scholarly journals Synthesis of the Microbial Polysaccharide Gellan from Dairy and Plant-Based Processing Coproducts

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-244
Author(s):  
Thomas P. West
Keyword(s):  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Microbial Polysaccharide ◽  
Steep Liquor ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Condensed Distillers Solubles

This review examines the production of the microbial polysaccharide gellan, synthesized by Sphingomonas elodea, on dairy and plant-based processing coproducts. Gellan is a water-soluble gum that structurally exists as a tetrasaccharide comprised of 20% glucuronic acid, 60% glucose and 20% rhamnose, for which various food, non-food and biomedical applications have been reported. A number of carbon and nitrogen sources have been tested to determine whether they can support bacterial gellan production, with several studies attempting to optimize gellan production by varying the culture conditions. The genetics of the biosynthesis of gellan has been explored in a number of investigations and specific genes have been identified that encode the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of this polysaccharide. Genetic mutants exhibiting overproduction of gellan have also been identified and characterized. Several dairy and plant-based processing coproducts have been screened to learn whether they can support the production of gellan in an attempt to lower the cost of synthesizing the microbial polysaccharide. Of the processing coproducts explored, soluble starch as a carbon source supported the highest gellan production by S. elodea grown at 30 °C. The corn processing coproducts corn steep liquor or condensed distillers solubles appear to be effective nitrogen sources for gellan production. It was concluded that further research on producing gellan using a combination of processing coproducts could be an effective solution in lowering its overall production costs.

Aerobic degradation 2,4-dinitrotoluene: effect of raw organic wastes and nitrogen amendment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osekhokhune E Okozide ◽  
Sunday Adekunle Adebusoye ◽  
Oluwafemi Sunday Obayori
Keyword(s):  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Nitrogen Amendment ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Steep Liquor ◽  
The Cost

Abstract 2,4-Dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), a major by-product of the synthesis of 2,4,6- trinitrotoluene, is widely used as a waterproofing, plasticizing and gelatinizing agent in propellants and explosives. Due to its toxicity, the compound is treated as a priority pollutant. Therefore, its removal from contaminated systems is a major focus of research and attention. Contaminated sites in Ibadan, Nigeria were screened for the presence of 2,4,-DNT degrading organisms. The technique of continual enrichment on NACs yielded bacterial isolates able to utilize 2,4-DNT as growth substrate. Based on phenotypic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing one of the isolates selected for further study was identified as Proteus sp. strain OSES2. Growth of the strain on 2,4-DNT resulted in exponential increase in biomass and complete substrate utilization within 72 h accompanied with NO 3 - elimination. Degradation competence enhanced in the presence of Corn steep liquor, molasses and Tween 80 compared to incubation without amendment. Conversely, amendment with nitrogen sources yielded no significant improvement in degradation. Use of this organism organic wastes as candidates in bioremediation strategy should be exploited. This would provide a cheaper organic source supplement for cleanup purposes with the ultimate aim of reducing the cost of bioremediation while reducing wastes intended for landfill.

scholarly journals Effect of Culture Conditions on the Production of an Extracellular Protease by Bacillus sp. Isolated from Soil Sample of Lavizan Jungle Park

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Akhavan Sepahy ◽  
Leila Jabalameli
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Protease Production ◽  
North East ◽  
Steep Liquor

Soil samples of Tehran jungle parks were screened for proteolytic Bacilli. Among eighteen protease producers one of the isolates obtained from Lavizan park, in north east of Tehran, was selected for further experimental studies. This isolate was identified as Bacillus sp. strain CR-179 based on partial sequencing of 16S rRNA. Various nutritional and environmental parameters affected protease production by Bacillus sp. strain CR-179. Protease production by this Bacillus cultivated in liquid cultures reached a maximum at 24 h, with levels of 340.908 U/mL. Starch and maltose were the best substrates for enzyme production while some pure sugars such as fructose, glucose, and sucrose could not influence production of protease. Among various organic nitrogen sources corn steep liquor, which is commercial, was found as the best substrate followed by yeast extract, whey protein, and beef extract. The optimal pH and optimal temperature of enzyme production were 8.0 and 45°C, respectively. Studies on enzymatic characterization revealed that crude protease showed maximum activity at pH 9.0 and 60°C, which is indicating the enzyme to be thermoalkaline protease.

scholarly journals Culture conditions for production of 2-1-β-D-Fructan-fructanohydrolase in solid culturing on chicory (Cichorium intybus) roots

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Pandey ◽  
Poomarathil Kavita ◽  
Ponniah Selvakumar
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Enzyme Formation ◽  
Steep Liquor ◽  
Chicory Roots

Investigations were carried out to optimize the culture conditions for the production of b-D-fructan-fructanohydrolase by an indigenously isolated bacterial culture of Staphylococcus sp. RRL8. Experiments were carried out in solid culturing using chicory roots (powdered) as the source of carbon, which was supplemented, with corn steep liquor and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. A number of process parameters, like period of cultivation, initial moisture content in the substrate and temperature of incubation were optimized. Maximum extra-cellular enzyme was produced when fermentation was carried out at 30ºC for 24 h using chicory roots with 60% initial moisture. Supplementation of the substrate with additional carbon source (except with sucrose) resulted decreased enzyme titres, which indicated that the strain was partially depressive. Addition of external nitrogen sources (in addition to corn steep liquor) also failed to stimulate enzyme formation; rather exerted harmful impact on bacterial culture of Staphylococcus sp. RRL8.

scholarly journals Effects of corn steep liquor on β-poly(l-malic acid) production in Aureobasidium melanogenum

AMB Express ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Genan Wang ◽  
Bingyi Shi ◽  
Pan Zhang ◽  
Tingbin Zhao ◽  
Haisong Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
The Tca Cycle ◽  
Steep Liquor ◽  
Aureobasidium Melanogenum

Abstractβ-poly(l-malic acid) (PMLA) is a water-soluble biopolymer used in medicine, food, and other industries. However, the low level of PMLA biosynthesis in microorganisms limits its further application in the biotechnological industry. In this study, corn steep liquor (CSL), which processes high nutritional value and low-cost characteristics, was selected as a growth factor to increase the PMLA production in strain, Aureobasidium melanogenum, and its metabolomics change under the CSL addition was investigated. The results indicated that, with 3 g/L CSL, PMLA production, cell growth, and yield (Yp/x) were increased by 32.76%, 41.82%, and 47.43%, respectively. The intracellular metabolites of A. melanogenum, such as amino acids, organic acids, and key intermediates in the TCA cycle, increased after the addition of CSL, and the enrichment analysis showed that tyrosine may play a major role in the PMLA biosynthesis. The results presented in this study demonstrated that the addition of CSL would be an efficient approach to improve PMLA production.

scholarly journals Biotechnological Strategies for Chitosan Production by Mucoralean Strains and Dimorphism Using Renewable Substrates

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4286
Author(s):  
Adriana Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Hugo Marques Galindo ◽  
Marcos Antônio Barbosa de Lima ◽  
Daylin Rubio Ribeaux ◽  
Dayana Montero Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Central Point ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Deacetylation Degree ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
Steep Liquor ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Cassava Waste

We investigated the influence of corn steep liquor (CSL) and cassava waste water (CWW) as carbon and nitrogen sources on the morphology and production of biomass and chitosan by Mucor subtilissimus UCP 1262 and Lichtheimia hyalospora UCP 1266. The highest biomass yields of 4.832 g/L (M. subtilissimus UCP 1262) and 6.345 g/L (L. hyalospora UCP 1266) were produced in assay 2 (6% CSL and 4% CWW), factorial design 22, and also favored higher chitosan production (32.471 mg/g) for M. subtilissimus. The highest chitosan production (44.91 mg/g) by L. hyalospora (UCP 1266) was obtained at the central point (4% of CWW and 6% of CSL). The statistical analysis, the higher concentration of CSL, and lower concentration of CWW significantly contributed to the growth of the strains. The FTIR bands confirmed the deacetylation degree of 80.29% and 83.61% of the chitosan produced by M. subtilissimus (UCP 1262) and L. hyalospora (UCP 1266), respectively. M. subtilissimus (UCP 1262) showed dimorphism in assay 4–6% CSL and 8% CWW and central point. L. hyalospora (UCP 1266) was optimized using a central composite rotational design, and the highest yield of chitosan (63.18 mg/g) was obtained in medium containing 8.82% CSL and 7% CWW. The experimental data suggest that the use of CSL and CWW is a promising association to chitosan production.

MICROBIAL PENTOSANASES: II. SOME FACTORS AFFECTING THE PRODUCTION OF PENTOSANASES BY BACILLUS PUMILUS AND BACILLUS SUBTILIS

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Ammonium Lactate ◽  
Steep Liquor

A number of carbohydrates and nitrogenous adjuncts were tested for their effect on the constitutive and adaptive pentosanases produced by Bacillus stibtilis and B. pumilus respectively in a medium containing biotin, ammonium phosphate, and other mineral salts. B. subtilis produced more enzyme with sulphite liquor than with any of the other carbohydrate sources tested. Next, in decreasing order of merit, were wheat bran, maltose, ribose, beet molasses, oat hulls, and pectin. Of the nitrogenous adjuncts tested, corn steep liquor, soybean meal, gelatin, gelysate, and ammonium lactate doubled the yield of enzyme whereas yeast extract, peptone, urea, and others were less effective. For B. pumilus the better carbohydrate sources, in decreasing order of merit, were wheat bran, water soluble pentosan of wheat flour, xylan, straw holo-cellulose, wheat straw, and sulphite liquor. Of the nitrogen sources, corn steep liquor was outstanding while casein, casitone, phytone, yeast extract, distillers' dried solubles, and soybean meal followed in decreasing order. A medium containing 6% wheat bran (20 mesh), 1% corn steep liquor neutralized with ammonia, 0.05% sodium chloride, and 0.05% calcium carbonate was devised for the production of pentosanase by B. pumilus. With this medium in shaken Erlenmeyer flasks, the enzyme was produced at a high rate between 12 and 40 hr.; thereafter the rate of production decreased. Maximum yields were obtained in 96 hr. A temperature of 26 °C. was more favorable for pentosanase production than higher temperatures.

High-yield kraft pulping of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden biotreated by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora under two different culture conditions

Holzforschung ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Paulo Vicentim ◽  
Robson de Almeida Faria ◽  
André Ferraz
Keyword(s):  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Short Fibers ◽  
Wood Component ◽  
Ceriporiopsis Subvermispora ◽  
Steep Liquor

AbstractIn the present study, it was evaluated how two different culture conditions for the biotreatment ofEucalyptus grandisbyCeriporiopsis subvermisporaaffect a subsequent high-yield kraft pulping process. Under the varied culture conditions investigated, different extracellular enzyme activities were observed. Manganese-peroxidase (MnP) secretion was 3.7 times higher in cultures supplemented with glucose plus corn-steep liquor (glucose/CSL) as compared to non-supplemented (NS) cultures. The biotreated samples underwent diverse levels of wood component degradation as losses of weight and lignin were increased in glucose/CSL cultures. Mass balances for lignin removal during kraft pulping showed that delignification was facilitated when both biotreated wood samples were cooked. Delignification efficiency did not correlate positively with MnP levels in the cultures. On the other hand, biopulps from NS and glucose/CSL cultures saved 27% and 38% beating time to achieve 28° Schopper-Riegler freeness during refining, respectively. Biopulps disposed of decreased tensile and tear resistances, thus easier refining of the biokraft pulps seems to be a consequence of less resistant fiber walls. Improved beatability of biopulps was tentatively related to short fibers and fines formation during refining. We suggest that to some extent polysaccharide depolymerization occurred during the biotreatment, which also resulted in diminished pulp yields in the case of glucose/CSL cultures.

Optimization and kinetics studies on exopolysaccharide production using Klebsiella oxytoca ICCF 419 strain, and glucose as substrate

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 2214-2222
Author(s):  
CATERINA TOMULESCU ◽  
MIȘU MOSCOVICI ◽  
ROXANA MĂDĂLINA STOICA ◽  
GABRIEL BUJOR ALBU ◽  
CLAUDIA SEVCENCO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Logistic Equations ◽  
Maximum Cell ◽  
Steep Liquor ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Optimal Formula

The present work aimed to investigate the efficiency of kinetic modeling and Response Surface Methodology (RSM), by employing a Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) and to evaluate the effects of carbon and nitrogen sources, inoculation volume, and bioprocess time on an exopolysaccharide (EPS) producer, Klebsiella oxytoca ICCF 419, in batch fermentation with shaken flasks. Among the kinetic models tested, logistic equations were found to fit accordingly, with a correlation coefficient (R2 ) of 0.999. The interaction between glucose and corn steep liquor was found to have a significant impact on the EPS production, and glucose (2% w/v), and a 5% v/v inoculum of 24 hours age, are sufficiently to positively affect the bioprocess, if it is desired only a maximum cell growth, but not associated with the polymer synthesis. The optimal formula predicted by the RSM design was experimentally validated by the following results: 12.16 g EPS/L and 1.65 dry biomass/L, after 48 hours fermentation.

scholarly journals New Recombinant Escherichia coli Strain Tailored for the Production of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) from Agroindustrial By-Products

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 3949-3954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo I. Nikel ◽  
Alejandra de Almeida ◽  
Evelia C. Melillo ◽  
Miguel A. Galvagno ◽  
M. Julia Pettinari
Keyword(s):  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Physical Analysis ◽  
Lactose Repressor ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Steep Liquor ◽  
By Products

ABSTRACT A recombinant E. coli strain (K24K) was constructed and evaluated for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) production from whey and corn steep liquor as main carbon and nitrogen sources. This strain bears the pha biosynthetic genes from Azotobacter sp. strain FA8 expressed from a T5 promoter under the control of the lactose operator. K24K does not produce the lactose repressor, ensuring constitutive expression of genes involved in lactose transport and utilization. PHB was efficiently produced by the recombinant strain grown aerobically in fed-batch cultures in a laboratory scale bioreactor on a semisynthetic medium supplemented with the agroindustrial by-products. After 24 h, cells accumulated PHB to 72.9% of their cell dry weight, reaching a volumetric productivity of 2.13 g PHB per liter per hour. Physical analysis of PHB recovered from the recombinants showed that its molecular weight was similar to that of PHB produced by Azotobacter sp. strain FA8 and higher than that of the polymer from Cupriavidus necator and that its glass transition temperature was approximately 20�C higher than those of PHBs from the natural producer strains.

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