A Public Choice Perspective on the Legalization of Casino Gaming

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-45
Author(s):  
Miao He ◽  
Ricardo C. S. Siu

The public choice theory is applied in this study to explore the effects of the expected economic benefits and cost of voters in the process of casino legalization. It is shown that in contrast to most voting processes, the emotional inclination of voters and the related changes have an explicit role in determining the decision made on a ballot for casino legalization. A model is therefore proposed based on the existing literature (for e.g., Morton, 1991; Olson, 1965; Riker and Ordeshook, 1968) to show the interactions and decision making process of related policy makers, and beneficiary and anti-gaming groups. The arguments are elaborated and verified by using evidence from New Jersey and Taiwan, where state-wide referendums were adopted as part of the legalization process of casino gaming.

Author(s):  
Candido Gomes

O trabalho analisa a evolução recente das despesas educacionais públicas do Brasil por nível de governo e por programa orçamentário. Constata a baixa participação do Programa Educação Especial, sobretudo nos estados e municípios. Em seguida, analisa, com base na teoria da escolha pública nos orçamentos, a vulnerabilidade da educação e, particularmente, da educação especial. E descrito o processo decisório de elaboração e execução dos orçamentos públicos no Brasil, focalizando os principais mecanismos que levam a educação a ser preterida e a perder recursos. Conclui com sugestões, frisando a necessidade de as burocracias educacionais desenvolverem habilidades e conhecimentos na área das finanças públicas. Abstract This paper analyses the recent evolution of public educational expenditure in Brazil by government level and budget program. It found a very low percentage of resources for special education, particularly in states and counties. Based on the public choice theory, it focusses the vulnerability of education and, particularly, special education, in the budget arena. This paper also describes the decision-making process of public budgets in this country, as well as the diverse means by which education looses resources in the planning and accomplishment stages of budget laws. Conclusions point out that educational bureaucracies need to develop skills and knowledge in the public finance area. Résumé Cet article analyse l 'evolution récente des dépenses éducationelles publiques au Brésil par niveau de gouvernement et selon programme budgétaire. Ses residíais indiquent la basse participation au total des ressources consacrées à l 'éducation des élèves qui portent des nécessitésspéciales, surtout aux états et aux municipes. Fondé sur la théorie du choix public aux budgets, ce travail étude aussi la vulnérabilité de l'éducation et, particulièrement, de l 'éducation des élèves qui portent des nécessités spéciales. Il décrit les principaux procès de prise de décision à l'élaboration etal 'exécution des budgets publiques au pays, ainsi que les plus importants mécanismes d'évasion des ressources financières pour l 'éducation. Ses conclusions détachent la nécessité de la profonde connaissance desfinances publiques par les bureaucraties éducationelles. Resumen Este artículo analiza la evolución redente de los gastos públicos educacionales en Brasil según el nível de gobierno y el programa presupuestario. Sus resultados revelan que es muy baja la porcentage de gastos con Ia educación de los portadores de necesidades especiales, particularmente en los estados y municipios. Tiendo como referencia la teoría de la opción pública en los presupuestos, el trabajo estudia también la vulnerabilidad de la educación en general y de la educación de los portadores de necesidades especiales. Se describen los procesos decisorios de elaboración y ejecución de los presupuestos públicos en Brasil, así como los principales mecanismos de evasión de reairsos financieros de la educación. Si4S conclusiones destacan la necesidad de las burocracias educacionales desarrollaren habilidades y conocimientos en el sector de las finanzas públicas.


2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Follert ◽  
Lukas Richau ◽  
Eike Emrich ◽  
Christian Pierdzioch

AbstractVarious scandals have shaken public confidence in football's global governing body, Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). It is evident that decision-making within such a collective provides incentives for corruption. We apply the Buchanan-Tullock model that is known from Public Choice theory to study collective decision-making within FIFA. On the basis of this theoretical model, we develop specific proposals that can contribute to combating corruption. Three core aspects are discussed: the selection of the World Cup host, transparency in the allocation of budgets, and clear guidelines for FIFA officials and bodies with regard to their rights and accountability. Our insights can contribute to a better understanding of collective decision making in heterogenous groups.


Author(s):  
Serena Santis ◽  
Francesca Citro ◽  
Beatriz Cuadrado-Ballesteros ◽  
Marco Bisogno

The chapter seeks to contribute to the literature on determinants of local government election by adopting a different perspective focused on the effects of financial indicators on the elections of mayors. Using the agency and the public choice theory, this study implements a model where specific financial indicators—whose selection takes into account the increased autonomy and responsibility of local politicians—have been included to document their effect on mayoral re-election. Focusing on the Italian context, the chapter examines a sample of 129 municipalities during the period 2008-2014, where several elections were held. By using different estimators, findings indicate that the re-election of mayors is affected by the level of indebtedness and the current equilibrium. In addition, current spending is better valued by citizens/voters than capital expenditure, which increases the probability of being re-elected.


2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-161
Author(s):  
Ersin Sağdıç ◽  
Öner Gümüş ◽  
Güner Tuncer

This study is aimed to investigate the regional pressure groups' effect on the government size in Turkey. According to the public choice theory, elections, political parties, interest and pressure groups, and bureaucracy significantly affect the public production process. Among these actors, pressure and interest groups directly affect variables such as economic growth and public expenditures. In this study, panel data analysis was used to observe the regional effect. The research data set covered 81 provinces of Turkey and the period between 2006 and 2018. According to the results, it was found that interest and pressure groups increase the public expenditures in the less developed regions in Turkey. These results are consistent with the empirical and theoretical studies. For this reason, the study has an important contribution to the literature. This study offers significant conclusions that public economic policies might be under the influence of interest and pressure groups. Even if stated that the results of this study might have many economic, demographic, social, and political reasons regarding Turkey, in the context of public choice theory, it could be seen as a significant indicator of not using public expenditure policies as efficient instruments. This situation shows that public resources are not used efficiently in Turkey and the government has a negative effect on the economy. To eradicate this negative effect, governments coming to power in the future ought to produce economic, political, and social policies in order to decrease the regional differences dramatically in Turkey.


2011 ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
P. Orekhovskiy

The last decade in Russia has been marked by an expansive growth of interest to measuring the level of institutional maturity and quality. These measurements are carried out through international comparisons, correlation coefficients between the quality of institutions and GDP are calculated. However, these estimations are mostly possible within the framework of assumptions of the public choice theory. The paper attempts to prove that this theory uses the same assumption of homo oeconomicus, as conventional microeconomics. Therefore, the public choice theory has the same shortcomings that may be attributed to the neoclassical paradigm as a whole.


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