Nutritive Value of Urea Treated Wheat Straw Ensiled with or without Corn Steep Liquor for Lactating Nili-ravi Buffaloes

Abstract Background Oleaginous yeasts are promising microbial platforms for sustainable, bio-based production of biofuels and oleochemical building blocks. Bio-based residues provide sustainable and cost-effective carbon sources for fermentative yeast oil production without land-use change. Considering the regional abundancy of different waste streams, we chose complex biomass residue streams of marine origin; macroalgae hydrolysate, and terrestrial origin; wheat straw hydrolysate in the presence, and absence of corn steep liquor as a complex nitrogen source. We investigated the biomass and lipid yields of an array of well-described oleaginous yeasts; R. glutinis, T. asahii, R. mucilaginosa, R. toruloides, C. oleaginosus growing on these hydrolysates. Furthermore, their sugar utilization, fatty acid profile, and inhibitory effect of the hydrolysates on yeast growth were compared. For correlative reference, we initially performed comparative growth experiments for the strains on individual monomeric sugars separately. Each of these monomeric sugars was a dominant carbon source in the complex biomass hydrolysates evaluated in this study. In addition, we evaluated N-acetylglucosamine, the monomeric building block of chitin, as a low-cost nitrogen and carbon source in yeast fermentation. Results C. oleaginosus provided the highest biomass and lipid yields. In the wheat straw and brown algae hydrolysates, this yeast strain gained 7.5 g/L and 3.8 g/L lipids, respectively. Cultivation in algae hydrolysate resulted in a higher level of unsaturated fatty acids in the lipids accumulated by all yeast strains. R. toruloides and C. oleaginosus were able to effectively co-utilize mannitol, glucose, and xylose. Growth rates on wheat straw hydrolysate were enhanced in presence of corn steep liquor. Conclusions Among the yeast strains investigated in this study, C. oleaginosus proved to be the most versatile strain in terms of substrate utilization, productivity, and tolerance in the complex media. Various fatty acid profiles obtained on each substrate encourage the manipulation of culture conditions to achieve the desired fatty acid composition for each application. This could be accomplished by combining the element of carbon source with other formerly studied factors such as temperature and oxygen. Moreover, corn steep liquor showed promise for enhancement of growth in the oleaginous strains provided that carbon substrate is available.

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Influence of ad libitum feeding of urea-treated wheat straw with or without corn steep liquor on intake, in situ digestion kinetics, nitrogen metabolism, and nutrient digestion in Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar02236 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 229 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Mahr-un-Nisa ◽

M. Sarwar ◽

M. Ajmal Khan

Keyword(s):

Wheat Straw ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Corn Steep Liquor ◽

Latin Square ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Nutrient Loss ◽

Acid Detergent Fibre ◽

N Metabolism ◽

Digestion Kinetics ◽

Steep Liquor

Influence of different levels of corn steep liquor (CSL) on chemical composition of urea-treated wheat straw (UTWS), feed intake, ruminal characteristics, digestion kinetics, nitrogen (N) metabolism, and nutrient digestibility by ruminally cannulated buffalo bulls was studied using 4 × 4 Latin square design. Wheat straw was treated with 5% urea and ensiled with 0, 3, 6, and 9% CSL on a dry matter (DM) basis and was ensiled in laboratory silos for 5, 10, and 15 days. Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) contents of UTWS ensiled with 0, 3, 6, and 9% CSL were 74.01, 76.16, 77.34, and 78.93%, respectively. Acid detergent fibre (ADF), cellulose, and lignin were similar across treatments. The increase in NDF content was due to increased neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN), as when NDF was calculated on crude protein (CP)-free basis (NDF – NDIN × 6.25), its concentration was same for UTWS ensiled with or without CSL. Four diets were formulated to contain 20% concentrate and 80% UTWS ensiled with or without CSL. Dry matter, digestible DM, organic matter (OM), CP, ADF, and NDF intakes were higher in bulls fed UTWS ensiled with CSL. Significant increases in both DM disappearance and rate of disappearance and a reduction in lag time of UTWS ensiled with CSL was noticed. There were significant differences in ruminal ammonia concentrations between diets containing UTWS ensiled with or without CSL at 3, 6, and 12 h postprandial. Higher digestibilities for DM, OM, CP, ADF, and NDF were noted with UTWS ensiled with CSL. Nitrogen balance was positive for all animals; however, the animals fed UTWS ensiled with CSL retained higher amount of N. These results indicated that CSL was very effective in enhancing the utilisation of ammoniated straw for buffaloes by minimising the nutrient loss at ruminal and cellular levels.

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Influence of Corn Steep Liquor on Feeding Value of Urea Treated Wheat Straw in Buffaloes Fed at Restricted Diets

Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences ◽

10.5713/ajas.2006.1610 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 19 (11) ◽

pp. 1610-1616 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mahr-un-Nisa ◽

M. Ajmal Khan ◽

M. Sarwar ◽

W. S. Lee ◽

H. J. Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wheat Straw ◽

Corn Steep Liquor ◽

Feeding Value ◽

Steep Liquor

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Effect of organic acids or fermentable carbohydrates on digestibility and nitrogen utilisation of urea-treated wheat straw in buffalo bulls

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar03044 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 223 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

M. Sarwar ◽

M. Ajmal Khan ◽

Mahr-un-Nisa

Keyword(s):

Organic Acids ◽

Wheat Straw ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Corn Steep Liquor ◽

Latin Square ◽

Post Feeding ◽

Acid Detergent Fibre ◽

Fermentable Carbohydrates ◽

Digestion Kinetics ◽

Steep Liquor

Influence of urea treated wheat straw (UTWS) ensiled with organic acids and fermentable carbohydrates on ruminal parameters, digestion kinetics, digestibility, and nitrogen (N) balance was studied in Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls fed restricted diets. Four diets having 50% UTWS ensiled with acetic acid (AD), formic acid (FD), acidified molasses (MD), and corn steep liquor (CD) were fed to ruminally cannulated bulls in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Higher ruminal ammonia N at 3 h post feeding was observed with AD and FD diets; however, at 9 and 12 h post feeding it was higher with MD and CD diets. Ruminal total volatile fatty acids and acetate concentrations were significantly higher with MD and CD diets than AD and FD diets. The ruminal degradability, rate of disappearance, and lag time of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) were statistically higher with MD and CD diets than AD and FD diets. Total bacterial, viable, and cellulolytic ruminal counts were significantly higher in bulls fed CD and MD diets than AD and CD diets. The digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and acid detergent fibre was significantly higher in bulls fed CD and MD diets than AD and FD diets. The N retained out of N intake was higher in bulls fed CD and MD diets than those fed AD and FD diets. This study indicated that the UTWS ensiled with fermentable carbohydrates is of better feeding value for ruminants than UTWS ensiled with organic acids.

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Effects of Organic Fertilizer on Bok Choy Growth and Quality in Hydroponic Cultures

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11030491 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 491

Author(s):

Kazuki Kano ◽

Hiroaki Kitazawa ◽

Keitaro Suzuki ◽

Ani Widiastuti ◽

Hiromitsu Odani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Root ◽

Oxygen Deficiency ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Corn Steep Liquor ◽

Ascorbic Acid Content ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽

Nitrogen Ratio ◽

Steep Liquor

Effects of corn steep liquor (organic fertilizer, OF) and conventional chemical fertilizer (CF) on the growth and yield of bok choy (Brassica rapa var. chinensis) in summer and autumn hydroponic growing systems were compared. When OF and CF were applied with the same amount of total nitrogen in summer cultivation, there was no significant difference between yields; however, the growth rate in OF was slower than in CF. When OF was applied with twice the amount of nitrogen in CF (OF2), bok choy growth and yield were significantly inhibited in summer cultivation, likely owing to dissolved oxygen deficiency and different rates of nitrification and nitrogen absorbance by the plant root. Although the contents of potassium, calcium, and magnesium in bok choy showed no difference among the three treatments in both cultivation seasons, the carbon/nitrogen ratio tended to be higher in OF and OF2 than in CF. Lower nitric acid and higher ascorbic acid content was found in OF and OF2 than in CF. Overall, our results suggest that a comparable yield is expected by using the same nitrogen amount with a conventional recipe of chemical fertilization in autumn cultivation. However, further improvement of hydroponic management is needed in summer cultivation.

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Effects of corn steep liquor on β-poly(l-malic acid) production in Aureobasidium melanogenum

AMB Express ◽

10.1186/s13568-020-01147-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Genan Wang ◽

Bingyi Shi ◽

Pan Zhang ◽

Tingbin Zhao ◽

Haisong Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Malic Acid ◽

Low Cost ◽

Corn Steep Liquor ◽

Enrichment Analysis ◽

Tca Cycle ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

The Tca Cycle ◽

Steep Liquor ◽

Aureobasidium Melanogenum

Abstractβ-poly(l-malic acid) (PMLA) is a water-soluble biopolymer used in medicine, food, and other industries. However, the low level of PMLA biosynthesis in microorganisms limits its further application in the biotechnological industry. In this study, corn steep liquor (CSL), which processes high nutritional value and low-cost characteristics, was selected as a growth factor to increase the PMLA production in strain, Aureobasidium melanogenum, and its metabolomics change under the CSL addition was investigated. The results indicated that, with 3 g/L CSL, PMLA production, cell growth, and yield (Yp/x) were increased by 32.76%, 41.82%, and 47.43%, respectively. The intracellular metabolites of A. melanogenum, such as amino acids, organic acids, and key intermediates in the TCA cycle, increased after the addition of CSL, and the enrichment analysis showed that tyrosine may play a major role in the PMLA biosynthesis. The results presented in this study demonstrated that the addition of CSL would be an efficient approach to improve PMLA production.

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Improving the intake and nutritive value of wheat straw for beef cows

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/0377-8401(85)90058-6 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 125-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D.B. Faulkner ◽

G.L. Llamas ◽

J.K. Ward ◽

T.J. Klopfenstein

Keyword(s):

Wheat Straw ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Beef Cows

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Production of 1,3-propanediol by Clostridium beijerinckii DSM 791 from crude glycerol and corn steep liquor: Process optimization and metabolic engineering

Bioresource Technology ◽

10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.020 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 212 ◽

pp. 100-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Daiana Wischral ◽

Jianzhi Zhang ◽

Chi Cheng ◽

Meng Lin ◽

Lucas Monteiro Galotti De Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Engineering ◽

Process Optimization ◽

Crude Glycerol ◽

Corn Steep Liquor ◽

Clostridium Beijerinckii ◽

Steep Liquor

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Synthesis of the Microbial Polysaccharide Gellan from Dairy and Plant-Based Processing Coproducts

Polysaccharides ◽

10.3390/polysaccharides2020016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 234-244

Author(s):

Thomas P. West

Keyword(s):

Corn Steep Liquor ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Soluble Starch ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Production Costs ◽

Microbial Polysaccharide ◽

Steep Liquor ◽

The Cost ◽

Condensed Distillers Solubles

This review examines the production of the microbial polysaccharide gellan, synthesized by Sphingomonas elodea, on dairy and plant-based processing coproducts. Gellan is a water-soluble gum that structurally exists as a tetrasaccharide comprised of 20% glucuronic acid, 60% glucose and 20% rhamnose, for which various food, non-food and biomedical applications have been reported. A number of carbon and nitrogen sources have been tested to determine whether they can support bacterial gellan production, with several studies attempting to optimize gellan production by varying the culture conditions. The genetics of the biosynthesis of gellan has been explored in a number of investigations and specific genes have been identified that encode the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of this polysaccharide. Genetic mutants exhibiting overproduction of gellan have also been identified and characterized. Several dairy and plant-based processing coproducts have been screened to learn whether they can support the production of gellan in an attempt to lower the cost of synthesizing the microbial polysaccharide. Of the processing coproducts explored, soluble starch as a carbon source supported the highest gellan production by S. elodea grown at 30 °C. The corn processing coproducts corn steep liquor or condensed distillers solubles appear to be effective nitrogen sources for gellan production. It was concluded that further research on producing gellan using a combination of processing coproducts could be an effective solution in lowering its overall production costs.

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