Positioning errors of dental implants and their associations with adjacent structures and anatomical variations: A CBCT-based study

Preoperative evaluation of maxillary sinus anatomy is very important to avoid surgical complications due to close anatomical relations between the sinus and the posterior maxillary teeth and/or edentulous alveolar ridge. Posterior superior alveolar artery is a branch of the maxillary artery and provides the vascularization of the lateral sinus wall and underlying mucosa. Maxillary artery branches should be taken into consideration during sinus lifting procedures and bone augmentation due to increased risk of bleeding by damaging the artery during the osteotomy. Computed tomography (CT) explores three-dimensional anatomic structures and provides complex and accurate information about them. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) offers an accurate view of the teeth and surrounding structures at high resolution, despite low-dose radiation used. In this study, the incidence of anatomical variations and sinus pathology were assessed using CBCT. The aim is to evaluate the presence of sinus pathology (sinus mucosal thickening, oro-antral communications, sinus tumors, cysts, polyps), presence and position of the posterior superior alveolar artery. These issues are important because they are about the limits of the dental implants in the posterior maxillary area. The presence of sinus pathology and anatomical variations may predispose to complications and even failures of implantation therapy.

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Anatomical Variations in the Pituitary Gland and Adjacent Structures in 225 Human Autopsy Cases

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1968.28.2.0093 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 93-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 261

Author(s):

Richard M. Bergland ◽

Bronson S. Ray ◽

Richard M. Torack

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Gland ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Adjacent Structures ◽

Human Autopsy

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Anatomical variations of the spinal accessory nerve and its relevance to level IIb lymph nodes

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1016/j.otohns.2009.07.005 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 141 (5) ◽

pp. 639-644 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Sang Hyuk Lee ◽

Jong Kyu Lee ◽

Sung Min Jin ◽

Jin Hwan Kim ◽

Il Seok Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Case Series ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Ventral Side ◽

Spinal Accessory Nerve ◽

Accessory Nerve ◽

Cervical Plexus ◽

Spinal Accessory ◽

Adjacent Structures ◽

Inferior Border

Objective: This study was conducted to identify anatomical variations of the spinal accessory nerve (SAN) in the upper neck, the landmark of the anterior and inferior border of level IIb, and to evaluate the nerve's effect on the border and the number of lymph nodes (LNs) in level IIb. Study Design and Setting: Case series with planned data collection. Subjects and Methods: A total of 181 neck dissections (NDs) were prospectively enrolled in this study. The relation between the SAN and adjacent structures (internal jugular vein [IJV], sternocleidomastoid muscle [SCM], cervical plexus) and the number of LNs in level IIb was investigated. Results: The SAN crossed the IJV ventrally in 72 cases (39.8%) and dorsally in 104 cases (57.4%), and passed through the IJV in five cases (2.8%). The SAN ran along the inner surface of the SCM and sent branches to the SCM without penetration of the muscle in 83 cases (45.9%), whereas in 98 cases (54.1%) the nerve sent branches to the SCM by penetration. Cervical plexus contribution to the SAN was seen from C2 in 96 cases (53.1%), C2 and C3 in 69 cases (38.1%), and C3 in 16 cases (8.8%). The mean number of LNs of level IIa and level IIb was 6.5 and 8.2 in cases in which the SAN crossed the IJV ventrally, and 6.8 and 5.4 in dorsally crossing cases. LNs included in the neck level IIb in ventrally crossing SAN cases were significantly larger than the dorsally crossing cases ( P < 0.05). Conclusions: Our results may help to minimize the incidence of injuring the SAN in the upper neck during ND. Neck level IIb would contain more LNs if the course of the nerve leans toward the ventral side.

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Definition, classification and morphometry of entrance of the bicipital groove and its associations with lesions of adjacent structures

10.21203/rs.3.rs-57253/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shiguo Yuan ◽

Yucong Zou ◽

Kai Zheng ◽

Xuecheng Huang ◽

Zhiwei Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biceps Brachii ◽

Articular Surface ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Imaging Study ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Bicipital Groove ◽

Bony Landmarks ◽

Adjacent Structures ◽

Study Results ◽

Long Head

Abstract Background The definition of the entrance of the bicipital groove (EBG) is still unclear, and the relationships between the EBG and lesions of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon (LBT) and biceps pulley complex (BPC) have long been controversial. The purpose of this anatomic and imaging study was to define the EBG and to examine morphological parameters, classifications, and their relationships with lesions of the LBT and BPC. Methods One hundred thirteen unpaired intact dry humeri, 34 cadaveric shoulder specimens and 278 shoulder images were collected, measured, and classified based on morphological characteristics. Soft tissue and bony landmarks of the EBG were classified into different types. The relationships between the types and lesions of the LBT and BPC were analyzed through an anatomic and imaging study. Results Type II, type A and type i of the EBG and type b of the adjacent articular surface accounted for most of the dry humeri, cadavers, and images. Based on the EBG classification in the superoinferior image view, all of the subluxations and dislocations were classified as type B (61/120, 50.83%; χ2 = 16.55, P < 0.001), and most LBT and BPC lesions were type B (65/117, 55.56%; χ2 = 26.05, P < 0.001). LBTs were injured in (χ2=, P < 0.001) 83.56% of type B, 100% of type C, and 95.83% of type iii EBGs (χ2 = 135.69, 31.89, all P < 0.001). Similarly, BPCs were injured in 89.04% of type B and 93.10% of type C EBGs (χ2 = 153.14, P < 0.001), while BPCs were injured in 95.8% of type iii EBGs (χ2 = 33.79, P < 0.001). Conclusions The EBG is an anatomical concept worthy of clinical attention. Anatomical variations in the EBG correlated with lesions of the LBT and BPC. LBT and BPC lesions correlated with type B and C EBGs by imaging analysis.

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The Anatomy and Anatomical Variations of the Round Window Prechamber and Their Implications on Cochlear Implantation: An Anatomical, Imaging, and Surgical Study

International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1698783 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (03) ◽

pp. e288-e298 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ahmed Mohamed Mehanna ◽

Moustafa Mohamed Abdelnaby ◽

Mohamed Eid

Keyword(s):

Cochlear Implant ◽

Cochlear Implantation ◽

Round Window ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Oval Window ◽

Radiological Anatomy ◽

Proper Understanding ◽

Carotid Canal ◽

Anatomical Imaging ◽

Adjacent Structures

Introduction Over the last decades, there has been a tremendous increase in the number of cochlear implant recipients and, consequently, there is a recent increase of interest in the proper understanding of the anatomy of the round window (RW), which is the most important anatomical land mark during cochlear implant surgery. Objectives The present study was undertaken to assess the detailed surgical and radiological anatomy of the RW prechamber; its shape, directions, measurements, common anatomic variations, and its relationships with different surrounding structures as related to cochlear implantation. Methods A total of 20 cadaveric specimens of human temporal bone were microscopically dissected for the anatomical assessment of the measurements of the RW and its relation to surrounding structures in the tympanum. A total of 20 patients were subjected to cochlear implantation, and a radiological and surgical assessment of the anatomy of their RW prechambers was performed. Results The distances between the RW and the facial canal (FC), the jugular fossa (JF), the carotid canal (CC), and the oval window (OW) were measured. Among the cases subjected to cochlear implantation, the infracochlear tunnel was studied radiologically; the lengths of the anterior and posterior pillars were assessed, and the relation with the direction at which the RW faces was statistically analyzed. Conclusions Proper understanding of the topographic anatomy of the RW, including its direction of opening and the distances from different adjacent structures in the tympanum, is essential for a successful cochlear implantation surgery, since it can help decision-making before the surgery and is useful to avoid many complications, such as misplaced electrode and iatrogenic injury to the surrounding structures.

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A Cadaveric Study of Needle Insertion at Pc6 in Eight Wrists of Four Subjects and An Understanding of the Anatomy

Acupuncture in Medicine ◽

10.1136/acupmed-2011-010092 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 44-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hyun Joo Oh ◽

Yee Kyoung Ko ◽

Sa Sun Cho ◽

Sang Pil Yoon

Keyword(s):

Median Nerve ◽

Clinical Importance ◽

Acupuncture Point ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Needle Insertion ◽

Flexor Digitorum Profundus ◽

Pronator Quadratus ◽

Adjacent Structures ◽

Median Artery ◽

Flexor Digitorum

The anatomical structures vulnerable to acupuncture around the PC6 acupuncture point were investigated. Needles were inserted in PC6 of eight wrists from four cadavers to a depth of 2 cm, the forearms were dissected and the adjacent structures around the path of the needles were observed. The needles passed between the tendons of the palmaris longus and flexor carpi radialis muscles and then penetrated the flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus and pronator quadratus muscles. The inserted needles were located adjacent to the median nerve. To minimise the risk of unintended injury by acupuncture, it is recommended that needles should not be inserted deeply at the PC6 acupuncture point. An understanding of the anatomical variations of the median nerve and the persistent median artery in the forearm is of clinical importance when performing acupuncture procedures.

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Anatomical variations of the sphenoid sinus and its adjacent structures: a review of existing literature

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy ◽

10.1007/s00276-013-1214-1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 419-427 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

B. Anusha ◽

A. Baharudin ◽

R. Philip ◽

S. Harvinder ◽

B. Mohd Shaffie

Keyword(s):

Sphenoid Sinus ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Adjacent Structures

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ANATOMICAL STUDY OF VARIATIONS IN THE ORIGIN OF SUPERIOR THYROID ARTERY

10.36106/ijar/9003648 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Prashant Munjamkar ◽

N. Y. Kamdi ◽

Anil Sahebrao Pungle

Keyword(s):

Carotid Artery ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Anatomical Study ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

External Carotid Artery ◽

External Carotid ◽

Superior Thyroid Artery ◽

Adjacent Structures ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Right

Background: The superior thyroid artery (STA) is the dominant arterial supply of the thyroid gland, larynx and the neck. Knowledge of these variations is crucial for decreasing morbidity during the surgeries. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the frequency of usual anatomical variations in the origin of STA in human cadavers. Method: The origin of STA was studied by dissecting hundred human carotid specimens obtained from the formalin embalmed cadavers who were allotted to the undergraduate students for dissection in the Department of Anatomy. Results: STA arose commonly from external carotid artery (ECA) in 71 cases (71%), arising directly from common carotid artery (CCA) in 24 (24%) cases whereas only in 5 specimens (5%) it was arising at the level of bifurcation of CCA. On the right side STA was originated from ECA in 31(43.7%) and on left side it was 40(56.3%). STA was originated at bifurcation level in 5(100%) cases on right side and on left side no case was observed (0%). On right side STA was originated from CCA in14 (58.3%) cases and on left side in 10(41.6%) cases. Conclusion: The wide range of variations of the STA on its origin, course, branching patterns and relationship with adjacent structures is a common phenomenon. Thus, the deep knowledge concerning the origin and branching pattern of STA is essential in enhancing precision and decreasing morbidity related to the surgical and interventional radiological head and neck procedures.

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Angiosome study of the first digital feet space, for reconstruction of the digital tip

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20192125 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 2034

Author(s):

Banegas Ruiz Rodrigo ◽

Espejel Blancas José Alejandro ◽

Baca Domínguez Carlos Rubén ◽

Campos Angulo Gerardo ◽

Luis Jesús Alejo Fuentes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Average Diameter ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

The Body ◽

Forensic Sciences ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Adjacent Structures ◽

Neurocutaneous Flap ◽

Teaching Area ◽

Adequate Tissue

Background: The concept of angiosome explains the anatomical variations that exist between the vessels of different regions of the body and helps to understand the contributions of arterial blood supply to the skin and adjacent structures, dividing the human body into three-dimensional vascular blocks.Methods: This was an observational and descriptive study. In both lower extremities of 5 corpses with adequate tissue preservation in the operating room attached to the teaching area of the National Institute of Forensic Sciences in Mexico City. Angiosome study of the medial neurocutaneous flap of the second toe of both feet was performed.Results: The average, in centimeters, of the surface of the flaps was 1.57 cm x 2.47 cm, the average diameter of the inter-metatarsal digital artery was 1.1 millimeters and the average diameter of the veins draining the angiosome was 1.4 millimeters. The most constant anatomy was that of the nerve, which was present in all cases, with the digital nerve forming the neurosome of the flap.Conclusions: To obtain optimal results in microsurgery transfers, it is necessary to have a technique that is quick for harvesting the flap and with adequate systematization so as not to injure the neurovascular bundle, this is achieved through complete anatomical knowledge, without forgetting the main variants.

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Urolithiasis due to renal dystopia and vascular anomalies

European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine ◽

10.15584/ejcem.2021.1.13 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 89-92

Author(s):

Anna Pliszka ◽

◽

Michał Kłos ◽

Klaudia Możdżeń ◽

Krzysztof Balawender ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endovascular Procedures ◽

Stone Formation ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Vascular Anomalies ◽

Case Description ◽

Female Cadaver ◽

Adjacent Structures ◽

Radiological Procedures

Introduction. Variations in the urogenital vascular anomalies in the abdomen are common. However, they warrant attention due to their importance in operative, diagnostic, and endovascular procedures. Aim. The aim of this article is to show an example of a patient with rare kidney and vessels anomalies. We want to prove that those anomalies contributed to development of urolithiasis in this case. Description of the case. During dissection of abdomen in a female cadaver, unique vascular anomalies and a position disorder of both kidneys were observed. Conclusion. Vessel abnormalities were congenital and appeared simultaneously with renal dystopia. Both anomalies could contribute to stone formation and nephritis. Understanding of the urogenital anatomical variations and their relations to adjacent structures is significant during surgical and radiological procedures.

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