Speaker Discrimination Using Long-Term Spectrum of Speech

In this article, we investigate a specific long-term speech spectrum with respect to its use for speaker recognition. The long-term effect was satisfied by averaging short-term autocorrelation coefficients over the whole utterance. The long-term spectrum was calculated by means of second-order linear prediction using the average autocorrelation coefficients. First, speaker discriminability of 32 individual parameters was evaluated by combining spectral energy and spectral slope in eight different frequency bands covering the range 0−4 kHz (seven narrow nonoverlapping subbands and one band spanning over the full range). Then, four subbands with the most discriminative capability were selected for speaker recognition. These subbands involve the frequencies of 0−1.2 kHz in total. In the main experiments, text-independent speaker recognition based on relative Euclidean distance was performed in each single subband as well as in multiple 2 to 4 subbands applying two types of speech data, complete continuous speech and voiced part of the same speech. The voiced speech seems to be generally more effective for speaker recognition using the long-term speech spectrum. The best recognition rates, i.e. 91.7% on complete speech and 100% on voiced speech, were achieved in optimal paired subbands. The long-term speech spectrum can complement the traditional voice features.

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Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.182.5.412 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 182 (5) ◽

pp. 412-419 ◽

Cited By ~ 255

Author(s):

Peter J. Cooper ◽

Lynne Murray ◽

Anji Wilson ◽

Helena Romaniuk

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Postnatal Depression ◽

Post Partum ◽

Psychodynamic Therapy ◽

Term Effect ◽

Short Term ◽

Post Partum Depression ◽

Maternal Mood ◽

Long Term Effect

BackgroundPsychological interventions for postnatal depression can be beneficial in the short term but their longer-term impact is unknown.AimsTo evaluate the long-term effect on maternal mood of three psychological treatments in relation to routine primary care.MethodWomen with post-partum depression (n=193) were assigned randomly to one of four conditions: routine primary care, non-directive counselling, cognitive–behavioural therapy or psychodynamic therapy. They were assessed immediately after the treatment phase (at 4.5 months) and at 9, 18 and 60 months post-partum.ResultsCompared with the control, all three treatments had a significant impact at 4.5 months on maternal mood (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, EPDS). Only psychodynamic therapy produced a rate of reduction in depression (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM–III–R) significantly superior to that of the control. The benefit of treatment was no longer apparent by 9 months post-partum. Treatment did not reduce subsequent episodes of post-partum depression.ConclusionsPsychological intervention for post-partum depression improves maternal mood (EPDS) in the short term. However, this benefit is not superior to spontaneous remission in the long term.

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Hyperbole and emotionalisation: Escalation of pragmatic effects of proverb and metaphor in the “Brexit” debate

Russian Journal of Linguistics ◽

10.22363/2687-0088-2021-25-3-628-644 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 628-644

Author(s):

Andreas Musolff

Keyword(s):

Political Discourse ◽

Emotional Reactions ◽

Short Term ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

Public Debates ◽

Historical Investigation ◽

Figurative Speech ◽

Figurative Interpretation ◽

The Eu

(How) Can the use of hyperbole in metaphorical idioms and scenarios contribute to an increase in emotionalisation of public debates? Using a research corpus of quotations from British politicians speeches and interviews and of press texts 2016-2020, this paper investigates hyperbolic formulations in Brexit-related applications of the proverb You cannot have your cake and eat it and related scenarios of national liberation, which appear to have strongly boosted emotionalised public debates. For instance, Brexit proponents reversal of the cake proverb into the assertion, We can have our cake and eat it, and their figurative interpretation of Brexit as a war of liberation (against the EU) triggered highly emotional reactions: triumphant affirmation among followers, fear and resentment among opponents. The paper argues that the combination of figurative speech (proverb, metaphor) with hyperbole heightened the emotional and polemical impact of the pro-Brexit argument. Whilst this effect may be deemed to have been rhetorically successful in the short term (e.g. in referendum and election campaigns), its long-term effect on political discourse is more ambivalent, for it leads to a polarisation and radicalisation of political discourse in Britain (as evidenced, for instance, in the massive use of hyperbole in COVID-19 debates). The study of hyperbole as a means of emotionalisation thus seems most promising as part of a discourse-historical investigation of socio-pragmatic effects of figurative (mainly, metaphorical) language use, rather than as an isolated, one-off rhetorical phenomenon.

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A comparison of the effects of body condition and short-term food restriction on the feeding behaviour of sheep

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0308229600031408 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1996 ◽

pp. 174-174

Author(s):

A.M. Sibbald

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Body Condition ◽

Feeding Behaviour ◽

Food Restriction ◽

Term Effect ◽

Short Term ◽

Daily Food ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

Single Meal

Voluntary food intake is generally inversely related to body condition or fatness in mature sheep (Foot, 1972). Since the intake of pelleted diets by housed sheep consists of a number of discrete feeding bouts or 'meals' (e.g. Bermudez et al., 1989), the relatively long-term effect of body condition on intake will be achieved through changes in feeding behaviour at the level of a single meal. The aim of this experiment was to compare the effects of body condition and short-term food restriction on meal patterns in sheep, to investigate the mechanism by which body condition influences daily food intake.

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A Study of the Long-Term Effect of Malar Fat Repositioning in Face Lift Surgery: Short-Term Success But Long-Term Failure by Sam T. Hamra, M.D.

Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery ◽

10.1097/00006534-200209010-00037 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 110 (3) ◽

pp. 956-959 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

T. Roderick Hester

Keyword(s):

Term Effect ◽

Short Term ◽

Face Lift ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

Fat Repositioning

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Brassinosteroid-induced de-etiolation of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings resembles the long-term effects of cytokinins

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp98010 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 719 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jie Luo ◽

Ji-Chu Chen ◽

Yu-Ju Zhao

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Term Effect ◽

Hypocotyl Elongation ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

In The Wild ◽

Positive Regulators

Cytokinins can cause de-etiolation of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. seedlings growing in the dark. Brassinosteroids (BRs) have been considered to regulate negatively the de-etiolation in dark-grown Arabidopsis seedlings. We show here that epi-brassinolide (epi-BL) can partially produce the phenotype of de-etiolation as caused by treatment with cytokinins in the dark, including the development of leaves and epicotyls in the wild-type and the BR-deficient mutant det2. But BRs cannot inhibit hypocotyl elongation, nor restore all the inhibition caused by cytokinins and light. We have found that there are distinct short term and long term phases of induction of de-etiolation by cytokinins. The short-term effect is probably coupled to ethylene in the inhibition of the hypocotyl elongation; the long-term effect causes morphogenesis of leaves and epicotyls. BRs can only regulate de-etiolation in the long term. We propose that the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation of det2 in darkness is caused by the absence of BR-dependent elongation rather than the inhibition caused by the expression of genes for photomorphogenesis. We propose that BRs resemble cytokinins in regulating de-etiolation as positive regulators, and that the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and the development of leaves and epicotyls in de-etiolation are independent processes.

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Modelling large timescale and small timescale service variability

Annals of Operations Research ◽

10.1007/s10479-019-03395-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 293 (1) ◽

pp. 123-140

Author(s):

Marco Gribaudo ◽

Illés Horváth ◽

Daniele Manini ◽

Miklós Telek

Keyword(s):

Service Time ◽

Large Scale ◽

Service Time Distribution ◽

Efficient Computation ◽

Short Term ◽

Service Unit ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Short Term Variability

Abstract The performance of service units may depend on various randomly changing environmental effects. It is quite often the case that these effects vary on different timescales. In this paper, we consider small and large scale (short and long term) service variability, where the short term variability affects the instantaneous service speed of the service unit and a modulating background Markov chain characterizes the long term effect. The main modelling challenge in this work is that the considered small and long term variation results in randomness along different axes: short term variability along the time axis and long term variability along the work axis. We present a simulation approach and an explicit analytic formula for the service time distribution in the double transform domain that allows for the efficient computation of service time moments. Finally, we compare the simulation results with analytic ones.

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Long-term regulation of hexose uptake by isoproterenol in cultured 3T3 adipocytes

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1985.248.6.e706 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 248 (6) ◽

pp. E706-E711 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. P. van Putten ◽

H. M. Krans

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Prolonged Exposure ◽

Term Effect ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Fat Cell ◽

Short Term ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

Short Term Exposure ◽

Hexose Uptake

Catecholamines are known to have short-term regulatory effects on fat cell hexose uptake. We examined the long-term effects of catecholamines on the insulin-sensitive 2-deoxyglucose (dGlc) uptake in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Prolonged exposure (48 h) to isoproterenol (beta-adrenergic agonist) stimulated the basal dGlc uptake up to 90%. The effect was specific, time, concentration, and protein synthesis dependent and reversible. The effect of insulin was unaltered and superimposed on the increase in basal dGlc uptake. The long-term effect of isoproterenol was mimicked by epinephrine, dibutyryl cAMP (DBcAMP), and 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine (IBMX). By contrast, short-term exposure to isoproterenol (and epinephrine) induced a protein synthesis-independent increase in basal dGlc uptake (30%) not accompanied by an increase in insulin responsiveness. Moreover, on short-term basis, DBcAMP and IBMX suppressed both the basal and insulin-stimulated uptake up to 50%. Determination of the intracellular nonphosphorylated dGlc during the uptake and of the hexokinase activity revealed that the long-term effect of isoproterenol was most likely due to alterations low in dGlc transport. In conclusion, long-term regulators of hexose uptake are in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes, isoproterenol, and other cAMP stimulators. The long-term effect is independent from the short-term regulatory effect of the agents and from the effect of insulin.

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Mid-infrared evolution of η Carinae from 1968 to 2018

Astronomy and Astrophysics ◽

10.1051/0004-6361/201936277 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 630 ◽

pp. L6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Mehner ◽

W.-J. de Wit ◽

D. Asmus ◽

P. W. Morris ◽

C. Agliozzo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spectral Energy Distribution ◽

Circumstellar Dust ◽

Spectral Energy ◽

Short Term ◽

Dust Extinction ◽

Bolometric Luminosity ◽

Very Large Telescope ◽

Optical Wavelengths ◽

The Mean

η Car is one of the most luminous and massive stars in our Galaxy and is the brightest mid-IR source in the sky outside our solar system. Since the late 1990s, the central source has dramatically brightened at UV and optical wavelengths. This might be explained by a decrease in circumstellar dust extinction. We aim to establish the mid-IR flux evolution and further our understanding of the star’s UV and optical brightening. Mid-IR images from 8−20 μm were obtained in 2018 with VISIR at the Very Large Telescope. Archival data from 2003 and 2005 were retrieved from the ESO Science Archive Facility, and historical records were collected from publications. We present mid-IR images of η Car with the highest angular resolution to date at the corresponding wavelengths (≥0.22″). We reconstruct the mid-IR evolution of the spectral energy distribution of the spatially integrated Homunculus nebula from 1968 to 2018 and find no long-term changes. The bolometric luminosity of η Car has been stable over the past five decades. We do not observe a long-term decrease in the mid-IR flux densities that could be associated with the brightening at UV and optical wavelengths, but circumstellar dust must be declining in our line of sight alone. Short-term flux variations within about 25% of the mean levels could be present.

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The Application of Hemospray in Gastrointestinal Bleeding during Emergency Endoscopy

Gastroenterology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2017/3083481 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Alexander F. Hagel ◽

Heinz Albrecht ◽

Andreas Nägel ◽

Francesco Vitali ◽

Marcel Vetter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽

Salvage Therapy ◽

Previous Treatment ◽

Long Term Results ◽

Emergency Endoscopy ◽

Short Term ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Lower Endoscopy

Introduction. Gastrointestinal bleeding represents the main indication for emergency endoscopy (EE). Lately, several hemostatic powders have been released to facilitate EE.Methods. We evaluated all EE in which Hemospray was used as primary or salvage therapy, with regard to short- and long-term hemostasis and complications.Results. We conducted 677 EE in 474 patients (488 examinations in 344 patients were upper GI endoscopies). Hemospray was applied during 35 examinations in 27 patients (19 males), 33 during upper and 2 during lower endoscopy. It was used after previous treatment in 21 examinations (60%) and in 14 (40%) as salvage therapy. Short-term success was reached in 34 of 35 applications (97.1%), while long-term success occurred in 23 applications (65.7%). Similar long-term results were found after primary application (64,3%) or salvage therapy (66,7%). Rebleeding was found in malignant and extended ulcers. One major adverse event (2.8%) occurred with gastric perforation after Hemospray application.Discussion. Hemospray achieved short-term hemostasis in virtually all cases. The long-term effect is mainly determined by the type of bleeding source, but not whether it was applied as first line or salvage therapy. But, even in the failures, patients had benefit from hemodynamic stabilization and consecutive interventions in optimized conditions.

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