9 Judicial Interpretation or Judicial Activism? The Legacy of Rationalism in the Studies of the Court of Justice of the European Union

2019 ◽  
pp. 161-180
Author(s):  
Andreas Grimmel
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Judicial Activism ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Judicial Interpretation ◽  
Court Of Justice

scholarly journals Prototype Theory in the Judicial Practice of the Court of Justice of the European Union. A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-119
Author(s):  
Mateusz Zeifert
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Semantic Theory ◽  
Prototype Theory ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Judicial Interpretation ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Court Of Justice

Abstract Prototype theory is a semantic theory according to which the membership of conceptual categories is based not on a list of criterial features, but rather on the similarity to the most representative member of the category. Consequently, conceptual categories may lack classical definitions and rigid boundaries. This article supports the claims, already made by other scholars working in the field, that prototype theory may greatly augment our understanding of legal (i.e. statutory, judicial) interpretation. Legal provisions are traditionally written as classical definitions, but they are rarely applied that way. Statutory concepts tend to be interpreted with a great deal of flexibility, using a wide array of extra-textual factors. This is especially true for the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, which has to deal with the challenges of the multilingual, supranational law of the European Union.

12. The Court of Justice of the European Union

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilias Kapsis
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Judicial Activism ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
History Of ◽  
Civil Service Tribunal ◽  
The Eu

This chapter focuses on the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), the judicial arm of the European Union. The CJEU consists of three courts: the Court of Justice, the European General Court, and the Civil Service Tribunal. Its mission is to ensure that ‘in the interpretation and application’ of the treaties of the Union ‘the law is observed’. The chapter first traces the history of the CJEU before discussing issues of structure and procedure, the extent of the Courts' jurisdiction, and their role in the promotion of European integration. It then considers the criticism directed at the CJEU for the way it exercises its judicial powers, and more specifically the reaction of member states to its ‘judicial activism’. It concludes with an assessment of the main challenges facing the EU courts.

scholarly journals Court of Justice of the European Union: historiography of European sources published in the period 1957-1992

2021 ◽  
pp. 292-299
Author(s):  
I. V. Kaminska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Judicial Activism ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The Eu

Before proceeding to the analysis and characterization of foreign publications, all the sources we found were systematized according to the time criterion, according to which all the publications found, which in one way or another examined the Court of Justice, we divided into three periods, namely: I period (1957–1992); II period (1992–2007); III period (2007-present). The division was based on the periodization of the development of European integration, or rather its main stages. And the period – the creation and functioning of the European Communities (from the Treaties of Rome to the signing of the Maastricht Treaty); II period – the formation of the European Union (signing of the Maastricht, Amsterdam, Nice treaties); Period III – the functioning of the European Union in its modern form (after the signing of the Lisbon Treaty and until now). Thanks to this systematization, we were able to demonstrate what topics were relevant among scholars in a particular period of development of integration and functioning of the Court of Justice. The main presentation of the material is devoted to the results of the analysis of foreign scientific publications concerning the principles of organization and functioning of the Court of Justice published in the period 1957–1992. We found that most scientific papers were published by scientists from Great Britain, Italy, Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, France which account for a significant share of the work of judges and Advocates-General of the Court of Justice. All foreign sources published in this period were analyzed by us on the subject of research and grouped by subject. Thus, we found that in the period 1957–1992.current research topics on the Court of Justice of the EU were: protection of individuals in the EU law and order; methods of interpretation in the decision of the Court of Justice of the EU; judicial control in the EU; the legal nature of the interaction between national judicial institutions and the Court of Justice and their impact on the uniform application of the Community legal order and its organic combination with the national legal order; judicial activism; principles of EU law; the role of EU judges in the development of European integration. Keywords: EU Court, judicial activism, EU legal order, principles of EU law, EU court decision.

scholarly journals Personal interino del sector público y nombramientos abusivos a la luz del asunto "Sánchez Ruiz/Fernández Álvarez"

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-37
Author(s):  
Ignasi Beltran de Heredia Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Judicial Interpretation ◽  
Deep Impact ◽  
Temporary Contracts ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Unitary System ◽  
Domestic Law

Laburpena: Laburpena: Aldi baterako kontratazioan gehiegikeriari aurre egiteko Europar Batasuneko eta barneko neurriek ez dute sistema bateratu bat osatu, logika estratifikatu bati erantzun diote. Arkitektura horri esker, barne-zuzenbideak Europako gidalerroetatik eta horiei eusteko tresnetatik aldendu da. Horren ondorioz (beste arrazoi batzuekin batera), behin-behinekotasun tasa onartezinak sortu dira eta fenomeno patologiko eta kroniko bihurtu da. Azterlan honek Europar Batasuneko Justizia Auzitegiaren (EBJA) doktrina aztertzen du, «Sánchez Ruiz/Fernández Álvarez» gai garrantzitsuraino, bai eta horrek sektore publikoko bitarteko langileen izendapenetan (ondoz ondokoak izan edo ez) gehiegizko behin-behinekotasunaren aurkako arauetan duen eragin sakona ere. Europar Batasuneko doktrinak azken urteetan izan duen bilakaerak agerian uzten du barne-arau-esparruarekin eta haren interpretazio judizialarekin bat ez datorrela, eta atzeraezina dela neurri eraginkorrak sartzea kolektibo horren egoera larria zuzentzeko. Azterlanak, halaber, une honetatik aurrera jarraitu beharreko araugintza- eta interpretazio-jarraibide nagusien deskribapena egiten du, eremu horretako behin-behinekotasunaren izaera erabat atipikoa zuzentzen lagundu beharko luketenak. Resumen: Las medidas comunitarias e internas para combatir el abuso en la contratación temporal no han conformado un sistema unitario sino que han respondido a una lógica estratificada. Esta arquitectura ha permitido al derecho interno operar alejándose de las directrices comunitarias y de sus resortes de contención. Lo que ha desembocando (en conjunción con otras causas) en unas tasas de temporalidad intolerables y convirtiéndose en un fenómeno patológico y crónico. Este estudio lleva a cabo un análisis de la doctrina del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea (TJUE) hasta el importante asunto «Sánchez Ruiz/Fernández Álvarez» y de su profundo impacto en las normas contra la temporalidad abusiva en los nombramientos (sucesivos o no) del pesonal interino del sector público. El recorrido en la evolución de la doctrina comunitaria de los últimos años que se lleva a cabo evidencia el desajuste con el marco normativo interno y su interpretación judicial y la inaplazable necesidad de introducir medidas efectivas que corrijan la grave situación de este colectivo. El estudio también hace una descripción de las principales directrices normativas e interpretativas a seguir a partir de este momento y que deberían contribuir a corregir el carácter absolutamente atípico de la temporalidad en este ámbito. Abstract: Both national and the European Union (EU) measures to combat abuse in temporary contracts haven’t conformed a unitary system but have responded to a stratified logic. This architecture has allowed domestic law to operate away from EU guidelines and its containment elements. These factors have led (in conjunction with other causes) into intolerable temporality rates which have become a pathological and chronic phenomenon.This essay analyses the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) doctrine up to the «Sánchez Ruiz/Fernández Álvarez» case and its deep impact on the national regulations to prevent abusive use of fixed-term appointments (successive or not) of public sector interim staff. The study of the evolution of recent CJEU doctrine that is carried out shows the mismatch with the internal regulatory framework and its judicial interpretation and the urgent need to introduce effective measures to correct the serious situation of this collective. The study provides as well a description of the policy and interpretation guidelines to follow from now on. These measures should contribute to mitigate theatypic temporality rates in this sector.

The Impact of the Court of Justice of the European Union on the Legal System of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
ROMAN PETROV
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Legal System ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
The Impact

У статті досліджено вплив Суду Європейського Союзу (ЄС) на впровадження і застосування Угоди про асоціацію між Україною та ЄС, що викликало безпрецедентні політичні, економічні та правові реформи в Україні. Зокрема, розглядаються конституційні виклики, які постали перед державою під час виконання Угоди в правовій системі. Крім того, досліджено два питання. Перше – ефективне впровадження та застосування Угоди про асоціацію між Україною та ЄС в українській правовій системі. Друге – сумісність і відповідність Угоди Конституції України. Проаналізовано останні політичні та правові події в Україні через призму ефективної реалізації Угоди про асоціацію між Україною та ЄС і зростання проєвропейського правового активізму в державі. На закінчення стверджується, що Угода про асоціацію між Україною та ЄС посилює пристосованість національного конституційного устрою до цілей досягнення європейської інтеграції та застосування європейських спільних цінностей в Україні. Угода про асоціацію між Україною та ЄС створила стійку інституційну та правову основу для застосування acquis ЄС (правового доробку ЄС), включаючи прецедентне право ЄС та комплексне законодавче наближення між законодавством України та ЄС. Однак інституційні реформи, які вже відбулися, не можна вважати цілком достатніми. Верховній Раді України не вдалося запровадити основні та процедурні засади для застосування та впровадження Угоди в правовий порядок України. Однак ця прогалина частково заповнюється зростаючим судовим активізмом в Україні. Вітчизняні судді вже почали посилатися на Угоду про асоціацію між Україною та ЄС і відповідні частини acquis ЄС у своїх рішеннях, тим самим закладаючи основу для регулярного застосування загальних принципів права ЄС у процесі виконання й імплементації Угоди про асоціацію між Україною та ЄС.

Institutional organisation of the European Union in the time of crisis – horizontal division of power and functions

2016 ◽  
pp. 54-66
Author(s):  
Monika Poboży
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
European Council ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Strong Position ◽  
Institutional System ◽  
The Eu

The article poses a question about the existence of the rule of separation of powers in the EU institutional system, as it is suggested by the wording of the treaties. The analysis led to the conclusion, that in the EU institutional system there are three separated functions (powers) assigned to different institutions. The Council and the European Parliament are legislative powers, the Commission and the European Council create a “divided executive”. The Court of Justice is a judicial power. The above mentioned institutions gained strong position within their main functions (legislative, executive, judicial), but the proper mechanisms of checks and balances have not been developed, especially in the relations between legislative and executive power. These powers do not limit one another in the EU system. In the EU there are therefore three separated but arbitrary powers – because they do not limit and balance one another, and are not fully controlled by the member states.

Fighting for Authority: Strategic Actions of National High Courts in the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2-2019) ◽  
pp. 419-433
Author(s):  
Stefanie Vedder
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Court Of Justice ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Principal Agent Theory ◽  
Strategic Actions ◽  
High Courts ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
European Court ◽  
Lower Courts

National high courts in the European Union (EU) are constantly challenged: the European Court of Justice (ECJ) claims the authority to declare national standing interpretations invalid should it find them incompatible with its views on EU law. This principle noticeably impairs the formerly undisputed sovereignty of national high courts. In addition, preliminary references empower lower courts to question interpretations established by their national ‘superiors’. Assuming that courts want to protect their own interests, the article presumes that national high courts develop strategies to elude the breach of their standing interpretations. Building on principal-agent theory, the article proposes that national high courts can use the level of (im-) precision in the wording of the ECJ’s judgements to continue applying their own interpretations. The article develops theoretical strategies for national high courts in their struggle for authority.

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