scholarly journals Management of Covid-19 Disease in Pediatric Oncology Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatice Mine Cakmak
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Radiological Features ◽  
Pediatric Cancer Patients ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Critical Patients ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Pediatric cancer patients are immunocompromised, and the risks are higher in this population. Confirmed cases are defined as PCR (polymerase chain reaction) positive patients. The severity of infection is divided into four groups: asymptomatic/mild, moderate, severe, and critical, based on the clinical, laboratory, and radiological features. In the pediatric population, the COVID-19 disease has a mild course. Chemotherapy courses can be interrupted according to the symptoms and severity of the disease. Azithromycin, antivirals are used as a single agent or in combination. In critical patients, convalescent plasma, mesenchymal stem cells, tocilizumab, and granulocyte transfusions are administered. In recent studies, having hematological malignancy, stem cell transplantation, a mixed infection, and abnormal computerized tomography findings increase the severity of the disease and the need for an intensive care unit. Therefore, the patients and their families should be aware of a higher risk of severe forms than immunocompetent children.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis osteomyelitis of the tibia mimicking Brodie abscess: A case report and review of the literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 2050313X1986945
Author(s):  
Abdülkadir Sari ◽  
Yaşar Mahsut Dinçel ◽  
Ibrahim Halil Erdogdu ◽  
Hakan Sezgin Sayıner ◽  
Ismail Agir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Radiographic Appearance ◽  
Brodie’S Abscess ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background: Tuberculosis osteomyelitis is rarely seen in the diaphyseal bones. It may be confused with Brodie’s abscess due to similar clinical, radiological and laboratory findings. Late diagnosis of the disease causes bone destruction. Tuberculosis osteomyelitis of the bone is a rare condition caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Its incidence has increased in Western countries in recent years due to HIV infection, increasing elderly population and emerging resistant strains. The slow progress of tuberculous osteomyelitis, due to lack of significant elevations in the laboratory values and changes in the radiographic appearance, often leads to confusion with the subtypes of subacute osteomyelitis, defined as Brodie’s abscess. These two low-virulence clinical cases often lead to delays in diagnosis and progressive bone destruction. Case presentation: We report a 65-year-old male patient who presented to our clinic with pain, swelling and sensitivity in the left leg. Diagnosed with infection in the tibia, the patient had undergone antibiotherapy. However, the patient’s symptoms were not resolved and we performed bone curettage and cementation. M. tuberculosis-specific DNA was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and the M. tuberculosis complex was produced from the perioperative samples. Conclusion: In conclusion, histopathological examination and polymerase chain reaction are essential before surgery of subacute and chronic osteomyelitis with atypical clinical, laboratory and radiological findings for early diagnosis and accurate treatment.

Association of Drowning and Myocarditis in a Pediatric Population: An Autopsy-Based Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
Gino R. Somers ◽  
Charles R. Smith ◽  
Gregory J. Wilson ◽  
Maria Zielenska ◽  
Raymond Tellier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrate ◽  
Myocardial Hypertrophy ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Accidental Death ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Female Children ◽  
Autopsy Examination ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Context.—Drowning is a frequent cause of accidental death in childhood, but the association of myocarditis and drowning has only rarely been reported. Objective.—To report 5 cases of drowning in children with coexistent myocarditis. Design.—A retrospective review of autopsy records of patients 0 years to 18 years of age was performed during a 6-year period (1998–2003, total cases reviewed = 1431). Results.—Twenty-two drownings were identified, in 14 male and 8 female children. Five patients (23%), 3 female and 2 male children, had coexistent myocarditis. The 5 patients ranged in age from 23 months to 13 years (mean, 7 years 2 months). None of the patients had antecedent symptomatology suggestive of myocarditis. In all patients, the myocarditis was focal mild or moderate, and the inflammatory infiltrate comprised lymphocytes with smaller numbers of neutrophils. All 5 patients had foci of myocyte necrosis. One patient had histologic evidence of myocardial hypertrophy but no evidence of a cardiomyopathy. Microbiologic studies, including culture, immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, revealed Mycoplasma pneumoniae DNA in 1 case. Conclusions.—The finding of myocarditis in a significant proportion of drowning victims in this series highlights the importance of a thorough autopsy examination in apparently straightforward cases and has clinicopathologic significance.

Introducing a Molecular Test Into the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory: Development, Evaluation, and Validation

2003 ◽  
Vol 127 (9) ◽  
pp. 1106-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty A. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Clinical Microbiology ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Context.—In the mid-1980s, the polymerase chain reaction methodology for the amplification of minute amounts of target DNA was successfully developed and then introduced into clinical use; such technology has led to a revolution in diagnostic testing. Despite enormous advances in the detection of infectious agents by amplification methods, there are also limitations that must be addressed. Objective.—To highlight the pertinent steps and issues associated with the introduction of an amplification assay into a clinical microbiology laboratory as well as the subsequent ongoing activities following its introduction into routine laboratory use. Data Sources.—Data were obtained from literature searches from 1990 through September 2002 using the subject headings “polymerase chain reaction,” “molecular assays,” and “amplification” as well as publications of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Data Extraction and Synthesis.—Using the findings obtained from these studies and publications, the process of introducing a molecular assay into the clinical microbiology laboratory was broken down into 4 major components: (1) initial phase of assay development, (2) polymerase chain reaction assay verification in which analytic sensitivity and specificity is determined, (3) assay validation to determine clinical sensitivity and specificity, and (4) interpretation of results and ongoing, required activities. The approach, as well as the advantages and limitations involved in each step of the process, was highlighted and discussed within the context of the published literature. Conclusions.—The application of molecular testing methods in the clinical laboratory has dramatically improved our ability to diagnose infectious diseases. However, the clinical usefulness of molecular testing will only be maximized to its fullest benefit by appropriate and careful studies correlating clinical findings with assay results.

The Influence of Prayer on Critical Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiumarth Amini ◽  
Adeleh Sahebnasagh ◽  
Mojtaba Mojtahedzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
General Search ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Critical Patients ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Positive Effect

Background: Critical patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) might experience some degree of depression or anxiety, due to different treatments and medications they receive. These mental conditions can persist even years after hospital discharge. Therefore, the mental health of these patients is one of the particular interests. In this context, religious traditions and prayers are considered during the illness process. Objectives: The current article reviews the beneficial effects of prayer in light of research conducted in this area. Methods: A general search for electronic databases (Medline, Science Direct and Springer databases) was developed. The human studies of the influence of prayers in critically ill patients were evaluated. Results: The results indicated that prayer might be effective in reducing the severity of the disease in patients admitted to intensive care units and it has a positive effect on critical ICU patients. Conclusions: It is recommended that a prayer-based approach be taken to improve the mental health of these patients in a clinical setting.

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