before, and their violent imperial projects turned out to be radically new and different. While Europe had never seen an empire like Hitler’s, the same is true of East Asia and the so-called Co-Prosperity Sphere during the Second World War. In the end, it was their wars for empire and brutal legacies that not only profoundly shaped their respective national histories, but also undermined the legitimacy of imperialism after 1945. The chapter, which focuses on a series of important moments from a trans-imperial perspective, highlights two points. First, it stresses that the German and Japanese empires had a shared history. Second, it shows that by their emergence as colonial powers, Japan and Germany first fundamentally challenged and later changed the very rules of the “imperial game” and the existing global order. Their histories are central to understand great power competition in the first half of the 20th century as well as the imperial nature of the World Wars.

scholarly journals Racial and Social Prejudice in the Colonial Empire

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-44
Author(s):  
Patrícia Ferraz de Matos
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Interracial Marriage ◽  
World War ◽  
The Social ◽  
Colonial Empire ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Social Prejudice ◽  
Scientific Fields

This article analyses the issue of miscegenation in Portugal, which is directly associated with the context of its colonial empire, from late nineteenth to mid-twentieth centuries. The analysis considers sources from both literary and scientific fields. Subsequently, aspects such as interracial marriage, degeneration and segregation as well as the changes brought about by the end of World War II and the social revolutions of the 1960s are considered. The 1980s brought several changes in the attitude towards Portuguese identity and nationality, which had meanwhile cut loose from its colonial context. Crossbreeding was never actually praised in the Portuguese colonial context, and despite still having strong repercussions in the present day, lusotropicalism was based on a fallacious rhetoric of politically motivated propaganda.

The Collegiate Crisis: History, Politics, and Education Policy - Charles J. Sykes, The Hollow Men: Politics and Corruption in Higher Education (Washington, D.C.: Regnery Gateway, 1990. Pp. xii, 356. $19.95).

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-485
Author(s):  
Marilyn Tobias
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Politics And Education ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The 1960S

The American academy is in dire straits asserts journalist Charles J. Sykes in The Hollow Men. A largely unheralded “revolution from above,” the author claims, “has robbed higher education of much of its traditional content, while distorting its values and its basic principles” (309). To understand the contemporary academic scene, he continues, is to understand the radicalization of the academy by the left, which had resulted in the intrusion of politics into both scholarship and the classroom, assaults on those who do not accept the “politically correct” line, and a fragmented, incoherent curriculum that trivializes the historic meaning of the liberal arts. While the current “crisis of values” (309) is often traced to the 1960s student movement, Mr. Sykes argues that the roots of the problem also go back to the post–World War II period and perhaps even to the late nineteenth century, when the agreement over “ends” (71) disappeared and “higher education's immune system” was “destroyed” (72).

scholarly journals THE NIŠ COOPERATIVE: 1921‒1947

2021 ◽  
pp. 191-205
Author(s):  
DEJAN D. ANTIĆ ◽  
IVAN M. BECIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Privately Owned

Numerous local monetary bureaus owned by shareholders were established in the Kingdom of Serbia in the late nineteenth century. Many of these institutions, such as the Niš Cooperative, not only engaged in banking services but also owned industrial and trade companies. Economic circumstances changed so significantly after World War I that bank managements often were unable to cope with them. The Niš Cooperative was an example of a stable yet not particularly powerful monetary bureau whose reputation depended on the leading members of its Board of Directors. Unlike most other monetary bureaus, the Niš Cooperative continued operating after World War II up until privately-owned monetary bureaus were closed by the socialist Yugoslav government.

The Social and Political Effects of Air Raids on the German People: A Preliminary Survey

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Neumann
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
Preliminary Survey ◽  
World War ◽  
Emergency Relief ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
Ruhr District ◽  
German People ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the social and political effects of air raids on German morale during World War II. The strategic aerial bombing of Nazi Germany had increased to such an extent during the last twelve months that approximately 65,000 people were, at tbe time of the report, bombed out of their homes each week. The number of unusable destroyed houses in April 1944 totaled 1,600,000 in the Reich and the protected areas. A large number of the great industrial centers of Germany, such as Berlin, Hamburg, Bremen, the Ruhr district, Rostock, Hannover, Leipzig, Mannheim-Ludwigshafen, Stuttgart, Brunswick, Kassel, and Wiener-Neustadt had been severely damaged. The chapter considers the impact of the bombings on Germany's local defense program, the emergency relief measures implemented after the raids, problems of evacuation, the Nazi Party's propaganda reply to the raids, and how the bombings affected the German people, including the middle classes and workers.

Political Affiliation

Yiddish ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 150-164
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Shandler
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Political Affiliation ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
World War ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
Trade Unionism ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This chapter examines the role that Yiddish played, beginning in the late nineteenth century, in many Jews’ participation in progressive politics, including trade unionism, socialism, anarchism, labor Zionism, and communism. The Yiddishism engendered by various political movements became, for some Jews, an ideological end in itself. Their commitment to maintaining and transforming the language has served as a definitional practice of Jewish solidarity. In the post–World War II era, Yiddish has been implicated in new political uses by Hasidim, by new generations of progressive Jews, and by non-Jews in Europe engaged in coming to terms with the destruction of European Jewry.

‘The Habitual Nobility of Being’: British Officers and the Social Construction of the Bengal Army in the Early Nineteenth Century

1991 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas M. Peers
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Complex Matrix ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Indian Mutiny ◽  
The Impact

The ethnocentric and racialist overtones of the Victorian empire have long been acknowledged. Most work in this field has generally centred on the mid to late nineteenth century and, by emphasizing the intellectual and cultural currents in domestic society, has focused our attention on the metropole. This reveals only part of the equation; British attitudes towards the outside world arose from a complex matrix of ideas, assumptions and contacts that linked the metropole and colonial environments. In order to understand more fully British responses to non-European societies, and the impact these had on imperial developments, this paper will examine the Bengal army in the 1820s and demonstrate that it was during this period, and under this institution, that many of the assumptions were established under which the later Raj would operate. Of great importance were experiences in the Burma War (1824–26) and the simultaneous mutiny at Barrackpore which, by bringing to the surface doubts about the loyalty and reliability of the Bengal army, hastened a transition from an army modelled on caste lines to one that rested principally on race. This transformation from a caste-based army to an army of martial races was not fully completed, although the foundations were laid, in the years before the Indian Mutiny of 1857, largely because even those who rejected Bengal's dependence upon the highest castes could not bring themselves to argue for the recruitment of the lowest castes no matter what ‘race’ they were drawn from.

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