The Material World of the Revolutionary War Soldier at Valley Forge Revisited

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-75
Author(s):  
Jesse West-Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Revolutionary War ◽  
Material World ◽  
Valley Forge ◽  
The Military ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter by Jesse West-Rosenthal examines the Revolutionary War soldiers’ material culture at Valley Forge. Much has been written of the suffering that these soldiers endured during that harsh winter, but this chapter provides insight into routines that both kept soldiers busy and helped them perform important and necessary tasks for the military effort. Archaeological explorations at the Washington Memorial Chapel, including a camp kitchen, provided evidence that soldiers kept busy by casting musket balls, by maintaining weaponry and clothing, and, interestingly, by re-purposing musket balls into gaming pieces.

scholarly journals WEAPONS COMPLEX OF 13th-15th CENTURIES FROM NECROPOLIS OF ALT-WEHLAU

2021 ◽  
pp. 263-280
Author(s):  
С. А. Денисов ◽  
А. А. Валуев ◽  
К. Н. Скворцов
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Military ◽  
Insight Into

В статье рассматриваются предметы вооружения, найденные в ходе исследования некрополя Альт-Велау и позволяющие охарактеризовать материальную культуру, связанную с военной службой пруссов Тевтонскому ордену. Для этой цели изучены состав и морфологические особенности 140 предметов, найденных в 63 погребениях XIII-XV вв., а также в пахотном горизонте и относящихся преимущественно к наступательному вооружению (мечи, копья, дротики, топоры, булава, кинжалы). В их составе наблюдается постепенный отказ от богато украшенных «парадных» предметов вследствие уравнения статусов знати и рядовых общинников, а также обращение к компактным видам оружия (копьям и кинжалам), пригодным для использования в легкой коннице. При этом морфологические изменения копий (удлинение и сужение лезвия для борьбы с броней) свидетельствуют о принятии пруссами новых явлений в военном деле. The paper explores weapons items that were found by research of necropolis Alt-Wehlau and gives an insight into the material culture related to the military service of the Prussians for the Teutonic Order. For this goal the composition and morphological features of 140 items found in 63 graves dating to the 13th - 15th centuries as well as in ploughing horizon that are mainly referred to offensive weapons (swords, spears, javelins, axes, a mace, and daggers) were examined. The analysis of their composition demonstrates a gradual transition from richly decorated items to less ornate weapons because of fewer differences in the status of the noble and that of the commoners, as well as use of smaller size types of weapons (e. g. spears and daggers) suitable to be used by light cavalry. At the same time, morphological changes of spears (lengthening and narrowing of the blade to fight against the armour) indicate that the Prussians adopted new trends in the military matters

Historical Archaeology of the Revolutionary War Encampments of Washington's Army

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Archaeology ◽  
American Revolution ◽  
Revolutionary War ◽  
Public Outreach ◽  
African Descendants ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Valley Forge ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Discipline ◽  
And Training

Historical Archaeology of the Revolutionary War Encampments of Washington’s Army presents archaeological and ethno-historic research concerning Washington’s Army’s encampments, trails, and support structures during the American Revolution. Important sites and preserves that the following chapters discuss include Valley Forge in Pennsylvania; Putnam Park and General Parson’s Preserve in Redding, Connecticut; Morristown National Historic Park in New Jersey; and Rochambeau’s marching trail through Connecticut. Topics pursued by contributors to the volume are the military discipline and training of soldiers; the routine activities of soldiers and officers; the special accommodations at George Washington’s headquarters at Valley Forge; the layouts and organizations of encampments; the participation of African descendants, Native peoples, and women in the war; and the historic technology used by soldiers to construct their winter quarters. The goals of this book are to demonstrate the usefulness of archaeology and ethno-history for scholarly research of the American Revolution, to provoke interest in the subject, and to convey the importance of protecting important cultural and historic resources. Additionally, the book demonstrates how creatively exploring new questions while applying advances in technology, methodology, and theory continues to provide new scholarly insights into both how the war was fought and what it meant to its participants. To all scholars interested in pursuing research into America’s Revolution, the book should also demonstrate that public outreach and information sharing is the real significance of any ongoing investigations, such as those presented here.

The Military Physician in Captivity

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (99) ◽  
pp. 295-303
Author(s):  
E. Reginato
Keyword(s):  
Medical Officer ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Prisoner Of War ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
Peace And Justice ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Military Physician ◽  
The Military ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Better Than

In his introductory address at the third International Refresher Course for Junior Medical Officers, Dr. H. Meuli, member of the ICRC, said “No one knows war better than the military medical officer, nor measures its horror, nor hates it more. No one has greater insight into war to enable him to take a stand for peace and against war”. From its very beginnings the Red Cross has been linked to medicine; it was the ICRC which obtained for doctors the means of exercising their profession in war, which are laid down in the Geneva Conventions.It therefore seems appropriate to quote extensively from a communication submitted at the Course by an Italian doctor, bearing moving testimony to the difficulties facing the medical officer, the noble character of his mission and the principles underlying his activity in the prisoner of war camp. These principles were summed up in his conclusion : “Like peace and justice, medicine loses its significance if not accompanied by charity. If it is to stay universal, it must not lose its humanity”. (Ed.).

Materialities of Abstraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-214
Author(s):  
Brandon Truett
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Abstract Art ◽  
Artistic Practice ◽  
Material World ◽  
Bloomsbury Group ◽  
Art Object ◽  
Visual Artist ◽  
The Aesthetic

This article recovers the 1918 chapbook that the understudied Vorticist poet and visual artist Jessie Dismorr composed for the American sculptor John Storrs and his wife Marguerite. It examines the ways the chapbook reorients the aesthetic criteria by which we recognize abstraction in the early twentieth century. Studying how Dismorr’s divergent and feminist approach to Vorticist practice exploits “the materialities of abstraction,” or the traces of the material world that evince the outside of the abstract art object, it suggests that these material traces lead us to reimagine the boundary between inside and outside, and thus the way an art object indexes and interacts with the material world. Proposing that the recovery of an object as seemingly inconsequential as an individual chapbook in fact raises questions about how we construct the literary- and art-historical field of modernism, the article situates Dismorr’s work in relation to other feminist understandings in British modernism of the socialized space of artistic practice across media exemplified by Virginia Woolf ’s account of sociability within the Bloomsbury Group, and argues for the importance of such unique objects as chapbooks to the study of material culture within literary history and within art history as well.

Toys

2020 ◽  
pp. 394-402
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Heath
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
French Empire ◽  
Cognitive Framework ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

This article examines colonially-themed toys as historical sources that provide insight into the way that metropolitan boys and girls learned embrace the French empire in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It argues that colonially-themed toys such as drums, dolls, and games encouraged forms of play that instilled a colonial mindset and attitude among metropolitan French children. These actions provided the foundation for a cognitive framework and worldview that naturalized colonialism and racial and civilization hierarchies. The residues of these earlier practices and imaginations remain, marking toys as a particularly rich genre of material culture with which to understand the inculcation of colonialism and lingering colonial nostalgia.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Nathan D. Ainspan and ◽  
Kristin N. Saboe
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Military Families ◽  
Military Veterans ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
American Military ◽  
Civilian Employees ◽  
Veteran Employees ◽  
The Military ◽  
Insight Into

The introduction of this book explains how industrial/organizational (I/O) psychologists and human resources leaders can use I/O research and best practices to understand military veterans and military families. This knowledge can help employers find, hire, and retain veterans as civilian employees in their organizations. This chapter first describes the American military as an organization, the demographics of the military, and why service members and veterans are different from other groups of individuals; it offers insight into the types of individuals who self-select into the military and then describes how the military develops the traits, skills, and competencies (including nontechnical “soft” skills) that are in high demand but short supply in the civilian labor market. In concludes with an explanation of how the military culture impacts the service members and how these elements create veteran employees who may differ in their tenure and their performance in civilian organizations.

Amulets and the Ritual Efficacy of Christian Symbols

2019 ◽  
pp. 349-366
Author(s):  
Rangar H. Cline
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Body And Soul ◽  
Insight Into

Although “magical” amulets are often overlooked in studies of early Christian material culture, they provide unique insight into the lives of early Christians. The high number of amulets that survive from antiquity, their presence in domestic and mortuary archaeological contexts, and frequent discussions of amulets in Late Antique literary sources indicate that they constituted an integral part of the fabric of religious life for early Christians. The appearance of Christian symbols on amulets, beginning in the second century and occurring with increasing frequency in the fourth century and afterward, reveals the increasing perception of Christian symbols as ritually potent among Christians and others in the Roman Empire. The forms, texts, and images on amulets reveal the fears and hopes that occupied the daily lives of early Christians, when amulets designed for ritual efficacy if not orthodoxy were believed to provide a defense against forces that would harm body and soul.

Living in a Material World: Canadian and American Approaches to Material Culture

1993 ◽  
Vol 106 (421) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Dorothy Noyes ◽  
Gerald R. Pocius
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Material World
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