Minimalism

Artful Noise ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 146-155
Author(s):  
Thomas Siwe
Keyword(s):  
Popular Music ◽  
La Monte Young ◽  
American Composer ◽  
Tonal Patterns ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Formal Procedures

The static sounds of popular music, especially rock <ap>‘n’ roll, influenced a new generation of composers. Rejecting both classical and contemporary formal procedures in composition, minimalist composers created new works whose structures became apparent to the listener as the music slowly unfolded. Beginning with La Monte Young, the master of the drone, a few composers began to simplify their art in an effort to connect to the listening public. The percussion music presented herein exhibits many of the traits that define minimalism: the constant repetitive pulse, reduced forces, slowly changing rhythmic modules, and canonic constructs. A brief look at Terry Riley’s iconic work, In C, leads to an in-depth examination of composer Steve Reich’s most popular minimalist work, Drumming. In it, the listener can hear the slowly unfolding structure of the work as well as the psychoacoustic phenomena caused by the interaction of rhythmic and tonal patterns. The chapter concludes with an examination of works by the Danish composer and theorist Per Nørgård and the American composer James Tenney.

scholarly journals Neoserial, serial premium czy post soap opera? W poszukiwaniu wyznaczników dla seriali nowej generacji

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (34) ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
Artur Borowiecki
Keyword(s):  
Soap Opera ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
Television Series ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Television Formats ◽  
Formal Procedures ◽  
Network Era ◽  
Commercial Breaks ◽  
Adam Mickiewicz

Borowiecki Artur, Neoserial, serial premium czy post soap opera? W poszukiwaniu wyznaczników dla seriali nowej generacji [Neo series, premium series or post soap opera? In looking for characteristics of the new generation TV series]. “Images” vol. XXV, no. 34. Poznań 2019. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. Pp. 163–171.ISSN 1731–450X. DOI 10.14746/i.2019.34.11. Modern television series are a product of quality television and thus significantly differ from the models that have been deeply rooted in serial culture since the very beginning of the media’s existence. In the past, television formats were thematically subject to the requirements of television broadcast programming. They were characterized by five-act structures, with climaxes forced by television stations to occur before subsequent commercial breaks. At that time, the dominating category constituted series with an episodic structure closed within one episode. This resulted in the appearance of the currently widespread procedurals. Nonetheless, the three-act structure of sitcom plots dominates nowadays, in the post-network era. Another significant feature of the post soap is its narrative complexity (Mittell), which, in addition to formal procedures, often uses quotes, and autotematic references. The purpose of this article is to analyze the narrative complexity of new generation TV series, called “post soap”. A new genre of TV series has been examined through the examples of a popular show: Ślepnąc od świateł (2018).

scholarly journals Cybernetic systems of music creation

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Strange
Keyword(s):  
Popular Music ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
School Education ◽  
Dynamic Work ◽  
Musical Creativity ◽  
Gavin Bryars ◽  
New Generation ◽  
End Results ◽  
Art School

Simplicity of thought and operation can help to define complex end results, with cybernetic systems being a useful means of defining this within songwriting practices. This study outlines utilization of cybernetic practices by key popular music composers, including David Byrne and Brian Eno, who benefited from an art school education which supported these practices. As postmodern creation became more evident within art colleges, systemized processes of creation, where hierarchies were delineated, supported freedom and experimentation within the creative process. The non-musician was able to express their musical creativity due to the rise of new technologies and the reduction of hierarchies, as exposed from interviews with Eno, his art school tutor Roy Ascott, and experimental composer Gavin Bryars. These elements of art school education that they discussed, helped a new generation of musicians to develop original and dynamic work in the 1970s; the results of this research suggest that these are practices that should be introduced and acknowledged within HPME.

Eubie Blake

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Carlin ◽  
Ken Bloom
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Popular Music ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
American Culture ◽  
Popular Song ◽  
True Story ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Josephine Baker ◽  
American Popular Song

The book tells the story of one of the key composers of 20th-century American popular song. Through his music, Eubie Blake rose from the slums of Baltimore to the heights of Broadway success. His show Shuffle Along was the first African American show to win a major white audience, becoming the tenth most popular show of the 1920s. The show introduced future black stars—including Josephine Baker, Paul Robeson, and Florence Mills—and the syncopated chorus line, and introduced jazz-styled music to Broadway. Blake’s composing skills were matched by his piano mastery. Even in the Depression, Eubie continued composing innovative new works. At 61, he studied the Schillinger Method to expand his harmonic knowledge and ability to compose beyond the confines of traditional popular song. Blake’s persistence in maintaining his ties to ragtime and Broadway paid off in the late 1960s, when he was rediscovered due to new recordings and personal appearances. In the last decade of his life he influenced an entirely new generation of pianists and composers from the jazz and classical worlds. This is the first biography to explore the wealth of personal records, interviews, and deep research to illuminate Blake’s life and impact on over 100 years of American culture. It tells the true story of African American performers struggling to achieve recognition and success in the popular music world at a time of deep racism. Blake’s career blazed a path for countless others to rise above the limitations previously faced by blacks in the popular music world.

Before and After Auschwitz: Korngold and the Art and Politics of the Twentieth Century

2019 ◽  
pp. 263-314
Author(s):  
Leon Botstein
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Popular Music ◽  
Contemporary Music ◽  
Film Music ◽  
Violin Concerto ◽  
Art And Politics ◽  
Good Fortune ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Unanticipated Consequence ◽  
New Generation

This chapter discusses Erich Korngold's changing status as a composer in the twentieth century. Since the early 1970s, spurred by popular modern recordings of Korngold's film music and the embrace of the Violin Concerto as a favored vehicle by a new generation of aspiring violinists, both Korngold's career as a composer and his output have gained in currency and respectability. Korngold's posthumous good fortune is the unanticipated consequence of the return to legitimacy, at the end of the twentieth century, of an aesthetic eclecticism regarding contemporary music. The belief in the exclusive legitimacy of an aesthetics of a radical modernism—justified by history, for the postwar world—has vanished. Minimalism, a new Romanticism, the integration with forms of popular music, and the blurring of genre distinctions all can be found in the music composed during the last forty years. These have turned Korngold from marginal figure into a prominent representative of the twentieth century, alongside other unjustly forgotten composers of a more “conservative” character.

Finding the Right Problems: Some HREM Applications to Interfaces

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 376-379
Author(s):  
D. Cherns
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Boundary Structure ◽  
Atomic Structures ◽  
Grain Boundary Structure ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
The Right ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Better Than

The use of high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) to determine the atomic structure of grain boundaries and interfaces is a topic of great current interest. Grain boundary structure has been considered for many years as central to an understanding of the mechanical and transport properties of materials. Some more recent attention has focussed on the atomic structures of metalsemiconductor interfaces which are believed to control electrical properties of contacts. The atomic structures of interfaces in semiconductor or metal multilayers is an area of growing interest for understanding the unusual electrical or mechanical properties which these new materials possess. However, although the point-to-point resolutions of currently available HREMs, ∼2-3Å, appear sufficient to solve many of these problems, few atomic models of grain boundaries and interfaces have been derived. Moreover, with a new generation of 300-400kV instruments promising resolutions in the 1.6-2.0 Å range, and resolutions better than 1.5Å expected from specialist instruments, it is an appropriate time to consider the usefulness of HREM for interface studies.

Total etch dentin bonding systems: scanning electron microscopy of the resin-dentin hybrid layer

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1092-1093
Author(s):  
Jorge Perdigao
Keyword(s):  
Composite Resin ◽  
Mechanical Interlocking ◽  
Hybrid Layer ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Dentin Bonding ◽  
Acid Agent ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Bonding Systems ◽  
New Generation

In 1955, Buonocore introduced the etching of enamel with phosphoric acid. Bonding to enamel was created by mechanical interlocking of resin tags with enamel prisms. Enamel is an inert tissue whose main component is hydroxyapatite (98% by weight). Conversely, dentin is a wet living tissue crossed by tubules containing cellular extensions of the dental pulp. Dentin consists of 18% of organic material, primarily collagen. Several generations of dentin bonding systems (DBS) have been studied in the last 20 years. The dentin bond strengths associated with these DBS have been constantly lower than the enamel bond strengths. Recently, a new generation of DBS has been described. They are applied in three steps: an acid agent on enamel and dentin (total etch technique), two mixed primers and a bonding agent based on a methacrylate resin. They are supposed to bond composite resin to wet dentin through dentin organic component, forming a peculiar blended structure that is part tooth and part resin: the hybrid layer.

Low-voltage, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy of polymers

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 466-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Krause ◽  
W.W. Adams ◽  
S. Kumar ◽  
T. Reilly ◽  
T. Suziki
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Resolution Limit ◽  
Crossover Point ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Beam Damage ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of polymers at routine operating voltages of 15 to 25 keV can lead to beam damage and sample image distortion due to charging. Imaging polymer samples with low accelerating voltages (0.1 to 2.0 keV), at or near the “crossover point”, can reduce beam damage, eliminate charging, and improve contrast of surface detail. However, at low voltage, beam brightness is reduced and image resolution is degraded due to chromatic aberration. A new generation of instruments has improved brightness at low voltages, but a typical SEM with a tungsten hairpin filament will have a resolution limit of about 100nm at 1keV. Recently, a new field emission gun (FEG) SEM, the Hitachi S900, was introduced with a reported resolution of 0.8nm at 30keV and 5nm at 1keV. In this research we are reporting the results of imaging coated and uncoated polymer samples at accelerating voltages between 1keV and 30keV in a tungsten hairpin SEM and in the Hitachi S900 FEG SEM.

3-Dimensional immunolabeling and in situ hybridization detection using fluorescence photooxidation and intermediate-voltage Electron Microscopy

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 164-165
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Deerinck ◽  
Maryann E. Martone ◽  
Varda Lev-Ram ◽  
David P. L. Green ◽  
Roger Y. Tsien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Fluorescent Dye ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Dimensional Distribution ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
New Generation

The confocal laser scanning microscope has become a powerful tool in the study of the 3-dimensional distribution of proteins and specific nucleic acid sequences in cells and tissues. This is also proving to be true for a new generation of high contrast intermediate voltage electron microscopes (IVEM). Until recently, the number of labeling techniques that could be employed to allow examination of the same sample with both confocal and IVEM was rather limited. One method that can be used to take full advantage of these two technologies is fluorescence photooxidation. Specimens are labeled by a fluorescent dye and viewed with confocal microscopy followed by fluorescence photooxidation of diaminobenzidine (DAB). In this technique, a fluorescent dye is used to photooxidize DAB into an osmiophilic reaction product that can be subsequently visualized with the electron microscope. The precise reaction mechanism by which the photooxidation occurs is not known but evidence suggests that the radiationless transfer of energy from the excited-state dye molecule undergoing the phenomenon of intersystem crossing leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen. It is this reactive oxygen that is likely crucial in the photooxidation of DAB.

Recent developments in low-voltage SEM of polymers

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 866-867
Author(s):  
S.J. Krause ◽  
W.W. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Thermal Electron ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Beam Currents ◽  
New Generation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Voltage Scanning ◽  
Beam Damage

Over the past decade low voltage scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM) of polymers has evolved from an interesting curiosity to a powerful analytical technique. This development has been driven by improved instrumentation and in particular, reliable field emission gun (FEG) SEMs. The usefulness of LVSEM has also grown because of an improved theoretical and experimental understanding of sample-beam interactions and by advances in sample preparation and operating techniques. This paper will review progress in polymer LVSEM and present recent results and developments in the field.In the early 1980s a new generation of SEMs produced beam currents that were sufficient to allow imaging at low voltages from 5keV to 0.5 keV. Thus, for the first time, it became possible to routinely image uncoated polymers at voltages below their negative charging threshold, the "second crossover", E2 (Fig. 1). LVSEM also improved contrast and reduced beam damage in sputter metal coated polymers. Unfortunately, resolution was limited to a few tenths of a micron due to the low brightness and chromatic aberration of thermal electron emission sources.

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