scholarly journals Genotypic Variation and Talent Identification in Sports

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anilendu Pramanik ◽  
Shubhraprakash Das ◽  
Sarit Dandapat
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Prize Money ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Public Recognition ◽  
Genetic Evaluations ◽  
Sports Sciences

Top performance of athletes is not limited to the demand of fame, public recognition, sponsorship, and prize money but genetic inheritance contributes a prime role to hold such traits. Recent years, we have witnessed the rise of sports specific tests that identify person’s athletic talents, but human vary on genetic factors which silently work to achieve success in sports. Recent progress on the genetic determination in the sports sciences offer great perspective to analyze the genotype profile associated with the athletes. One of the most used advances in this field is the identification of variations in the DNA sequence, known as Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). Genetic evaluations should be combined with other tools to get an accurate identification of athletes and their respective fields to achieve optimum success.

Direct Sequencing Is More Accurate and Feasible in Detecting Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms than RFLP: Using Human Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene as a Model

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy H. T. Davis ◽  
Jianhua Wang ◽  
Tom C. Tsang ◽  
David T. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Vegf Gene ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Since the sequencing of the human genome, there has been increased interest in understanding the distribution and effects of genetic variations among individuals. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) is a well-established and frequently used method for genotyping. This method, however, is indirect and has a number of limitations. It is thus important to reevaluate the use of RFLP in light of more contemporary methods of genotyping. The specific aims of this study are to (a) compare genotyping methods of traditional RFLP with contemporary direct sequencing for accurate identification of polymorphisms within the human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene and (b) describe distribution of a known single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the VEGF gene in a sample composed of 50 healthy volunteers. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the initial sample of DNA. Genotypes of a G-to-A substitution (GG, AG, AA) at -1154 were analyzed by RFLP and direct sequencing. RFLP was unable to discriminate among the three possible genotypes, whereas direct sequencing clearly identified genotype for all 50 samples. Observed genotype frequencies were comparable with the Hardy-Weinberg principle. This comparative study provides justification for selecting direct sequencing instead of RFLP for detecting SNPs in selected genes.

Nuclear receptors in disease: the oestrogen receptors

2004 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Nilsson ◽  
Karin Dahlman-Wright ◽  
Jan-Åke Gustafsson
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Oestrogen Receptors ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Family

For several decades, it has been known that oestrogens are essential for human health. The discovery that there are two oestrogen receptors (ERs), ERalpha and ERbeta, has facilitated our understanding of how the hormone exerts its physiological effects. The ERs belong to the family of ligand-activated nuclear receptors, which act by modulating the expression of target genes. Studies of ER-knockout (ERKO) mice have been instrumental in defining the relevance of a given receptor subtype in a certain tissue. Phenotypes displayed by ERKO mice suggest diseases in which dysfunctional ERs might be involved in aetiology and pathology. Association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ER genes and disease have been demonstrated in several cases. Selective ER modulators (SERMs), which are selective with regard to their effects in a certain cell type, already exist. Since oestrogen has effects in many tissues, the goal with a SERM is to provide beneficial effects in one target tissue while avoiding side effects in others. Refined SERMs will, in the future, provide improved therapeutic strategies for existing and novel indications.

Development of a simple method for the determination of single nucleotide polymorphisms

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. S75-S75
Author(s):  
Weifeng Zhu ◽  
Zhuoqi Liu ◽  
Daya Luo ◽  
Xinyao Wu ◽  
Fusheng Wan
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Single Nucleotide

Sex Differences in Childhood Associations between DNA Markers and General Cognitive Ability

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind Arden ◽  
Nicole Harlaar ◽  
Robert Plomin
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
General Cognitive Ability ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. An association between intelligence at age 7 and a set of five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has been identified and replicated. We used this composite SNP set to investigate whether the associations differ between boys and girls for general cognitive ability at ages 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, and 10 years. In a longitudinal community sample of British twins aged 2-10 (n > 4,000 individuals), we found that the SNP set is more strongly associated with intelligence in males than in females at ages 7, 9, and 10 and the difference is significant at 10. If this finding replicates in other studies, these results will constitute the first evidence of the same autosomal genes acting differently on intelligence in the two sexes.

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