scholarly journals Effect of the increased sympathetic outflow on the changes of muscle tone and central nervous system excitability in chronic stroke patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 5019-5026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byeong-Kil Kang ◽  
Ki-Won Nam
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Sympathetic Outflow ◽  
Stroke Patients

scholarly journals Cytokines, brain proteins, and growth factors in acute stroke patients: A pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 366
Author(s):  
Atif Zafar ◽  
Mudassir Farooqui ◽  
Asad Ikram ◽  
Sajid Suriya ◽  
Duraisamy Kempuraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Multiplex Assay ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Clinical Prognosis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules

Background: Immunomodulation and cell signaling involve several cytokines, proteins, and other mediators released in response to the trauma, inflammation, or other insults to the central nervous system. This pilot study is part of the registry designed to evaluate the temporal trends among these molecules after an acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in patients. Methods: Twelve AIS patients were enrolled within 24 hours of the symptoms onset. Two sets of plasma samples were collected: First at admission and second at 24 hours after admission. Cytokines/chemokines and other inflammatory molecules were measured using multiplex assay kit. Results: An increased trend in IL-6 (22 vs. 34 pg/ml), IL-8/CXCL8 (87 vs. 98 pg/ml), MMP-9 (16225 vs. 18450 pg/ml), and GMF-β (999 vs. 3739 pg/ml) levels was observed overtime after an AIS. Patients ≤60 years had lower levels of plasma MCP-1/CCL2 (50–647 vs. 150–1159 pg/ml), IL-6 (9–25 vs. 20–68 pg/ml), and IL-8 (30– 143 vs. 72–630 pg/ml), when compared with patients >60 years old. Conclusion: Cytokines/chemokines and other inflammatory mediators play an important role in the pathogenesis of stroke in addition to mediating poststroke inflammation. Further research is needed to evaluate and characterize the cumulative trends of these mediators for the clinical prognosis or as surrogate biomarkers.

scholarly journals H2S-based therapies for ischaemic stroke: opportunities and challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Jia ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Jian Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Stroke Outcomes ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Cellular Models ◽  
Signalling Molecule ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease displaying high mortality and morbidity. Despite extensive efforts, only very few therapies are available for stroke patients as yet. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is thought to be a signalling molecule that is endogenously produced and plays functional roles in the central nervous system. Currently, numerous studies show that H2S impacts stroke outcomes in animal and cellular models. Here, we review the recent research regarding the effects of endogenously produced H2S as well as exogenous H2S donors on stroke pathology, focusing on the potential of H2S-based therapies in treating ischaemic stroke. We also discuss the several issues that hinder the clinical translation of H2S-based therapies from the bench. Taken together, we think that H2S-based therapies are promising strategies for treating cerebral ischaemia if we successfully address these issues.

Central Nervous System Noradrenergic Control of Sympathetic Outflow in Normotensive and Hypertensive Humans

1995 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 409-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Esler ◽  
G. W. Lambert ◽  
C. Ferrier ◽  
D. M. Kaye ◽  
B. G. Wallin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Outflow

scholarly journals Mechanism of penile erection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selim Cellek
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Erectile Function ◽  
Penile Erection ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Main Determinant ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tone ◽  
Sexual Stimuli ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Sexual stimuli (tactile, visual, olfactory, and imaginative) are processed and integrated in the central nervous system which then activates certain autonomic and somatic pathways within the peripheral nervous system. This coordinated activation of the central and peripheral nervous systems leads to penile erection which is actually a result of relaxation of vascular and cavernosal smooth muscle in the penis. In the flaccid (detumescent) penis, the smooth muscle tone is heightened. Penile erection (tumescence) requires a decrease in the smooth muscle tone. The tone of the penile smooth muscle therefore is the main determinant of erectile function. In this chapter, the current information on the control of erectile function by this central-peripheral-smooth muscle axis will be reviewed.

scholarly journals Selective peripheral neurotomy (SPN) as a treatment strategy for spasticity

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Juan Fan ◽  
Ronald Milosevic ◽  
Shijie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Stretch Reflex ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Central Nervous System Dysfunction ◽  
Pediatric Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Selective Posterior Rhizotomy

Spasticity can be caused by central nervous system dysfunction, such as cerebral palsy and stroke. The accepted pathogenesis of spasticity is that the muscles are in the state of uninhibited stretch reflex without enough control of central nervous system. So far, there is no ideal way about how to repair central nervous system. However, the uninhibited stretch reflex can be reduced, targeting the posterior root of the spinal cord and peripheral nerves innervating the limbs, which are called selective posterior rhizotomy (SPR) and selective peripheral neurotomy (SPN), respectively. SPN is indicated for focal or multifocal spasticity, which is well accepted due to its low invasiveness and ease of use. How does the operation work? What do we do before and during this operation? Is there any risk to the patients? Our review summarizes the mechanism, indications, preoperative assessments, techniques, and complications of SPN. We hope that the spastic patients, such as pediatric cerebral palsy patients and older stroke patients, will benefit from this surgery.

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