scholarly journals Produtividade do feijão-caupi cultivado após plantas de cobertura com e sem aplicação de herbicida sem pós-emergência

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Gustavo Dorneles de Sousa ◽  
Leandro Spíndola Pereira ◽  
Gustavo Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Estevam Matheus Costa ◽  
Jeovane Nascimento Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Weight One ◽  
Sorghum Straw

The objective of this research was to evaluate the yield of the cowpea crop, when grown on cover crops straws, managed or not with herbicides applied in post-emergence. The experiment was conducted in the field, in a complete randomized block design with three replications. In a 5x2 factorial scheme, the first factor were featuredby five types of straw were tested: sorghum, congograss, Tanzania grass, palisadegrassand weeds. The second factor was characterized by the absence and application of the ready mix of bentazone + imazamox at the dose 600 + 28 g ha-1at 13 days after emergence (DAE) and the herbicide haloxifop-p-methyl at the dose of 62.35 g ha-1to 18 DAE. Weed density and dry matterwere evaluated at 20 and 85 DAE of the crop, plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, dry matteraerial part and in the flowering of the crop (46 DAE). At harvest, the number of grains per pod, the number of grains per plant, the weight one hundred grains, the population of cowpea plants and grain yieldwereevaluated. The straws of congo grass, Tanzania grass and palisadegrasson the soil surface reduce the dry mass of weeds, constituting necessary management where chemical control has not been carried out. Regardless of the use of straw, the application of the herbicide is essential to guarantee the productivity of the crop. The cultivation of cowpea on sorghum straw, congograss, Tanzania grass and palisadegrassresults in higher grain yield.

scholarly journals Corn and soybean yields as affected by cover crops and herbicide timing under no-tillage system

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-946
Author(s):  
P. Oliveira ◽  
A.S. Nascente ◽  
J. Kluthcouski ◽  
T.A.P. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Block Design ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tillage System

To achieve better results in the no-tillage system (NTS), it is important to properly manage the cover crop prior to planting by using herbicides, usually glyphosate. The effect of glyphosate on plant coverage is slow, and plants take a few days to die completely. Thus, when applying the herbicide on the same day of planting soybean or corn, cover crops are still alive and standing, causing initial shading on seedlings of the crop and delaying its establishment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of distinct cover crops and their timing of desiccation prior to planting soybean or corn, on crop yield and yield components. Two experiments were installed, one for soybean and another for corn. Each experiment consisted in combining three cover crops (Brachiaria brizantha, common bean or millet) chemically desiccated at two timings before planting the crop (15 or 0 days before planting) under no-tillage system (NTS). Experiments were installed in a completely randomized block design with five replications. Brachiaria brizantha produced the highest amount of biomass; common bean and millet as cover crops allowed higher soybean grain yields; herbicide application under common bean, millet and Brachiaria brizantha 15 days before planting soybean allowed higher crop grain yields; desiccation timing of common bean did not affect corn grain yield; Brachiaria brizantha should be desiccated 15 days before planting corn to allow maximum grain yield; when millet was used as a cover crop, glyphosate application at planting of corn allowed the highest grain yield.

scholarly journals AADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA E INOCULAÇÃO COM Azospirillum brasilense EM CEVADA

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Ribeiro Barzotto ◽  
Sebastião Ferreira Lima ◽  
Osvaldir Feliciano Santos ◽  
Gabriel Luiz Piati ◽  
Carlos Roberto Wassolowski
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Productivity Gain ◽  
Barley Grains

A cevada constitui uma importante cultura no Brasil devido, principalmente, a utilização de seu grão na produção de cervejas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da adubação nitrogenada e da inoculação com Azospirillum brasilense em cevada. O experimento foi instalado em campo, utilizando o delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial, sendo quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 40, 80 e 120 kg ha-1) na presença ou ausência de inoculação de sementes com A. brasilense e três repetições. Foram avaliadas características de crescimento e massa seca de planta, componentes de produção, teor de N e produtividade de grãos. A maior produtividade de grãos foi alcançada com 66 kg ha-1 de N, sem a aplicação da bactéria. Concluiu-se que o uso de A. brasilense aumenta a produtividade de grãos de cevada na ausência da adubação nitrogenada, mas não suplanta o ganho de produtividade apenas com o uso do N em doses superiores. A severidade de B. sorokidiana foi favorecida com a aplicação de A. brasilense nas maiores doses de N. A inoculação com A. brasilense é uma alternativa viável para aumentar a produtividade de grãos de cevada, caso se opte pelo cultivo sem fertilização mineral nitrogenada.Palavra-chave: Hordeum vulgare, bactérias diazotróficas, malte. NITROGEN FERTILIZATION AND INOCULATION WITH AZOSPIRILLUM BRASILENSE IN BARLEY ABSTRACT:The barley is an important crop in Brazil, mainly due to the use of its grain in the production of beers. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilization and inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense on barley. The experiment was carried out in the field, using a randomized block design in a factorial scheme, with four nitrogen doses (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1) in the presence or absence of seed inoculation with A. brasilense and three replications. Growth characteristics and dry mass of the plant, production components, N content and grain yield were evaluated. The highest grain yield was achieved with 66 kg ha-1 of N, without application of the bacteria. It was concluded that the use of A. brasilense increases the yield of barley grains in the absence of nitrogen fertilization, but does not supplant the productivity gain only with the use of N in higher doses. The B. sorokidiana severity was favored by the application of A. brasilense in the highest N doses. The inoculation with A. brasilense is a viable alternative to increase the yield of barley grains, in case of cultivation without nitrogen fertilization.Keywords: Hordeum vulgare, diazotrophic bacteria, malt. DOI:

scholarly journals Rates of nitrogen and growth retardant trinexapac-ethyl on wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 2045-2052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Curitiba Espindula ◽  
Valterley Soares Rocha ◽  
Leandro Torres de Souza ◽  
Moacil Alves de Souza ◽  
Marcela Campanharo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

The objective in this study was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen rates in association with rates of the growth retardant trinexapac-ethyl on wheat. The experiment was conducted in Viçosa, MG and arranged in a 5×4 factorial, randomized block design, with four repetitions. A combination of five nitrogen rates (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150kg ha-1) with four rates of trinexapac-ethyl (0, 62.5, 125 and 187.5g ha-1) were tested. Trinexapac-ethyl promotes reduction of soot dry mass and grain yield at the lowest N rates, but at the highest N rates there is increase in these characteristics. The combination between N and trinexapac-ethyl rates that promotes higher shoot dry mass is 150kg ha-1 and 187g ha-1 but that promotes higher grain yield is 100kg ha-1 and 120g ha-1, respectively.

scholarly journals Green and sweet corn grown under different cover crops and phases of the no-tillage system

2022 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
Diemisson O. Nunes ◽  
João H. de S. Favaro ◽  
Hamilton C. de O. Charlo ◽  
Arcângelo Loss ◽  
Antônio C. Barreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Tillage System

ABSTRACT Special corn is cultivated all year conventionally round; however, its productivity increases when grown under a no-tillage system (NTS). This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of sweet and green corn cultivated under residues of different cover crops and the NTS implantation stages. Two experiments were carried out in the randomized block design, with four replications, in each of the three areas. The experiments consisted of evaluating the sweet and green corn, simultaneously, in three areas at different stages of development of NTS: initial (1 year), transition (7 years), and consolidation (19 years) with six types of cover crops: Signal grass (SG), Pearl millet (PM), Sunn hemp (SH), a mixture of SG + SH, SG + PM, and PM + SH. The dry matter (DM) production of the cover crops, the productivity of husked and unhusked ears, straw, and grain yield were evaluated. The SH had the highest dry mass production among the studied cover crops in all phases of the NTS. The phase of the NTS did not influence the productivity of ears with or without husk in green corn. The cultivation of sweet corn in transition and consolidation areas of the NTS showed better yields when compared to the initial phase of the system.

scholarly journals Agronomic performance of cotton and soybean cultivated under different cover crops and lime and gypsum doses

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Benart ◽  
Cassiano Garcia Roque ◽  
Cid Naudi da Silva Campos ◽  
Renato de Melo Prado ◽  
Rafael Gonçalves Vilela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Soybean Plants

Soil management with the use of lime and agricultural gypsum can influence the development and yield of cotton and soybean crops. The use of cover crops avoids soil degradation and ensures nutrient cycling on the soil surface. In most cultivated species, the application of lime and agricultural gypsum provides corrections in the sub-surface soil, keeping the nutrients available. This study aimed to (i) verify whether cotton and soybean cultivated in succession to cover crops affect its agronomic performance and (ii) evaluate the influence of lime and gypsum doses on the agronomic performance of these crops. Two experiments were performed. The first experiment consisted of cotton cultivated in the off-season, and the second, of soybean cultivated in the regular season. The experiment was carried out under three plant residues (Urochloa ruziziensis, Pennisetum glaucum, and fallow area), combined with lime and gypsum doses. The experiment consisted of a completely randomized block design with four replications. For the cotton crop, only the gypsum doses influenced the variables plant height, initial and final population, and yield. Cover crops did not influence the agronomic performance of cotton and soybeans. The increase of lime doses resulted in a linear increase in cotton and soybean yield. The highest gympsum dose improved the agronomic performance of cotton plants; however, it only influenced the height of soybean plants.

scholarly journals Soil acidity, liming and soybean performance under no-till

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 532-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Fávero Caires ◽  
Gabriel Barth ◽  
Fernando José Garbuio ◽  
Susana Churka
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dolomitic Lime ◽  
No Till ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Soybean Roots ◽  
Lime Application

The effects of soil chemical changes on soybean root growth, mineral nutrition and grain yield, as a result of surface application of lime under no-till (NT), are still under discussion. A field trial was carried out on a loamy dystrophic Typic Hapludox at Ponta Grossa, Paraná State, Brazil, using a completely randomized block design with three replicates, in a split-plot experiment. The main plots received four dolomitic lime rates applied on the surface (0, 2, 4, and 6 Mg ha-1) in July 1993. In the subplots, two dolomitic lime rates were reapplied on the surface (0 and 3 Mg ha-1) in June 2000. After nine years, liming increased pH, exchangeable Ca2+ and reduced exchangeable Al3+ as well as soil Al3+ saturation down to a 60 cm depth. Re-liming, after two years, also provided soil acidity amelioration to a 60 cm depth. Soybean total root length per soil surface area (0-60 cm) decreased with the surface lime application under NT. The reduction in soil exchangeable Al3+ with liming did not change Al concentrations in the soybean roots and leaves. Surface-applied dolomitic lime under NT brought an increase in Ca and Mg concentrations and a decrease in the Mn level in both soybean roots and leaves. Soybean grain yield was not influenced by surface liming because of the decreased Al toxicity and because root growth was stimulated by soil acidity stress under NT.

scholarly journals ALTERNATIVAS DE CONTROLE QUÍMICO PARA CAPIM-AMARGOSO (Digitaria insularis) NA CULTURA DO MILHO

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 578
Author(s):  
WILTON TAVARES SILVA ◽  
DÉCIO KARAM ◽  
LEANDRO VARGAS ◽  
ALEXANDRE FERREIRA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Ammonium Glufosinate ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Mass Accumulation

RESUMO – O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a eficácia de herbicidas pós-emergentes registrados para a cultura do milho, assim como futuras alternativas de controle químico, no manejo de biótipos de capim-amargoso resistente ao glyphosate. Três experimentos, em condição de casa de vegetação, foram realizados no delineamento de blocos ao caso, com três repetições. Herbicidas de reconhecida eficiência agronômica no controle de gramíneas na cultura do milho (tembotrione, mesotrione e nicosulfuron) e futura alternativas de controle químico (haloxyfop-p-methyl e ammonium-glufosinate) foram aplicados em diferentes períodos de desenvolvimento sobre o capim-amargoso. Foram avaliados os sintomas de intoxicação e a porcentagem de redução do acúmulo da massa de matéria seca (MMS) da infestante após a última avaliação de controle. Os herbicidas nicosulfuron, haloxyfop-p-methyl e ammonium-glufosinate ocasionaram a morte da planta independentemente do momento de aplicação. Tembotrione e mesotrione, apesar de reduzirem a porcentagem de acúmulo da MMS, não ocasionaram morte das plantas. Conclui-se que o nicosulfuron se caracteriza como importante ferramenta no controle de capim-amargoso. As moléculas haloxyfop-p-methyl e ammonium-glufosinate apresentam potencial para serem utilizadas como alternativas de controle químico da infestante. Os herbicidas tembotrione e mesotrione, apesar de reconhecida ação graminicida, não são indicados para o controle do capim-amargoso.Palavras-chave: Zea mays, herbicidas, resistência, planta daninha. ALTERNATIVES OF CHEMICAL CONTROL FOR SOURGRASS (Digitaria insularis) ON MAIZE CROP ABSTRACT – This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of registered herbicides for weed control in maize crop and to test future alternatives of chemical control for management of sourgrass biotypes resistant to glyphosate. Three experiments, in the greenhouse, were carried out in a randomized block design with three replicates. Herbicides of recognized agronomic efficiency in grass control on maize (tembotrione, mesotrione and nicossulfuron) and future alternatives of chemical control (haloxyfop-p-methyl e ammonium-glufosinate), as well as, standard herbicide treatment used on maize off-season glyphosate resistant (glyphosate + atrazine), were sprayed on sourgrass plants at different growth periods. The parameters evaluated were intoxication symptoms and the decrease in dry mass accumulation. The herbicides nicossulfuron, haloxyfop-p-methyl and ammonium-glufosinate caused the death of plants, regardless of their developmental stage. In spite of causing a decrease in weed dry mass accumulation, tembotrione and mesotrione did not cause plant death. It is concluded that nicossulfuron is characterized as an important tool in control of sourgrass. The molecules haloxyfop-p-methyl and ammonium-glufosinate have potential to be used as alternatives to control this infestant. The herbicides tembotrione and mesotrione despite recognized grass control were notindicated to control of sourgrass.Keywords: Zea mays, herbicide, resistance, weed.

Effect of Sunflower Residues and Herbicide on Weed Suppression, Grain Yield and Economics of Transplanted Aman Rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
SS Tanu ◽  
P Biswas ◽  
S Ahmed ◽  
SC Samanta
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Environmentally Sound

A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Field Laboratory, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali from July 2018 to November 2018 to evaluate the effect of sunflower residues and herbicides on the yield and economic performance of transplanted Aman rice. Weed control methods tested were T1 = weedy check (Unweeded control), T2 = Weed-free check by hand weeding twice, T3 = Pendimethalin, T4 = Pretilachlor, T5 = Butachlor, T6 = Pyrazosulfuron ethyl, T7 = Bensulfuron methyl + Acetachlor, T8 = Bispyriback sodium, T9 = 2,4-D amine, T10 = MCPA, T11 = Sunflower residues, T12 = Sunflower residues + 100% Pyrazosulfuron ethyl, T13 = Sunflower residues + 75% Pyrazosulfuron ethyl, T14 = Sunflower residues + 50% Pyrazosulfuron ethyl. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with fourteen treatments replicated thrice. Weedy check registered significantly the highest total weed density (354.67 m-2) and total weed dry matter (51.81 g-2) while weed-free treatment by hand weeding twice recorded significantly the lowest total weed density (6.67 m-2) and total weed dry matter 0.49 g-2) . Weedy check produced the highest weed index (34.24%) and hand weeding produced the lowest. Among different herbicides applied alone, butachlor had the lowest total weed density (15 m-2) and total weed dry matter (6.43 g-2) after hand weeding. Hand weeding recorded the highest grain yield (5.14 t ha-1) which was statistically similar to pendimethalin, pretilachlor, butachlor, bensulfuron methyl + acetachlor and sunflower residues + 100% pyrazosulfuron ethyl. Higher grain yield was attributed to a higher number of panicle m-2, number of filled grains panicle-1 and 1000-grain weight. The highest gross margin (22955 Tk. ha-1) and benefit-cost ratio (1.32) were obtained from butachlor. Integration of sunflower residues with pyrazosulfuron ethyl produced effective weed suppression and satisfactory yield comparable to butachlor. Although the integration is less profitable than butachlor the farmers can use this technology as a feasible and environmentally sound approach in transplanted Aman rice field. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(1): 47-58

Assessment of genetic variability for quantitative characters in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under post flood situation in sali

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Dalibha Pathak ◽  
Umesh Ch. Kalita
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Spikelet Sterility ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle

Sixteen genotypes of rice (including one check) were evaluated on 18 quantitative traits during sali (August), 2018 in a randomized block design with three replications at Instruction cum Research Farm, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat to study the nature and magnitude of variability, heritability and genetic advance under delayed sown condition. The analysis of variance for 18 quantitative traits revealed the presence of significant differences for grain yield and its component characters. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was observed for chaffs per panicle followed by grains per panicle, spikelet sterility (%), spikelets per panicle, grain yield (kg/ha). A high heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for plant height (cm), spikelets per panicle, spikelet sterility (%), chaffs per panicle, grains per panicle, grain yield (g/hill), grain yield (kg/ha), biological yield (kg/ha), straw weight (kg/ha) and harvest index (%) indicating that selection might be effective for improvement of these characters under delayed sown condition with low input. From the findings of this investigation, one genotype viz., Gandhari emerged as the outstanding genotype which yielded 4170 kg/ha and could be directly used for cultivation in delayed sown situation with low inputs. Some other promising genotypes that yielded higher than the check Manoharsali under delayed sown condition were JR 29, JR 16, Basundhara and JR 60 and could be utilized as potential parental material in the hybridization programmes designed to develop suitable rice varieties for delayed sown situation.

scholarly journals Trace Metal Distribution and Mobility in Soils after Silvicultural Thinning and Burning

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Ngowari Jaja ◽  
Monday Mbila ◽  
Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Silvicultural thinning and burning are common management practices that are widely used to address ecosystem problems such as tree stocking and general forest health. However, high-severity fire has variable effects on soils, resulting in damages which are directly or indirectly reflected on the trace metal chemistry of the soil. This study was conducted to evaluate the trace metal variation at the Bankhead National Forest in Northern Alabama following the silvicultural thinning and burning. The experimental site had treatments consisting of two burning patterns and three levels of thinning as part of an overall treatment of three burning patterns and three levels of thinning applied to nine treatment plots to fit a completely randomized block design experiment. Four treatments sites were used for this study and samples were collected from soil profile pits excavated at representative plots within each treatment. The samples were analyzed for trace metals-As, Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb-using Perkin Elmer 2100 ICP-OES. Post treatment samples indicated that the trace metal concentrations generally decreased with soil depth. Copper, Ni, and Zn at the Pre-burn site gradually increased with depth to a maximum concentration at about 50 cm below the soil surface. Arsenic in the surface horizons increased by 156% in the burn-only sites, 54% in the thin-only treatment, 30% for the burn and thin treatments. Such differences were unlikely due to differences in the geochemistry of the parent material, but likely due to anthropogenic activities and possibly the forest management practices in question.

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