scholarly journals Racial and Social Prejudice in the Colonial Empire

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-44
Author(s):  
Patrícia Ferraz de Matos
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Interracial Marriage ◽  
World War ◽  
The Social ◽  
Colonial Empire ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Social Prejudice ◽  
Scientific Fields

This article analyses the issue of miscegenation in Portugal, which is directly associated with the context of its colonial empire, from late nineteenth to mid-twentieth centuries. The analysis considers sources from both literary and scientific fields. Subsequently, aspects such as interracial marriage, degeneration and segregation as well as the changes brought about by the end of World War II and the social revolutions of the 1960s are considered. The 1980s brought several changes in the attitude towards Portuguese identity and nationality, which had meanwhile cut loose from its colonial context. Crossbreeding was never actually praised in the Portuguese colonial context, and despite still having strong repercussions in the present day, lusotropicalism was based on a fallacious rhetoric of politically motivated propaganda.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War ◽  
North Americans ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
The Social ◽  
Racial Liberalism ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Missionary Service ◽  
The Impact

This chapter outlines the foundations that shaped the racial liberalism of American liberal Protestants from the late nineteenth century through World War II. Included is an overview of their missionary service with the Japan YMCA, the modernist theology that inspired their social reform, and the role emerging trends in the social sciences played in shaping their views on race and assimilation in the early 1900s. The chapter also introduces the impact racial liberalism had on Asian North Americans who embraced assimilation and acculturation in the 1920s and 1930s as the best solution to prevent racial discrimination.

Family and Childhood

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret L. King
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Childhood And Youth ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Annales School

Scholars largely neglected the history of the family until after World War II, when they began to employ theoretical perspectives imported from the social sciences. In the 1960s, two principal figures triggered its study: Philippe Ariès, associated with the French Annales school, and Peter Laslett, cofounder at Cambridge University, England, of the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure. Since that period, studies have proliferated on the history of family and household in Europe and its subregions and on the related topics of childhood and youth.

The Collegiate Crisis: History, Politics, and Education Policy - Charles J. Sykes, The Hollow Men: Politics and Corruption in Higher Education (Washington, D.C.: Regnery Gateway, 1990. Pp. xii, 356. $19.95).

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-485
Author(s):  
Marilyn Tobias
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Politics And Education ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The 1960S

The American academy is in dire straits asserts journalist Charles J. Sykes in The Hollow Men. A largely unheralded “revolution from above,” the author claims, “has robbed higher education of much of its traditional content, while distorting its values and its basic principles” (309). To understand the contemporary academic scene, he continues, is to understand the radicalization of the academy by the left, which had resulted in the intrusion of politics into both scholarship and the classroom, assaults on those who do not accept the “politically correct” line, and a fragmented, incoherent curriculum that trivializes the historic meaning of the liberal arts. While the current “crisis of values” (309) is often traced to the 1960s student movement, Mr. Sykes argues that the roots of the problem also go back to the post–World War II period and perhaps even to the late nineteenth century, when the agreement over “ends” (71) disappeared and “higher education's immune system” was “destroyed” (72).

Ideology and General Theory: The Case of Sociological Functionalism

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Huaco
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Symbolic Interaction ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Talcott Parsons ◽  
World War ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
American Sociology ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 1960S

It is a commonplace of our recent past that functionalism and the second system of Talcott Parsons (a distinctive version of functionalism) rose to power or attained hegemony in American sociology shortly after the end of World War II, retained this hegemony through the 1950s and 1960s, and lost a near-exclusive hold in the early 1970s when many of the younger sociologists abandoned a holist or transindividual perspective in favor of an interpersonal face-to-face context (associated with the social psychological concerns of symbolic interaction and ethnomethodology). What accounts for this? Why did functionalism and the second system of Parsons capture the intellectual allegiance of so many intelligent men and women in American sociology precisely at the end of World War II? What explains the almost total hegemony of this persuasion of general theory for more than two decades? Finally, what accounts for the fact that many younger sociologists withdrew their allegiance to these views at the end of the 1960s or early 1970s?

Manifestations of Imperial Terror in Colonial Kenya, 1890s–1960s

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy H. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Mau Mau ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Internal Struggle ◽  
The 1960S

This chapter analyzes political violence in Kenya from the late nineteenth century to the 1960s. In a study of the “pacification campaigns” conducted by the Imperial British East Africa Company against the Kikuyu and Nandi communities at the turn of the twentieth century, the chapter describes the use of spectacular violence on both sides. It then offers an explanation for why there were no major outbursts of political violence during the Kenyan colonial regime. Finally, it analyzes the internal struggle in post‒World War II Kenya known as the “Mau Mau Emergency,” which has conventionally been characterized as a nationalist uprising but which was in fact a Kikuyu civil war that had the effect of a neo-pacification campaign. The chapter thus calls into question basic assumptions about powerless nonstate actors and a powerful state, inviting a reevaluation of these ideas by scholars of terrorism.

The existentialist public administrator

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Waugh
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Public Administrators ◽  
World War ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
The Social ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Societal Problems

The philosophical roots of existentialism can be found in the writings of Kierkegaard, Heidegger, Sartre, and Camus. Sartre used existentialism to frame the social and political issues of the day after World War II and Camus helped popularize the philosophyʼns focus on individualism and personal freedom. Existentialism provided justification for challenging public officials and regimes and was embraced again by public administrators and citizens frustrated by the failures of foreign and domestic policies in the 1960s and 1970s. Today existentialism and transcendentalist phenomenology remain strong alternatives to empiricism as a methodology in the study of human behavior. They provide a philosophical basis for determining and applying ethical standards, as well as a basis for encouraging public administrators to address major societal problems rather than being overly focused on management technique and administrative process.

Building the Population Bomb

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Klancher Merchant
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Reproductive Justice ◽  
World War ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
The Social ◽  
Environmental Integrity ◽  
The 1960S

Building the Population Bomb examines how human population came to be understood as a problem in the twentieth century, how it became an object of intervention for governments, scientists, and nongovernmental organizations, and how some forms of intervention got coded as legitimate while others were recognized as coercive. It traces the emergence and growth of two scientific perspectives on population from the 1920s to the present. The first, rooted in the natural sciences, considered the world’s population as a whole in relation to natural resources. The second, rooted in the social sciences, considered national population growth rates in relation to economic growth. These two perspectives converged briefly after World War II, convincing world leaders that population growth posed a barrier to economic development and a threat to worldwide peace and environmental integrity. The book documents how this overpopulation consensus attracted vast sums of money to demography and population control, and teases out the differences between population control, birth control, and family planning. It concludes with the fracturing of this consensus at the end of the 1960s, constituting the factions that structure today’s debates over whether the world’s population is growing too quickly or not quickly enough, and over what should be done about it. The book documents how population growth came to take the blame for the world’s most complex and pressing problems, and how efforts to solve “the population problem” have diverted attention and resources from the pursuit of economic, environmental, and reproductive justice.

Identity Discourses and Diasporic Aesthetics in Black Paris: Community Formation and the Translation of Culture

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-58
Author(s):  
Bennetta Jules-Rosette
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Community Formation ◽  
World War ◽  
The Social ◽  
African Immigration ◽  
Identity Discourses ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The 1960S

Diasporic African communities in France are a byproduct of the demise of the colonial enterprise and the social and economic reconfiguration of France after World War II. Prior to the 1960s, African immigration to France was sporadic, encompassing students, intellectuals, and a small population of workers and war veterans. The 1960 census recorded a total of 18,000 sub-Saharan Africans residing in France (Dewitte 18). By 1982, the African immigrant population had leapt to 127,322 (INSÉÉ, Recensement général). The 1990 census aggregated North and sub-Saharan Africans, for a total population of 1,633,142 (INSÉÉ, Recensement de la population). None of these figures include the substantial and ongoing presence of Afro-Antilleans in France.

A “Glimpse through an Interstice Caught”: Fictional Portrayals of Male Homosexual Life in Twentieth-Century Sydney

PMLA ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 344-347
Author(s):  
Garry Wotherspoon
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
Mardi Gras ◽  
Male Homosexual ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Social ◽  
Homosexual Activity ◽  
The 1960S

Sydney is probably best known nowadays for its annual gay and lesbian mardi gras parade, beamed worldwide to millions of TV and Internet viewers, marking it as one of the iconic gay cities of the contemporary world. And while Sydney also had a reputation from its earliest convict-colony days as a city with high levels of homosexual activity—one early chief justice damned it as a “Sodom” in the South Pacific (UK, Parliament, 18 Apr. 1837, 518; question 505)—only in the last two or three decades have Sydney's homosexual or gay subcultures openly flourished and, perhaps grudgingly, been accepted. Indeed, from its earliest days until some years after World War II, Australia was in the grip of Victorian moralistic attitudes, only finally broken by the countercultural revolution of the 1960s and the social movements from the 1970s.

scholarly journals The Tramp in American Literature, 1873–1939

AmeriQuests ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Photinos
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
American Literature ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
World War ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This essay surveys changing representations of the tramp in American literature from 1873 to 1939. In the late nineteenth century, tramps were understood by middle- and upper-class Americans in terms of deviancy and criminality; but by World War II the tramp had entered the realm of nostalgia. The primary reasons for tramping did not change; what changed was the social meaning assigned to the tramp.

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