scholarly journals A Consortium For Sharing Primary Materials

Anything Goes ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Primary Materials

Research on Chinese Contemporary Social Life

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780042110218
Author(s):  
Letian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Large Volume ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Personal Journey ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Primary Materials

In this article, Zhang first recounts his personal journey from being a “sent-down” youth to a returned researcher endeavoring to understand the logic and social fabric of the Chinese countryside during the collective era. He then demonstrates the interplay between internal and external forces that shaped and ultimately doomed the commune system. Finally, Zhang describes how he unexpectedly stumbled upon a large volume of personal letters soon after he founded the Center in 2011. Since then, with deliberate and unwavering effort, the Center has gathered a sizable collection of primary materials that provide invaluable insights into social life in China.1

Deportation of “Undesirable” Chinese in the Philippines, 1837–1882

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-246
Author(s):  
Jely Agamao Galang
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The State ◽  
Spanish Empire ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Primary Materials

Abstract Between 1837 and 1882, the Spanish colonial government in the Philippines deported “undesirable” Chinese—vagrants, drunkards, unemployed, idlers, pickpockets, undocumented, and the “suspicious”—to various parts of the archipelago. Deportation, in this context, refers to the transportation or banishment of individuals deemed “dangerous” by the state to different far-flung areas of the islands or outside the colony but still within the Spanish empire. Deportation primarily served as a form of punishment and a means to rehabilitate and improve the wayward lives of “criminals.” This paper examines the deportation of “undesirable” Chinese in the nineteenth-century Philippines. Using underutilized primary materials from various archives in Manila and Madrid, it interrogates the actors, institutions and processes involved in banishing such individuals. It argues that while deportation served its punitive and reformative functions, Spanish authorities also used it to advance their colonial project in the islands. Chinese deportees formed part of the labor supply the state used to populate the colony’s frontier areas and strengthen its control over its newly-acquired territories.

scholarly journals The Concept of Wasatiyyah in The Views of al-Zamakhshari and Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Tumin Tumin ◽  
Firman Mansir ◽  
Halim Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Western Countries ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
Theological Schools ◽  
Primary Materials ◽  
The Ideal

Bombings in the name of Islam, such as in Turkey, Indonesia, and the French have damaged the integrity of Islam. These acts of extremism are ubiquitous and lead to Islamophobia especially in western countries. While in fact, Islam has taught and promoted the concept of moderation (wasatiyyah) since its emergence in order to avoid extremism among humankind. One of the main underpinning verses in the Qur’an that talks about the concept of wasatiyyah is Surah Al-Baqarah, Verse 143. This paper explores two different views of theological schools, namely Al-Zamakhshari, who represents the Mu‘tazilites and Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, who represents the Ash’arites in dealing with the verse and its interpretations. In its analysis, the paper applied a theological approach to analyze the primary materials. It is expected that the findings will help in the implementation of the concept of moderation (Wasatiyyah) in the contemporary era. Finally, it will also serve as a guide on the ideal way of practicing Islam in order to eliminate and reduce extremism and foster peaceful co-existence between Muslims and adherents of other religions in the world.Pemboman atas nama Islam, seperti di Turki, Indonesia, dan Prancis telah merusak integritas Islam. Tindakan ekstremisme ini ada di mana-mana dan mengarah ke Islamofobia terutama di negara-negara barat. Padahal sebenarnya, Islam telah mengajarkan dan mempromosikan konsep moderasi (wasatiyyah) sejak kemunculannya untuk menghindari ekstremisme di antara umat manusia. Salah satu ayat utama yang mendasari dalam Al-Qur'an yang berbicara tentang konsep wasatiyyah adalah Surah Al-Baqarah, Ayat 143. Makalah ini mengeksplorasi dua pandangan yang berbeda dari sekolah-sekolah teologis, yaitu Al-Zamakhshari, yang mewakili Mu'tazilah dan Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, yang mewakili kaum Ash'ari dalam kaitannya dengan ayat dan interpretasinya. Dalam analisisnya, makalah ini menerapkan pendekatan teologis untuk menganalisis bahan-bahan primer. Diharapkan temuan ini akan membantu dalam penerapan konsep moderasi (wasatiyyah) di era kontemporer. Akhirnya, itu juga akan berfungsi sebagai panduan tentang cara ideal mempraktikkan Islam untuk menghilangkan dan mengurangi ekstrimisme dan menumbuhkan ko-eksistensi damai antara Muslim dan penganut agama lain di dunia.

scholarly journals Environmental Politics in the Himalayas: A Retrospective Overview of People’s Resistance to Protect their Rights Over Natural Resources

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Narayan Jena ◽  
Swagatika Parida
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Environmental Politics ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Local People ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Colonial Time ◽  
The Social ◽  
Primary Materials

This paper attempts to examine the fundamental reasons behind the constant battle of the local people of Uttarakhand over the Himalayan resources since the colonial time. It analyses both the social effects of the deliberate shifting of ownership of natural resources from the local people to government agencies and the ecological impact of dramatic conversion of natural forest into protected areas or reserve forests. Secondly, it questions the validity of such structural changes made by the governments to limit or restrict the local people’s access to the resources of the region. Here, the primary materials for this paper have been derived from the responses of the local people on the government’s shifting and developmental paradigm to substantiate the argument.

scholarly journals Bio-based construction materials for a sustainable future

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rijk Block ◽  
Barbara Kuit ◽  
Torsten Schröder ◽  
Patrick Teuffel
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Flax Fibres ◽  
The Past ◽  
Natural Building ◽  
Paris Climate Agreement ◽  
Primary Materials

<p>The structural engineering community has a strong responsibility to contribute to a more efficient use of natural resources. Nowadays the construction industry is by far the most resource intense industry sector, approximately 40-50% of all primary raw materials are used, which raises the question about the architects and engineer’s accountability. In this context and as a result of the Paris Climate agreement the Dutch government defined the program “Nederland Circulair in 2050”, which states the ambition to use 50% less primary materials in 2030 and to have a full circular economy in 2050.</p><p>One possible approach to achieve these ambitious goals is the application of renewable, bio-based materials in the built environment and to replace traditional, typically cement-based, materials. Already in the past natural building materials, such as timber and bamboo have been used widely, but in recent years new materials came up and provide new opportunities to be used in the construction industry. The authors explored various alternatives, such as hemp and flax fibres, mycelium and lignin-based fibres for composite materials, which will be described with various experimental and realised case studies.</p>

Content validity test on moss plant e-book media with Aiken formula

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Abdullah Muamar ◽  
Amin Retnoningsih ◽  
Yustinus Ulung Anggraito
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Validity Test ◽  
Feasibility Assessment ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Feasibility Test ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
Primary Materials ◽  
Expert Validation

Plantae material consists of three primary materials, namely moss, ferns, and seed plants. Moss plant material is difficult for students to understand. Hence, It is necessary to develop an e-book on moss plants that can provide learning solutions related to moss plant material. This study aims to measure the level of validity, feasibility assessment by High-School Biology Subject Teacher Forum (STF) in Semarang City, and student readability. The research and development method used is the 4-D development model. Several stages in the development research are define, design, develop and disseminate. The development stage includes expert validation, feasibility, and student readability tests. The research subjects are students of class X SMA N 12 Semarang. The data collection instruments are expert validation sheets, assessment sheets, and readability sheets. The analysis technique used is descriptive data analysis. The result of the e-book validity test for the material content, presentation, and language assessment aspects are 96% (very good), 96% (very good), and 94% (very good), respectively. The results of the assessment by learning media experts is 93% (very good). The e-book feasibility test by STF in Semarang is 95% (very good), and the e-book readability test is 90% (strongly agree). 

Behind the money: Alejandro González Iñárritu as career director

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Julian Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mass Culture ◽  
Television Drama ◽  
Feature Film ◽  
Feature Films ◽  
Primary Materials ◽  
Alejandro Gonzalez Inarritu

This article is presented in two halves. The first analyses little known interviews with Iñárritu before he made his career in feature films that document his practice in radio, advertising and television drama. These interviews focus on his early conception of the relation between art and commerce and his views on the Mexican media scene in the 1990s. The second half of the article analyses the rare primary materials themselves: radio commercials, television idents and, at much greater length, his first feature-length fiction film, an experimental drama made for Televisa in 1995 called Detrás del dinero/Behind the Money. The conclusion argues that even as Iñárritu has more recently distanced himself from broadcasting, his later career as an artistic and commercially successful feature film director embodies a precarious balance between artistic innovation and mass culture and a focus on the audience which he first learned in his early work in advertising, radio and television.

General Editor’s Note

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Morgenstern
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Literary Marketplace ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Primary Materials ◽  
Research Tools

In 1975, a contributor to the short-lived T. S. Eliot Review characterized the state of Eliot scholarship as an incomplete mosaic, with “the primary materials for research … either in jumbled disarray or missing entirely.” While a glut of memoirs “written by men Eliot assiduously avoided” flooded the literary marketplace, serious scholars lacked the “fundamental research tools” to fill in the gaps in the fragmentary tableau: “No ...

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