scholarly journals Desertification and Its Control along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuguo Liu ◽  
Jiufu Luo ◽  
Jinxing Zhou ◽  
Ming Cui
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
First Century ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Technology System ◽  
Engineering Measures ◽  
Elymus Nutans ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Characteristics ◽  
And Control ◽  
Sand Material ◽  
Selection Of

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a magnificent project in the twenty first century. However, the problem of land desertification has arisen during the operation of the railway. Many sections of the railway roadbed are buried by sand. The ecological safety along the railway and the safe operation of the railway have attracted worldwide attention. This chapter will focus on the current situation of desertification along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, such as key desertification sections and the temporal and spatial characteristics of the occurrence of desertification. At the same time, it introduces the characteristics of the dynamic conditions of railway desertification and the source of sand material. It is divided into two parts: biological measures and engineering measures to introduce desertification control along the railway. The biological measures focus on the selection of Lolium perenne, Festuca sinensi, Elymus breviaristatus, Elymus nutans and Poa crymophila, and other alpine native sand-fixing plant materials. The engineering measures will introduce the railway desertification comprehensive prevention and control technology system that combines solidification, resistance, and transportation.

Avian influenza virus: prospects for prevention and control by vaccination

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Won Lee ◽  
David L. Suarez
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Antigenic Drift ◽  
And Control ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractAlthough vaccination does not always prevent infection of avian influenza (AI) virus, the clear benefit of vaccination is in its ability to prevent disease and to reduce the amount of virus in circulation. Thus, judicious use of vaccination can be an important component of an AI control program. However, the long-term use of vaccination without eradication may result in the selection of the antigenically divergent strains, which compromises the value of vaccination. In this review, the effectiveness of currently available and future AI vaccines is discussed with suggestions for the ideal use of vaccination even with antigenic drift of the virus.

scholarly journals Rapid diagnosis of resistance to imidazolinone herbicides in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and control of resistant biotypes with alternative herbicides

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.O. Matzenbacher ◽  
A. Kalsing ◽  
V.G. Menezes ◽  
J.A.N. Barcelos ◽  
A. Merotto Junior
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Seed Soaking ◽  
Imidazolinone Herbicides ◽  
And Control ◽  
Selection Of

The resistance of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) to imidazolinone herbicides is a worldwide problem in paddy fields. A rapid diagnosis is required for the selection of adequate prevention and control practices. The objectives of this study were to develop expedite bioassays to identify the resistance to imidazolinone herbicides in barnyardgrass and to evaluate the efficacy of alternative herbicides for the post-emergence control of resistant biotypes. Three experiments were conducted to develop methods for diagnosis of resistance to imazethapyr and imazapyr + imazapic in barnyardgrass at the seed, seedling and tiller stages, and to carry out a pot experiment to determine the efficacy of six herbicides applied at post-emergence in 13 biotypes of barnyardgrass resistant to imidazolinones. The seed soaking bioassay was not able to differentiate the resistant and susceptible biotypes. The resistance of barnyardgrass to imidazolinones was effectively discriminated in the seedlings and tiller bioassays seven days after incubation at the concentrations of 0.001 and 0.0001 mM, respectively, for both imazethapyr and imazapyr + imazapic. The biotypes identified as resistant to imidazolinones showed different patterns of susceptibility to penoxsulam, bispyribac-sodium and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, and were all controlled with profoxydim and cyhalofop-butyl. The seedling and tiller bioassays are effective in the diagnosis of barnyardgrass resistance to imidazolinone herbicides, providing an on-season opportunity to identify the need to use alternative herbicides to be applied at post-emergence for the control of the resistant biotypes.

scholarly journals Keynote Session: Strategies for Prevention and Control of HPV-Associated Cancers

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (5.5) ◽  
pp. 601-604
Author(s):  
Lillian R. Kreppel ◽  
Shivan J. Mehta ◽  
Mark H. Sawyer ◽  
Edward L. Trimble ◽  
Susan T. Vadaparampil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
And Control ◽  
Selection Of

Infection with HPV is responsible for 5% of cancers, most of which are preventable with vaccination. Unfortunately, although vaccination rates are increasing in the United States, many adolescents remain unvaccinated due to a multifactorial set of barriers that are cultural, psychosocial, structural, and financial. At this Keynote session at the NCCN 2021 Virtual Annual Conference, a selection of expert panelists discussed efforts to improve vaccination rates.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN PEDOMAN PERILAKU HIDUP BARU DALAM PENCEGAHAN DAN PENGENDALIAN COVID-19 DI KOTA PEKANBARU

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Nurrahmad Pebriansyah ◽  
Febri Yuliani ◽  
Adianto Adianto
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Municipal Government ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
And Control ◽  
Life Behavior ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of this study is to explain how the municipal government of Pekanbaru provides guidelines that should be carried out by the community in carrying out activities in Pekanbaru. This research uses qualitative research methods. The selection of research informants used perposive sampling technique. Primary data collection from interviews, while secondary data from documentation and literature study. Data analysis using an interactive model. The results showed that the application of new life behavior guidelines based on the Mayor of Pekanbaru regulation number 104 of 2020 concerning guidelines for new productive and safe lives in the prevention and control of Coronavirus Desease 2019 (Covid-19) in Pekanbaru has paid attention to the lives of its people, it can be seen from its existence. Guidelines for carrying out activities and activities during the Covid-19 pandemic. However, there is still an increase in positive cases of Covid-19 due to people who do not comply with applicable policies. For this reason, the municipal government of Pekanbaru needs to reaffirm people who commit violations so that they can comply with health protocols, especially in crowded places.

scholarly journals Sanitation, Sanity, and (Moral) Suitability: The History of the Medical Inadmissibility of Immigrants into Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Fogarty
Keyword(s):  
Immigration Policy ◽  
First Century ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Immigration Control ◽  
Canadian Immigration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Canadian Immigrants ◽  
And Control ◽  
Selection Of

Study of the history of medical inadmissibility and deportation of Canadian immigrants uncovers three important themes as criteria for immigration selection and control: sanitation, sanity, and moral suitability. As the understanding of human health changed with history, so too did the basis for exclusion and deportation of Canadian immigrants for medical purposes. Immigration policy mirrored then current notions of health and disease, growing in complexity as immigration policy increased its selectivity contemporaneous to increasing immigration rates. Immigration control developed from simple quarantine measures to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases from other continents, to physical and mental health inspections to prevent the propagation of hereditary dysfunction, to selection of morally fit immigrants resembling Canadian values for easy assimilation into society. Physical, mental, and moral health were key criteria in the first century of Canadian immigration policy, highlighting Canada’s history of anti-immigrant sentiment through the medicalization of specific ethnic groups.

scholarly journals Sensitivity evaluation of 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) RT-PCR detection kits and strategy to reduce false negative

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunying Zhou ◽  
Fengyan Pei ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Huailong Zhao ◽  
Huanjie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Nucleic Acid Detection ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Mixed Sample ◽  
And Control ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background: In absence of effective vaccines, infection prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 through diagnostic testing and quarantine is critical. Early detection and differential diagnosis of respiratory infections increases the chances for successful control of COVID-19 disease. The nucleic acid RT-PCR test is regarded as the current standard for molecular diagnosis with high sensitivity. However, the highest specificity confirmation target ORF1ab gene is considered to be less sensitive than other targets in clinical application. In addition, a large amount of recent evidence indicates that the initial missed diagnosis of asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 and discharged patients with “re-examination positive” may be due to low viral load, and the ability of rapid mutation of SARS-CoV-2 also increases the rate of false negative results. Moreover, the current used mixed sample nucleic acid detection is helpful to seek out the early community transmission of SARS-CoV-2, but the detection kit needs ultra-high detection sensitivity. Methods: From January to March 2020, 10 confirmed specimens of 2019-nCoV were recruited from three 2019-nCOV nucleic acid testing center. Five different amplification kits with three different primers and probes sources were selected. RT-PCR and continuous amplification of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs and environmental specimens were performed to validate the sensitivity of the commercially available Nucleic acid test kits. Results: The results showed that ORF1ab gene can still be reported as positive at 1:10 dilution and the N gene even at 1:40 dilution with kit-1 through the verification of multiple positive samples, While other kits have less sensitive. The results in the suspicious range of weakly positive nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs and environmental specimens could be reported as positive after another re-amplification.Conclusions: Through evaluate the sensitivity of different nucleic acid detection kits, this study provide direct evidence for the selection of kits for mixed sample detection or make recommendations for the selection of validation kit, which is of great significance for the prevention and control of the current epidemic and the discharge criteria of low viral load patients.

scholarly journals Diseases in insects produced for food and feed

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Eilenberg ◽  
J.M. Vlak ◽  
C. Nielsen-LeRoux ◽  
S. Cappellozza ◽  
A.B. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Human Food ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Insect Pathogens ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of

Increased production of insects on a large scale for food and feed will likely lead to many novel challenges, including problems with diseases. We provide an overview of important groups of insect pathogens, which can cause disease in insects produced for food and feed. Main characteristics of each pathogen group (viruses, bacteria, fungi, protists and nematodes) are described and illustrated, with a selection of examples from the most commonly produced insect species for food and feed. Honeybee and silkworm are mostly produced for other reasons than as human food, yet we can still use them as examples to learn about emergence of new diseases in production insects. Results from a 2014 survey about insect diseases in current insect production systems are presented for the first time. Finally, we give some recommendations for the prevention and control of insect diseases.

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