Effect of organic acids or fermentable carbohydrates on digestibility and nitrogen utilisation of urea-treated wheat straw in buffalo bulls

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sarwar ◽  
M. Ajmal Khan ◽  
Mahr-un-Nisa
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates ◽  
Digestion Kinetics ◽  
Steep Liquor

Influence of urea treated wheat straw (UTWS) ensiled with organic acids and fermentable carbohydrates on ruminal parameters, digestion kinetics, digestibility, and nitrogen (N) balance was studied in Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls fed restricted diets. Four diets having 50% UTWS ensiled with acetic acid (AD), formic acid (FD), acidified molasses (MD), and corn steep liquor (CD) were fed to ruminally cannulated bulls in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Higher ruminal ammonia N at 3 h post feeding was observed with AD and FD diets; however, at 9 and 12 h post feeding it was higher with MD and CD diets. Ruminal total volatile fatty acids and acetate concentrations were significantly higher with MD and CD diets than AD and FD diets. The ruminal degradability, rate of disappearance, and lag time of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) were statistically higher with MD and CD diets than AD and FD diets. Total bacterial, viable, and cellulolytic ruminal counts were significantly higher in bulls fed CD and MD diets than AD and CD diets. The digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and acid detergent fibre was significantly higher in bulls fed CD and MD diets than AD and FD diets. The N retained out of N intake was higher in bulls fed CD and MD diets than those fed AD and FD diets. This study indicated that the UTWS ensiled with fermentable carbohydrates is of better feeding value for ruminants than UTWS ensiled with organic acids.

Influence of ad libitum feeding of urea-treated wheat straw with or without corn steep liquor on intake, in situ digestion kinetics, nitrogen metabolism, and nutrient digestion in Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahr-un-Nisa ◽  
M. Sarwar ◽  
M. Ajmal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
Digestion Kinetics ◽  
Steep Liquor

Influence of different levels of corn steep liquor (CSL) on chemical composition of urea-treated wheat straw (UTWS), feed intake, ruminal characteristics, digestion kinetics, nitrogen (N) metabolism, and nutrient digestibility by ruminally cannulated buffalo bulls was studied using 4 × 4 Latin square design. Wheat straw was treated with 5% urea and ensiled with 0, 3, 6, and 9% CSL on a dry matter (DM) basis and was ensiled in laboratory silos for 5, 10, and 15 days. Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) contents of UTWS ensiled with 0, 3, 6, and 9% CSL were 74.01, 76.16, 77.34, and 78.93%, respectively. Acid detergent fibre (ADF), cellulose, and lignin were similar across treatments. The increase in NDF content was due to increased neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN), as when NDF was calculated on crude protein (CP)-free basis (NDF – NDIN × 6.25), its concentration was same for UTWS ensiled with or without CSL. Four diets were formulated to contain 20% concentrate and 80% UTWS ensiled with or without CSL. Dry matter, digestible DM, organic matter (OM), CP, ADF, and NDF intakes were higher in bulls fed UTWS ensiled with CSL. Significant increases in both DM disappearance and rate of disappearance and a reduction in lag time of UTWS ensiled with CSL was noticed. There were significant differences in ruminal ammonia concentrations between diets containing UTWS ensiled with or without CSL at 3, 6, and 12 h postprandial. Higher digestibilities for DM, OM, CP, ADF, and NDF were noted with UTWS ensiled with CSL. Nitrogen balance was positive for all animals; however, the animals fed UTWS ensiled with CSL retained higher amount of N. These results indicated that CSL was very effective in enhancing the utilisation of ammoniated straw for buffaloes by minimising the nutrient loss at ruminal and cellular levels.

Effect of amount of rumen degradable protein on the utilization of wheat straw by Dohne Merino wethers

2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-326
Author(s):  
J. van E. Nolte ◽  
A.V. Ferreirat ◽  
H.H. Köster
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Efficiency ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Degradable Protein

AbstractA 5 ✕ 5 Latin square was conducted with ruminally and duodenally cannulated Dohne Merino wethers consuming wheat straw to determine the effect of different rumen degradable protein (RDP) levels on forage intake, fermentation characteristics, nutrient flow and digestion. The wethers had ad libitum access to water and wheat straw (32 g crude protein (CP) per kg dry matter (DM); 742 g neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) per kg DM) that was offered twice daily, immediately after intraruminal infusion of the supplements at 07:00 and 19:00 h. The supplemental RDP (calcium caseinate; 900 g CP per kg DM) levels were: 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 g/day. Each period consisted of 14 days of adaptation and 6 days of sampling. Forage and total organic matter (OM) intakes increased in a linear manner (P < 0•01) with increasing supplemental RDP levels. Digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) displayed a quadratic increase with elevated amounts of RDP (P < 0•01). The effects of treatments on rumen and total tract digestion, as well as fluid dilution rate were minimal. Microbial nitrogen (MN) flow to the duodenum and microbial efficiency increased quadratically (P < 0•04) with increased RDP supplementation. Rumen ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentrations increased linearly (P < 0•01) and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) tended to increase linearly (P = 0•07). In conclusion, RDP supplementation to Dohne Merino wethers consuming wheat straw generally enhanced rumen fermentation and forage intake. A total RDP intake (sources: calcium caseinate and wheat straw) of 3•30 g/kg M0•75 or 0•12 of DOM maximized DOMI.

Apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation and nitrogen balance in Tibetan and fine-wool sheep offered forage-concentrate diets differing in nitrogen concentration

2015 ◽  
Vol 153 (6) ◽  
pp. 1135-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. ZHOU ◽  
J. D. MI ◽  
A. A. DEGEN ◽  
X. S. GUO ◽  
H. C. WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Tibetan Sheep ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

SUMMARYA comparative study of the effect of dietary nitrogen (N) content [Low: 11·0; Medium-Low (MLow): 16·7; Medium-High (Mhigh): 23·1; High: 29·2 N g/kg dry matter (DM)] on apparent digestibilities, rumen fermentation and N balance was conducted in coarse wool Tibetan sheep and Gansu Alpine fine-wool sheep at Wushaoling in the northeast of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. It was hypothesized that responses would differ between breeds and that responses would favour Tibetan over fine-wool sheep at low N intakes. Eight wethers [four Tibetan sheep and four fine-wool sheep, 20–24 months old; body weight ± standard deviation was 52 ± 3·2 kg] were used in two concurrent 4 × 4 Latin square designs. Dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre digestibilities were higher in Tibetan than fine-wool sheep when fed the Low, MLow and High N diets while N retention was higher when the animals were fed the Low and MLow N diets. Tibetan sheep had a higher rumen pH than fine-wool sheep; however, total volatile fatty acids were similar between breeds. Molar proportions of acetate were higher but propionate and butyrate lower in Tibetan than fine-wool sheep. In addition, Tibetan sheep had higher concentrations of ruminal free amino acid-N and soluble protein-N than fine-wool sheep. Plasma and saliva urea-N concentrations were higher in Tibetan than fine-wool sheep when supplied with the Low N diet. It was concluded that Tibetan sheep were better able to cope with low N feed than fine-wool sheep because of the higher N retention and higher DM and fibre digestibilities with Low and MLow diets.

Effects of urea and saccharose on intake and digestion of a Digitaria decumbens hay by black belly sheep

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Archimède ◽  
G. Aumont ◽  
G. Saminadin| ◽  
E. Deprès ◽  
P. Despois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ruminal Bacteria ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractEffects of incorporation of urea and saccharose in diets, on intake and digestion by sheep of a 35-day-old pangola (Digitaria decumbens) hay, have been studied according to a 4 × 4 Latin-square design. Sixteen rams were given four diets: hay (C); hay plus urea (U, 23 g/kg hay); hay plus saccharose (S, 60 g/kg hay), hay plus urea and saccharose (SU). Acid-detergent fibre and crude protein (CP) content of the roughage were 395 and 78 g/kg dry matter (DM) respectively. Intake of hay (g DM per kg live weight0.75), supplemented with urea and sugar (42⋅9), was lower (F < 0.05) than with other diets (47.2, s.e. 1.6). The organic matter (OM) total tract and ruminal digestibility of the diet C, S, U and SU were 0.622, 0.590, 0.615 and 0.587 (s.e. 0.007); 0.361, 0.380, 0.378 and 0.345 (s.e. 0.015) respectively. Effective degradation and nylon bag kinetics of DM degradation were higher with U and SU compared with S or C. Few differences were observed between diets for ruminal concentration of volatile fatty acids. The ruminal ammonia concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) for the diets with urea than without urea (78 v. 215 mg/l). The efficiencies of the microbial synthesis (g nitrogen per kg OM fermented in the rumen) were, 23.6, 22.4, 24.9 and 29.3 (s.e. 1.7) for the diets C, U, S and SU respectively.Even though additional urea increased nitrogen availability for ruminal bacteria, urea supplementation did not affect significantly intake or digestion of the pangola hay of medium CP content used in this experiment.

scholarly journals Addition of molasses, corn steep liquor, and rice polish as economical sources to enhance the fungal biomass production of wheat straw by Arachniotus sp.

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 332-336
Author(s):  
Faisal SHAHZAD ◽  
Muhammad ABDULLAH ◽  
Abdul Shakoor CHAUDHRY ◽  
Abu Saeed HASHMI ◽  
Jalees Ahmed BHATTI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Steep Liquor

Digestion in the rumen of lactating dairy cows given mixtures of urea-treated whole-crop wheat and grass silage

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Abdalla ◽  
J. D. Sutton ◽  
R. H. Phipps ◽  
D. J. Humphries
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates ◽  
Urea Inclusion

AbstractTo measure the effect of partially replacing grass silage with urea-treated whole-crop wheat (WCW) four multiparous Holstein/Friesian lactating cows fitted with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were offered four diets in a Latin-square experiment. Grass silage (GS) was produced from the primary growth of a perennial ryegrass sward. Spring wheat (cv. Axona) was harvested at 603 g dry matter (DM) per kg and preserved with 20 (WCW-20) or 40 (WCW-40) kg urea per t DM. The diets were 6 kg DM of a dairy concentrate daily with one of four forages offered ad libitum The forage treatments were GS alone, a 2: 1 DM ratio of GS with WCW-40 (2: 1 40), or a 1: 2 DM ratio of GS with WCW-20 (1: 2 20) or WCW-40 (1: 2 40). Each period lasted 4 weeks with rumen and duodenal samples being taken on 2 days in the last week. Concentrations of milk fat and protein were increased by WCW inclusion. The digestibility in the rumen of DM, organic matter (OM) neutral-detergent fibre (NDF), acid-detergent fibre and starch fell with increasing WCW-40 inclusion in the diet. Flow of starch and non-ammonia nitrogen to the duodenum increased with WCW inclusion. It was estimated that the amounts of OM, starch, NDF and nitrogen digested post ruminally increased with WCW. With WCW there were increases in the rumen in the ratio of acetic acid plus n-butyric acid to propionic acid and in ammonia concentrations. The level of urea inclusion had no significant effects on rumen digestion. It is concluded that the large reduction in the contribution of the rumen to total OM digestion when WCW partially replaces grass silage may have implications for calculations of metabolizable protein supplies to animals given such diets. Possible means to improve food utilization include processing of the wheat grains and inclusion of readily fermentable carbohydrates in the diet to facilitate the utilization of the rumen ammonia.

Bench-scale study using PVA gel as a biocarrier in a UASB reactor treating corn steep liquor wastewater

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Zhang ◽  
K. Furukawa ◽  
J.D. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Granule Formation ◽  
Gel Beads ◽  
Pva Gel ◽  
Steep Liquor

PVA-gel beads were used as a biocarrier for treatment of corn steep liquor wastewater containing high levels of volatile fatty acids (VFA), where retention of biomass could be either solely in the porous microstructure of the gel or by granule formation using a gel bead as a nucleus. With stable COD removal efficiencies of 90% or greater, continuous treatment was demonstrated over a four month period, with organic loading rates being increased stepwise from 2.5 to 22.5 kg COD/m3 d. In addition, VFA in the effluent were, with few exceptions maintained close to zero. Gas production increased over the course of the study and reached a level of 0.38 m3/kg COD consisting of 65% methane with the remainder being mostly carbon dioxide. Biomass granules containing methane producing bacteria progressively formed around the PVA-gel beads during the study. In contrast, very few small natural granules developed apart from PVA-gel nuclei indicating that PVA gel may serve well as a seeding material to enhance granulation when natural occurrence is lacking.

Intake and digestibility of alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated wheat straw-alfalfa hay combinations fed to sheep

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-378
Author(s):  
D. G. Atwell ◽  
N. R. Merchen ◽  
E. H. Jaster ◽  
G. C. Fahey Jr. ◽  
L. L. Berger
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Dietary Components

A 5 × 5 Latin square experiment utilizing mature wethers (78 kg) was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding combinations of alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated wheat straw (AHP-WS) and alfalfa hay on intake and nutrient digestibility. Diets consisted of an 80:20 forage to concentrate ratio on a dry matter (DM) basis. Dietary designations were based on ratios of AHP-WS: alfalfa hay in the diet. Quadratic responses (P < 0.05) were noted for both DM intake (DMI) as a percentage of body weight and organic matter intake (OMI) expressed as g d−1. Greater DMI and OMI were noted when wethers were fed diets containing combinations of AHP-WS and alfalfa (40:40 and 20:60) than when fed those containing AHP-WS or alfalfa as the sole forage (80:0 or 0:80). No effects of diet on digestibilities of dietary components were observed, with digestibility of DM and OM averaging 67 and 69%, respectively, across diets. Wethers consumed greater amounts of digestible OM when fed combinations of the two forages than when either was fed alone. Molar proportions of all ruminal volatile fatty acids (VFA) except acetate responded in a quadratic (P < 0.05) manner due to diet. Molar proportion of propionate decreased while molar proportions of other VFA increased with increasing level of alfalfa. Ruminal liquid and particulate dilution rates were not affected by diet. Time spent ruminating by sheep was increased linearly (P < 0.05) by inclusion of alfalfa hay in the diet. Favorable comparisons of AHP-WS to high quality alfalfa hay demonstrate the effectiveness of the AHP treatment process to enhance the nutritive value of WS. Key words: Intake, digestibility, treated wheat straw, alfalfa, sheep

scholarly journals Oleaginous yeasts- substrate preference and lipid productivity: a view on the performance of microbial lipid producers

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pariya Shaigani ◽  
Dania Awad ◽  
Veronika Redai ◽  
Monika Fuchs ◽  
Martina Haack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Yeast Fermentation ◽  
Oleaginous Yeasts ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Wheat Straw Hydrolysate ◽  
Steep Liquor

Abstract Background Oleaginous yeasts are promising microbial platforms for sustainable, bio-based production of biofuels and oleochemical building blocks. Bio-based residues provide sustainable and cost-effective carbon sources for fermentative yeast oil production without land-use change. Considering the regional abundancy of different waste streams, we chose complex biomass residue streams of marine origin; macroalgae hydrolysate, and terrestrial origin; wheat straw hydrolysate in the presence, and absence of corn steep liquor as a complex nitrogen source. We investigated the biomass and lipid yields of an array of well-described oleaginous yeasts; R. glutinis, T. asahii, R. mucilaginosa, R. toruloides, C. oleaginosus growing on these hydrolysates. Furthermore, their sugar utilization, fatty acid profile, and inhibitory effect of the hydrolysates on yeast growth were compared. For correlative reference, we initially performed comparative growth experiments for the strains on individual monomeric sugars separately. Each of these monomeric sugars was a dominant carbon source in the complex biomass hydrolysates evaluated in this study. In addition, we evaluated N-acetylglucosamine, the monomeric building block of chitin, as a low-cost nitrogen and carbon source in yeast fermentation. Results C. oleaginosus provided the highest biomass and lipid yields. In the wheat straw and brown algae hydrolysates, this yeast strain gained 7.5 g/L and 3.8 g/L lipids, respectively. Cultivation in algae hydrolysate resulted in a higher level of unsaturated fatty acids in the lipids accumulated by all yeast strains. R. toruloides and C. oleaginosus were able to effectively co-utilize mannitol, glucose, and xylose. Growth rates on wheat straw hydrolysate were enhanced in presence of corn steep liquor. Conclusions Among the yeast strains investigated in this study, C. oleaginosus proved to be the most versatile strain in terms of substrate utilization, productivity, and tolerance in the complex media. Various fatty acid profiles obtained on each substrate encourage the manipulation of culture conditions to achieve the desired fatty acid composition for each application. This could be accomplished by combining the element of carbon source with other formerly studied factors such as temperature and oxygen. Moreover, corn steep liquor showed promise for enhancement of growth in the oleaginous strains provided that carbon substrate is available.

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