Radiographic evaluation of the maxillary sinus prior to dental implant therapy: A comparison between two-dimensional and three-dimensional radiographic imaging

For any dental implant procedure that is being carried out, the success will depend on a thorough pre-operative investigation. The quality, quantity and the volume of available bone at the planned implant site has to be assessed properly when planning a dental implant placement. When we speak of the fore-mentioned aspects pre-surgical imaging and its co-relation to clinical findings help assess the relation to the amount of bone available from underlying vital parts namely the sinus cavities, nasal floor, nerves, teeth and vessels. Different radiographic modalities have been advocated for its assessment. Intra Oral Peri-apical radiograph (two-dimensional) is one such modality that has lost its importance after the introduction of more advanced techniques like Cone Beam Tomography (three-dimensional). This article will help us understand how two-dimensional and three-dimensional imaging modalities go hand in hand while treating dental patients. It will also explain why the conventional imaging technologies are still required in this era of modern methods of imaging.

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Three-dimensional linear and volumetric assessment of the maxillary sinus following posterior teeth extraction with implications for dental implant: A split mouth cross-sectional cone-beam computed tomographic study

Journal of Dental Implants ◽

10.4103/jdi.jdi_18_20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

NinadMilind Padhye ◽

VinayakUmesh Shirsekar ◽

PrasadDiwakar Bhange ◽

ShitalS Nikam ◽

AshleshaS Marathe

Keyword(s):

Maxillary Sinus ◽

Dental Implant ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Posterior Teeth ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Volumetric Assessment ◽

Teeth Extraction

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Review of the radiographic modalities used during dental implant therapy - A narrative

South African Dental Journal ◽

10.17159/2519-0105/2021/v76no2a4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 84-90

Author(s):

Khaled R Beshtawi ◽

Mogammad T Peck ◽

Manogari Chetty

Keyword(s):

Dental Implant ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Dimensional Accuracy ◽

Daily Practice ◽

Dental Practice ◽

X Ray ◽

Radiographic Technique ◽

Implant Therapy ◽

Dental Radiographs ◽

Success Of Treatment

The introduction of digital x-ray receivers which replaced conventional films was a significant radiographic development that is commonly used in daily dental practice. Dental implant therapy (DIT) is a sought after dental therapeutic intervention and dental radiography is an essential component contributing to the success of treatment. Dental radiographs taken in daily practice are generally conventional two-dimensional images and/or three-dimensional images. Ideally, the choice of radiographic technique should be determined after a thorough clinical examination and comprehensive consideration of the advantages, indications, and drawbacks. Digital three-dimensional modalities that have emerged over the last decade have been incorporated into DIT with the assumption that treatment outcomes will be improved. These modalities are constantly being reassessed and improved but there is a paucity of published information regarding the assessment of variables such as dosages and dimensional accuracy, suggesting that further research in these matters is necessary. This is crucial in order to obtain evidence-based information that may influence future radiographic practices. In this narrative, the authors present the most commonly used dental radiographic modalities currently used in DIT.

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Interim denture used as a guide for presurgical radiographic evaluation of dental implant therapy

Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry ◽

10.1067/mpr.2001.117978 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 86 (3) ◽

pp. 324-325

Author(s):

Tsung-Po Tsai ◽

Shih-Hao Chang ◽

Hsiang-Hsi Hong ◽

Yu-Fu Shen

Keyword(s):

Dental Implant ◽

Radiographic Evaluation ◽

Implant Therapy

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Standardization of three-dimensional pose of cylindrical implants from intraoral radiographs: a preliminary study

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01448-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Saverio Cosola ◽

Paolo Toti ◽

Miguel Peñarrocha-Diago ◽

Ugo Covani ◽

Bruno Carlo Brevi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Implant ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

A Posteriori ◽

Simulated Image ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Ionizing Radiations ◽

Robust Linear Regression

Abstract Background To introduce a theoretical solution to a posteriori describe the pose of a cylindrical dental fixture as appearing on radiographs; to experimentally validate the method described. Methods The pose of a conventional dental implant was described by a triplet of angles (phi-pitch, theta-roll, and psi-yaw) which was calculated throughout vector analysis. Radiographic- and simulated-image obtained with an algorithm were compared to test effectiveness, reproducibility, and accuracy of the method. The length of the dental implant as appearing on the simulated image was calculated by the trigonometric function and then compared with real length as it appeared on a two-dimensional radiograph. Results Twenty radiographs were analyzed for the present in silico and retrospective study. Among 40 fittings, 37 resulted as resolved with residuals ≤ 1 mm. Similar results were obtained for radiographic and simulated implants with absolute errors of − 1.1° ± 3.9° for phi; − 0.9° ± 4.1° for theta; 0° ± 1.1° for psi. The real and simulated length of the implants appeared to be heavily correlated. Linear dependence was verified by the results of the robust linear regression: 0.9757 (slope), + 0.1344 mm (intercept), and an adjusted coefficient of determination of 0.9054. Conclusions The method allowed clinicians to calculate, a posteriori, a single real triplet of angles (phi, theta, psi) by analyzing a two-dimensional radiograph and to identify cases where standardization of repeated intraoral radiographies was not achieved. The a posteriori standardization of two-dimensional radiographs could allowed the clinicians to minimize the patient’s exposure to ionizing radiations for the measurement of marginal bone levels around dental implants.

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Comparison of Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Radiographs Using Clinically Relevant Parameters

Dentistry Journal ◽

10.3390/dj7020050 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 50 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Julia C. Schmidt ◽

Claudia-Julie Gutekunst ◽

Dorothea Dagassan-Berndt ◽

Patrick R. Schmidlin ◽

Clemens Walter

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Panoramic Radiograph ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Radiographic Imaging ◽

Radiographic Images ◽

Dental Restorations ◽

Furcation Involvement ◽

Root Proximity ◽

Mandibular Teeth

This work compared the assessment of clinically relevant parameters by two-dimensional, that is, full-mouth intraoral radiograph (I-O) and panoramic radiograph (OPT), and three-dimensional, that is, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), imaging methods. Different radiographic images (CBCT, I-O and OPT) were available for a 53-year-old female patient with dental and periodontal problems. A total of 14 dental and periodontal parameters were assessed by two independent examiners and compared among the three radiographic imaging modalities. For 10 parameters (71%), the CBCT images were superior to both I-O and OPT images. In contrast, CBCT demonstrated an inferior performance compared to I-O and OPT in the assessment of caries and dental restorations. Compared to OPT, I-O provided more clinically relevant findings for 10 out of 14 parameters (71%). Agreement between I-O and OPT was found with respect to dehiscence, fenestration, the number of bone walls and the root canal cross-section. Differences between the radiographic images were more likely to be detected when maxillary teeth rather than mandibular teeth were assessed with regard to furcation involvement, root proximity and root fusion.

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Dental implant imaging: What do South African dentists and dental specialists prefer?

South African Dental Journal ◽

10.17159/2519-0105/2021/v76no7a1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 76 (08) ◽

pp. 448-456

Author(s):

Khaled R Beshtawi ◽

Mogammad T Peck ◽

Hussein M Mahmoud ◽

Manogari Chetty

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Dental Implant ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Dimensional Accuracy ◽

Radiographic Examination ◽

Multiple Choice Questions ◽

Panoramic Radiographs ◽

Asymptomatic Patients ◽

Implant Therapy

To document the types of imaging modalities that are commonly prescribed during dental implant therapy in South Africa. The radiographic preferences were obtained from practitioners via an electronic survey that was disseminated during local dental conferences, electronic channels (e.g., email lists) of multiple dental schools and local dental scientific societies, and personal interviews. The survey consisted of multiple-choice questions which were designed to investigate the most common radiographic prescriptions during various treatment phases of implant therapy. The responses of one hundred and forty-two participants (General practitioners and dental specialists) practising in different South African provinces were collected and assessed. Principally, panoramic radiographs combined with cone beam computed tomography (PAN + CBCT) followed by CBCT, as a single examination (ASE), were the most preferable modalities during the implant planning phase (39% and 29%, respectively). During and directly after the surgery, periapical radiographs (ASE) were the most preferred (87% and 65%, respectively). The most widely preferred radiographic examination during the planning of implants was panoramic radiographs combined with CBCT. Periapical radiographs (ASE) were favoured during, directly after the treatment, and during the follow-up of asymptomatic patients by the majority of participants. However, CBCT (ASE) was preferred in the follow up of symptomatic patients. Factors related to extra anatomical information and superior dimensional accuracy provided by three-dimensional volumes (e.g., CBCT volumes), were the most indicated influencing factors on the radiographic prescriptions during implant planning.

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Standardization of Three-Dimensional Pose of Cylindrical Implants From Intraoral Radiographs

10.21203/rs.3.rs-126721/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Saverio Cosola ◽

Paolo Toti ◽

Miguel Peñarrocha-Diago ◽

Ugo Covani ◽

Bruno Carlo Brevi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Implant ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

A Posteriori ◽

Simulated Image ◽

Retrospective Data Analysis ◽

Ethical Approval ◽

Human Investigation Committee ◽

Ionizing Radiations

Abstract BackgroundTo introduce a theoretical solution to a posteriori describe the pose of a cylindrical dental fixture as appearing on radiographs; to experimentally validate the method described.MethodsThe pose of a conventional dental implant was described by a triplet of angles (phi-pitch, theta-roll, and psi-yaw) which was calculated throughout vector analysis. Radiographic- and simulated-image obtained with an algorithm were compared to test effectiveness, reproducibility, and accuracy of the method. The length of the dental implant as appearing on the simulated image was calculated by the trigonometric function and then compared with real length as it appeared on a two-dimensional radiograph. ResultsTwenty radiographs were analyzed for the present in silico and retrospective study. Among 40 fittings, 37 resulted as resolved with residuals ≤1mm. Similar results were obtained for radiographic and simulated implants with absolute errors of -1.1±3.9° for phi; -0.9±4.1° for theta; 0±1.1° for psi. The real and simulated length of the implants appeared to be heavily correlated. Linear dependence was verified by the results of the robust linear regression: 0.9757 (slope), +0.1344mm (intercept), and an adjusted coefficient of determination of 0.9054.ConclusionsThe method allowed clinicians to calculate, a posteriori, a single real triplet of angles (phi,theta,psi) by analyzing a two-dimensional radiograph and to identify cases where standardization of repeated intraoral radiographies was not achieved. The a posteriori standardization of two-dimensional radiographs could allowed the clinicians to minimize the patient's exposure to ionizing radiations for the measurement of marginal bone levels around dental implants.Trial registrationThe Human Investigation Committee (IRB) of University of Pisa approved present retrospective data analysis (Ethical Approval Form 2626/2008 Protocol Number 58183)

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