Menschliche Individualität

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Philosophical Theory ◽  
Essential Characteristic ◽  
Epistemological Foundation ◽  
Human Type ◽  
Epistemic Access ◽  
The 19Th Century

It is part of our self-understanding as humans to ascribe individuality to. But what our particular individuality consists of cannot be generally determined, because the concept of individuality aims precisely at the uniqueness and unmistakability of each individual. A philosophical theory of human individuality must therefore essentially be a theory of human self-understanding. The book substantiates this thesis both in philosophical-historical and in philosophical-systematical perspective. The author takes up problem descriptions from the founding phase of human sciences in the 19th century and develops a proposal that identifies a specifically human type of epistemic access to oneself as an essential characteristic of human individuality. The epistemological foundation of philosophical anthropology presented in this study is thus simultaneously an innovative contribution to the hermeneutics of the human self.

scholarly journals Collections d’ethnographie et musées d’archéologie: entre désaveux muséologiques et jalons de l’histoire des sciences de l’Homme

ORGANON ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 75-100
Author(s):  
Adèle Chevalie
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
The 19Th Century

The fact that ethnographical collections, often ancient, are preserved in archaeological museums nowadays might not be obvious. The material culture of living societies is not, indeed, the priority of archaeologists, who are mainly interested in societies of the past. However, a museological and historical approach makes it possible to study these collections and highlight their differential management according to institutions and epistemological developments in the human sciences, since the middle of the 19th century.

Konturen der Kulturwissenschaft/en – einleitende Überlegungen

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Metten
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Epistemological Foundation ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Radical Transformation

AbstractThe article focuses on the founding narratives of Kulturwissenschaft/en in Germany (studies of culture) that have been addressed in the last decades. According to these narratives, Kulturwissenschaft/en are either described as the result of a fundamental crisis of the humanities or as the result of a radical transformation of the lifeworld since the 19th century. These narratives, however, have not lead to an epistemological foundation of German Kulturwissenschaft/en. Against this background, the article outlines in which ways Kulturwissenschaft as a discipline can be understood as an academic reflexion based on experiences of otherness and difference. Therefore, it will be argued that an epistemology of Kulturwissenschaft may provide a broader framework reflecting the complex and conflictual relation of academic research and culture as well as media as essential conditions of cultural knowledge.

scholarly journals Metode Hermeneutika dan Permasalahannya Dalam Penafsiran Al-Quran

EL-Ghiroh ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 65-86
Author(s):  
Taufik Mukmin
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Philosophical Theory ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Truth Value ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Reading Interpretation

Hermeneutics is a method or philosophical theory to interpret symbols related to the text in order to know the meaning and meaning. it was first used in the study of the Koran in the 19th century AD by Islamic scholars, but many scholars questioned it. This is because it can doubt the authenticity and sanctity of the Koran. Besides that, hermeneutics has been used to interpret bible to find its truth value. The Qur'an serves every question and objection from its readers, who come from various cultural backgrounds and scientific disciplines. Because the scriptures cannot speak for themselves, they need understanding, reading, interpretation and repetition of reinterpretations that are generally carried out by experts in the same way. In addition, the distance between the birth of the text and the period of interpretation is very long. For this reason, a methodological "means" is needed to understand the text in question.

Towards a New Historiography of Psychoanalysis: In Defence of Psychoanalysis as Science – An Essay on George Makari's Revolution in Mind

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Cotti
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Scientific Thought ◽  
History Of Psychoanalysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The 19Th Century

Makari's work, Revolution in Mind, presents readers with the opportunity to reconsider and compare the manner in which the history of psychoanalysis has been understood in France and English-speaking countries until now. In demonstrating how the birth of psychoanalysis constituted a legitimate revolution of scientific thought and addressed questions left unanswered by philosophy and human sciences in the middle of the 19th century, G. Makari offers a new historiography of psychoanalysis.

scholarly journals Проблема исламизации Поволжья в трудах Ш. Марджани

Islamology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Azat Akhunov
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Revolutionary Period ◽  
Final Acceptance

Among the 19th century Tatar historians Shihabaddin Mardjani (1818-1889) can be named as a pioneer of the historical science in the European sense. More than 30 works devoted to various subjects of Islamic theology belong to his pen. There are historical ones among his works. Sh. Mardjani’s contribution to human sciences was so significant that his works were recognized even during the Soviet era. While the rest of Tatar pre-revolutionary period (until 1917) legacies were under the ban, Mardjani was presented as a historian without mentioning his achievements in Islamic sciences. In our research we are examining the topic of Islamization of the Volga area in Mardjani’s works. As it is known, the official date of adoption of Islam by Tatar ancestors, i.e. Bulgharians, was in year 922 according to Christian calendar. However, some Tatar historians of 18th-19th centuries (e.g. Hisamaddin Muslimi, Tajaddin Yalchigul) argued that Islam has already been practiced in the Volga region in the first centuries of Islam, while the first missionaries were the Companions of the Prophet Muhammad. Shihabaddin Mardjani criticized them for using unreliable information and sources in their works. According to Mardjani the Islamization of the Volga region happened at the same time as Arabs entered Spain at the beginning of 8th century, while in Bulghar Islam appeared in the 8th-9th centuries. In Mardjani’s opinion, the final acceptance and strengthening of Islam in the region happened during Uzbek Khan reign over the Golden Horde (1313-1342).

scholarly journals Estetyka, etyka i logika ogrodu. Filozofia Rosaria Assunta

2018 ◽  
pp. 79-99
Author(s):  
Mateusz Salwa
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Philosophical Theory ◽  
German Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Interpretation ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Man And Nature ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The 19Th Century

The essay offers a philosophical interpretation of the concept of the garden accordingto the contemporary Italian aesthetician Rosario Assunto (1915–1994). Assuntosystematically developed a philosophical theory focused on the question of theidentity of the garden. He was interested in the “idea of the Garden” which, in hisopinion, determined historical gardens both at the ontological and epistemologicallevel. He defined the garden in terms of a happy connection of man and nature, basedon the aesthetic contemplation of beauty, characteristic of all the gardens regardlessof historical differences among them. According to Assunto, gardens are places whichcombine together aesthetics, ethics, and logic. This combination determines theunique identity of the garden which takes various forms, depending on the individualpoetics of their makers, socio-historical realities, taste, and the correspondent ideas ofnature. Assunto’s starting points are thus historical versions of the garden, descriptiveliterature, and German philosophy of the turn of the 19th century. For the Italianphilosopher, gardens have not only historical and artistic, but also ecological aspects,so that they should be protected and restored. Assunto’s theory is a unique proposalwhich anticipates today’s reflection on the topic of gardens, but seems much moresatisfactory than many contemporary approaches (A. Berleant, M. Miller, S. Ross).

scholarly journals التاريخيّة: المفهوم وتوظيفاته الحداثية

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (63) ◽  
pp. 74-47
Author(s):  
مرزوق العمري
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
The 19Th Century

من المصطلحات التي أنتجتها الفلسفة الحديثة مصطلح "التاريخية"، الذي كانت بداية ظهوره في نهاية القرن التاسع عشر، وأخذ بعد ذلك ينتشر، وتجلّت الحاجة إليه بفعل التطور الذي عرفته العلوم الإنسانية، واستفحال نـزعة الحداثة ثم ما بعد الحداثة. وقد قامت الدراسة بتوضيح مفهوم التاريخية: لغة واصطلاحاً ودلالة، ومحاولة التفريق بينه وبين مفهوم حداثي آخر هو التاريخانية، ورأت أن ثمة توظيفات حداثية للمفهوم في الخطاب الحداثي العربي. ومن أهمها نقد القراءة السائدة، والنظر إلى التاريخية بوصفها مقولة متقدمة، ودورها في مجال دراسة النصوص، واتخذت الدراسة من محمد أركون ونصر حامد أبو زيد نموذجين لتمثيل هذا المفهوم. Modern philosophy has produced certain terms, one of these terms is "historicism" which has emerged by the end of the 19th century, and spread widely through the development of human sciences and the spread of modernity and post modernity. This paper explained the concept and compared it with another one, namely "historicity." The paper found out that historicism has modern applications in modern Arab discourse such as the criticism of prevalent reading, and the study of text. The focus of the study is the writings of Muhammad Arcon and Nasr Hamid Abuzaid.

Grammatical Descriptions in Manchu Grammar Books from the Qing Dynasty

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
Takashi Takekoshi
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The 19Th Century

In this paper, we analyse features of the grammatical descriptions in Manchu grammar books from the Qing Dynasty. Manchu grammar books exemplify how Chinese scholars gave Chinese names to grammatical concepts in Manchu such as case, conjugation, and derivation which exist in agglutinating languages but not in isolating languages. A thorough examination reveals that Chinese scholarly understanding of Manchu grammar at the time had attained a high degree of sophistication. We conclude that the reason they did not apply modern grammatical concepts until the end of the 19th century was not a lack of ability but because the object of their grammatical descriptions was Chinese, a typical isolating language.

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