An Approach To Cultural Competency Education in The Cuban Pharmacy Currriculum

Background The aim of this monograph was advocate for a holistic, programmatic approach to integrating cultural competence education as a call to action for a new Cuban pharmacy curricular development. Methods A general search was conducted using terms specific to Cuban health care, culture, and education, combined with terms linked to cultural competence, global health, and pharmacy education. Additionally, relevant statements by the Pan American Health Organization and World Health Organization were searched. Results Cuba is a culturally rich country with complex and diverse perspectives on health. Cuban culture is the result of extremely broad and tedious transculturation processes; at the same time, health and education in Cuba are additionally entwined politically, a condition not always statistically available to be studied, nor scientifically referenced to be verified. Therefore, it is not possible to exhaust the subject in a single inquiry. Conclusions It is hoped that this paper will also set the foundation for additional scholarly work with recommendations regarding a clearer programmatic approach to help in the establishment of partnerships between Cuba faculties of pharmacy with other countries in a global pharmacy education framework.

Estimation of Executive Extension Needs of Rural Women in the Field of Rationalizing Food Consumption Using Broach's

Empowering rural women and girls is not only a fundamental need for agricultural development but also one of the most prominent components of social and economic progress and sustainable development in general. Search data gathered through the questionnaire, the interview with 120 properly addressed, after compiling the data are encoded and discharged and scheduling to fit the statistical analysis methods used, and used some appropriate statistical methods as a percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, as well as using frequency tables to display data, use the SPSS program. The variable was measured for the indicative requirements using equation Borich's needs assessment guidelines. The parent survey results that most rural women aged boys with active level by 59.2%, and education level between a medium and illiteracy, for the exposure to mass media level was low by 76.7%. The most of the sources of information were from Mother of husband by 80%. In conclusion the need to utilize the remaining food through several smaller units to take advantage of it to make a new meal, so they must diversify its sources of information and guidance for the purpose of upgrading rural women to benefit from food waste.

Intelligent Tutoring System: A Bibliometric Analysis and Systematic Literature Review

This article is a bibliometric analysis and literature review, having a central axis the evaluation mediated by Intelligent Tutors Systems (ITS) in education, seeking to establish state of the art on the implementations executed in the last 42 years and their impact on the evaluation process. It was based on a bibliometric analysis of 1,890 abstracts, allowing to establish the main information sources in the field. The first filter was carried out with R software and bibliometric techniques with a general search equation that allowed access to all the production of ITS registered in Scopus; this analysis used keywords and summaries. Subsequently, with the help of artificial intelligence, text mining was used to identify topics of interest in the scientific community, followed by new filtering. Finally, the selected full texts were analyzed with NVIVO software extracting emerging challenges in the field, obtaining 164 complete texts for analysis. Among the main findings, the primary purpose of evaluation in ITS was summative, peer evaluation and self-evaluation did not have the same level of importance as hetero evaluation, and ITS focus was quantitative; all this allowed us to conclude that the analyzed texts did not implement a holistic perspective.

A final word on FCNC-Baryogenesis from two Higgs doublets

Electroweak baryogenesis in a two-Higgs doublet model is a well-motivated and testable scenario for physics beyond the Standard Model. An attractive way of providing CP violation is through flavor-changing Higgs couplings, where the top-charm coupling is hardly constrained. This minimal scenario can be tested by searching for heavy charged and neutral Higgs bosons at the LHC. While the charged Higgs signature requires a dedicated analysis, the neutral Higgs signature will be covered by a general search for same-sign top pairs. Together, they provide a conclusive test of this kind of baryogenesis.

An exploration of e-cigarette-related search items on YouTube (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) products are increasingly being used by youth and this trend is linked in part to pro-e-cigarette content on social media. YouTube is a popular platform used by youth to consume, produce, and share e-cigarette videos. YouTube has also become a valuable resource for researchers to learn about e-cigarette use, trends, marketing, and perceptions. However, there is currently a lack of understanding on whether or how similar e-cigarette-related search items used to obtain YouTube videos are related or are relatively mutually exclusive. This study uses novel methods to evaluate the relationship of e-cigarette-related search items to each other. OBJECTIVE To apply network modeling and rule-based classification to characterize the relationships between e-cigarette-related search items. We also gauged the level of importance of each search item as part of an e-cigarette information network. METHODS We used 16 fictitious YouTube profiles to retrieve 4201 distinct videos from 18 keywords related to e-cigarettes. We used network modeling to represent the relationships between the search items. Moreover, we developed a rule-based classification approach to classify videos. We used betweenness centrality (BC) and correlations between nodes (ie, search items) to help us gain knowledge of the underlying structure of the information network. RESULTS Modeling search items and videos as a network, we observed that broad search items such as “e-cig” had the most connections to other search items and specific search items such as “cigalike” had the least connections. Search items with similar words (eg, “vape” and “vaping”) and also search items with similar meaning (eg, “e-liquid” and “e-juice”) yielded a high degree of connectedness. We also found that each node has 18 connections (common videos) on average. BC indicates that general search items such as “electronic cigarette” and “vaping” have high importance in the network (0.00836). Our rule-based classification sorted videos into four categories (ie, e-cigarette devices (34-57%), cannabis vaping (16-28%), e-liquid (14-37 %), and “other” ( 8-22%)). CONCLUSIONS Our methods evaluated the search items in items of their importance in the network of e-cigarette-related content and visualized the relationships as well as their strength through correlations between search items. Our methods can be used to identify the importance and overlap and uniqueness of e-cigarette-related search items.

Opportunities and Challenges of Online Take-Home Exams in Medical Education

Context: Student assessment is an essential part of higher education. Many different technology-based assessment methods have been formed with the increasing development of IT and its introduction into the education system. Online take-home exams are computer-based exams in which the examinees can take at a place of their own choice and on their own computers. Despite its benefits, this method is faced with certain problems. The present study investigates the challenges in holding take-home computer-based exams in medical sciences and various solutions proposed to use this method more extensively in Iran in situations of crisis. Evidence Acquisition: The present review article was drafted upon a search conducted in Scopus, Google Scholar, and Google’s general search engine using the following keywords and search strategies: "Take-home exam", OR "Take-home assessment", OR, "Online exam", OR "Online assessment", AND "Higher education". The content of the related documents published from 2009 to 2020, including articles, books, and web pages, was selected and assessed, and 35 articles were finally used to accomplish the study objectives. Results: Online take-home exams have many advantages, including reduced human errors, rapid scoring, and reduced stress on the examinees. Nonetheless, one of the limitations of this examination method is that the examinees may not meet all the criteria required for taking exams at home. The obvious risk is students’ unethical conduct and cheating, which composes a major challenge of this examination modality. Conclusions: The reliability and correctness of exams can be improved using combination techniques, question banks, and giving random equivalent questions to each candidate that are not necessarily similar, and also mixing up the questions and their answers, which can provide a tool for preventing or limiting cheating. Online monitoring systems are also one of the strategies proposed for ongoing monitoring of online exams by an invigilator that are generally developed through artificial intelligence.

Two decades of research on CBCT imaging in DMFR – an appraisal of scientific evidence

Objective: This article aims to appraise how scientific evidence related to CBCT has changed over the years, based on levels of evidence and diagnostic efficacy. Methods: A general search strategy was used in different databases (Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science) to identify systematic reviews (SRs) on CBCT until November of 2020. The SRs included were divided according to different specialties of dentistry. A critical review of the articles was made, describing the level of evidence and efficacy. Results: In total, 75 articles were selected. There was an increase in the number of SRs on CBCT from 2014 onwards, as 83% of the SRs on this topic were published after 2013, and 72% between 2016 and to date. Twenty SRs (27%) performed meta-analysis. Only 28% of the SRs provided a detailed description of CBCT protocols. According to SR evidence, almost all specialties of dentistry have advanced concomitantly with the introduction of CBCT. The majority of SRs were related to clinical applications (level 2 of efficacy), followed by technical parameters (level 1 of efficacy). Only some CBCT models were mentioned in the SRs selected. Conclusion: Over the course of 20 years, SRs related to CBCT applications for a broad range of dental specialties have been published, with the vast majority of studies at levels 1 and 2 of diagnostic efficacy. Not all CBCT models available on the market have been scientifically validated. At all times, one should remain cautious as such not to simply extrapolate in vitro results to the clinical setting. Also, considering the wide variety of CBCT devices and protocols, reported results should not be overstated or generalized, as outcomes often refer to specific CBCT devices and protocols.

Performance evaluation of web search engines in image retrieval: An experimental study

This experimental study used a checklist to evaluate the performance of seven search engines consisting of four Image General Search Engines (IGSEs) (namely, Google, Yahoo DuckDuckGo and Bing), and three Image Specialized Search Engines (ISSEs) (namely, Flicker, PicSearch, and GettyImages) in image retrieval. The findings indicated that the recall average of Image General Search Engines and Image Specialized Search Engines was found to be 76.32% and 24/51% with the precision average of 82/08% and 32/21%, respectively. As the results showed, Yahoo, Google and DuckDuckGo ranked at the top in image retrieval with no significant difference. However, a remarkable superiority with almost 50% difference was observed between the general and specialized image search engines. It was also found that an intense competition existed between Google, Yahoo and DuckDuckGo in image retrieval. The overall results can provide valuable insights for new search engine designers and users in choosing the appropriate search engines for image retrieval. Moreover, the results obtained through the applied equations could be used in assessing and evaluating other search tools, including search engines.

Annual trends in Google searches provides insights related to rhinosinusitis exacerbations

Purpose Temporal trends of disease-specific internet searches may provide novel insights into seasonal dynamics of disease burden and, by extension, disease pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to define the temporal trends in rhinosinusitis-specific internet searches. Methods This was a cross sectional analysis of search volume for predefined search terms. Google trends was used to explore the volume of searches for five specific search terms related to rhinosinusitis: nose, mucus, sinus, sinusitis, chronic sinusitis, which were entered into Google web search between 2004 and 2019. Results were analyzed within search “context” which included temporally associated related searches. Relative search volume (RSV) was analyzed for English and non-English speaking countries from the Northern and Southern hemispheres. Analysis of seasonality was performed using the cosinor model. Results The five specific search terms were most related to rhinosinusitis-related search contexts, indicating that they were appropriately reflective of internet queries by patients for rhinosinusitis. The RSV for rhinosinusitis-related terms and more general search terms increased with each passing year indicating constant interest in rhinosinusitis. Cosinor time series analysis revealed inquiry peaks in winter months for all five specific rhinosinusitis-related search terms independent from the hemisphere. Conclusion Over a 15-year period, Google searches with rhinosinusitis-specific search terms consistently peaked during the winter around the world. These findings indirectly support the model of viral infection or exposure as the predominant cause of acute rhinosinusitis and acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis.