scholarly journals Sanitation, Sanity, and (Moral) Suitability: The History of the Medical Inadmissibility of Immigrants into Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Fogarty
Keyword(s):  
Immigration Policy ◽  
First Century ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Immigration Control ◽  
Canadian Immigration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Canadian Immigrants ◽  
And Control ◽  
Selection Of

Study of the history of medical inadmissibility and deportation of Canadian immigrants uncovers three important themes as criteria for immigration selection and control: sanitation, sanity, and moral suitability. As the understanding of human health changed with history, so too did the basis for exclusion and deportation of Canadian immigrants for medical purposes. Immigration policy mirrored then current notions of health and disease, growing in complexity as immigration policy increased its selectivity contemporaneous to increasing immigration rates. Immigration control developed from simple quarantine measures to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases from other continents, to physical and mental health inspections to prevent the propagation of hereditary dysfunction, to selection of morally fit immigrants resembling Canadian values for easy assimilation into society. Physical, mental, and moral health were key criteria in the first century of Canadian immigration policy, highlighting Canada’s history of anti-immigrant sentiment through the medicalization of specific ethnic groups.

Media Hot and Cold

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Starosielski
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New Media ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
First Century ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
History Of ◽  
Infrared Cameras ◽  
The Many ◽  
And Control

In Media Hot and Cold Nicole Starosielski examines the cultural dimensions of temperature to theorize the ways heat and cold can be used as a means of communication, subjugation, and control. Diving into the history of thermal media, from infrared cameras to thermostats to torture sweatboxes, Starosielski explores the many meanings and messages of temperature. During the twentieth century, heat and cold were broadcast through mass thermal media. Today, digital thermal media such as bodily air conditioners offer personalized forms of thermal communication and comfort. Although these new media promise to help mitigate the uneven effects of climate change, Starosielski shows how they can operate as a form of biopower by determining who has the ability to control their own thermal environment. In this way, thermal media can enact thermal violence in ways that reinforce racialized, colonial, gendered, and sexualized hierarchies. By outlining how the control of temperature reveals power relations, Starosielski offers a framework to better understand the dramatic transformations of hot and cold media in the twenty-first century.

scholarly journals The bureaucratic organization of race in deportation and Canadian immigration policy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohanza Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Black People ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Canadian Immigration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Racist Discourse ◽  
Contemporary Context

This MRP presents a literature review on race, immigration and Black male surveillance. It situates the discourse of racialization in a historical and contemporary context, drawing from different disciplines and frameworks to contextualize the interrelationships between race, crime and immigration. This research includes a critical analysis of the history of anti-Black racism in Canadian state policies such as deportation and presents the case of Alvin Brown as an illustration This paper argues that deportation represent a racist discourse that reinforces the criminalization of Black people, specifically Jamaican males. Razack’s concept of bureaucracy highlights deportation as a process that legitimizes the removal of legal rights in the name of public security. The case of Alvin Brown is utilized as an illustration of the processes through which deportation becomes racialized and ‘Jamaicanized’ based on the reification of criminal stereotypes in policy and practice.

scholarly journals The bureaucratic organization of race in deportation and Canadian immigration policy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohanza Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Black People ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Canadian Immigration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Racist Discourse ◽  
Contemporary Context

This MRP presents a literature review on race, immigration and Black male surveillance. It situates the discourse of racialization in a historical and contemporary context, drawing from different disciplines and frameworks to contextualize the interrelationships between race, crime and immigration. This research includes a critical analysis of the history of anti-Black racism in Canadian state policies such as deportation and presents the case of Alvin Brown as an illustration This paper argues that deportation represent a racist discourse that reinforces the criminalization of Black people, specifically Jamaican males. Razack’s concept of bureaucracy highlights deportation as a process that legitimizes the removal of legal rights in the name of public security. The case of Alvin Brown is utilized as an illustration of the processes through which deportation becomes racialized and ‘Jamaicanized’ based on the reification of criminal stereotypes in policy and practice.

Which Dogs Bite? A Case-Control Study of Risk Factors

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 913-917
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Gershman ◽  
Jeffrey J. Sacks ◽  
John C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Case Control ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
History Of ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
And Control ◽  
Number Case ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Selection Of

Objective. Dog bites cause an estimated 585 000 injuries resulting in the need formedical attention yearly and children are the most frequent victims. This study sought to determine dog-specific factors independently associated with a dog biting a nonhousehold member. Methods. A matched case-control design comprising 178 pairs of dogs was used. Cases were selected from dogs reported to Denver Animal Control in 1991 for a first-bite episode of a nonhousehold member in which the victim received medical treatment. Controls were neighborhood-matched dogs with no history of biting a nonhousehold member, selected by modified random-digit dialing based on the first five digits of the case dog owner's phone number. Case and control dog owners were interviewed by telephone. Results. Children aged 12 years and younger were the victims in 51% of cases. Compared with controls, biting dogs were more likely to be German Shepherd (adjusted odds ratio (ORa) = 16.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.8 to 71.4) or Chow Chow (ORa = 4.0, 95% CI 1.2 to 13.7) predominant breeds, male (ORa 6.2, 95% CI 2.5 to 15.1), unneutered (ORa = 2.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 6.3), residing in a house with ≥1 children (ORa 3.5, 95% CI 1.6 to 7.5), and chained while in the yard (ORa = 2.8, 95% CI 1.0 to 8.1). Conclusions. Pediatricians should advise parents that failure to neuter a dog and selection of male dogs and certain breeds such as German Shepherd and Chow Chow may increase the risk of their dog biting a nonhousehold member, who often may be a child. The potential preventability of this frequent public health problem deserves further attention.

Le continuum carcéral, méthode contemporaine de contrôle social

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-331
Author(s):  
Clémentine Boulanger
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
National Level ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
First Century ◽  
European Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Michel Foucault, in Surveiller et punir. Naissance de la prison notes the change of paradigm in criminal law through the history of the prison. The book was published in 1975 at a time when a revolution of the prisoners took place in France, denunciating the inhuman living conditions in prisons and claiming for more rights. However, Michel Foucault considers that the prisoners are rejecting something more subtle. Indeed, they are rejecting the prison itself, as a means of surveillance and control, a means of power and subjugation. Such observation enables the author to perceive prison’s role in an unusual way. He also observed the establishment of the continuity of the prison within the society, conducted by various institutions and actors. The theoretical model of criminal law highlighted by Michel Foucault allows us to understand how the society is invested by the power at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The purpose of this article is to find out what is left of the author’s reasoning at a time when contemporary democracies are plunged into a climate of insecurity. Indeed, the terrorism is the sword of Damocles hanging above each State. At European level as at national level, criminal law absorbs security concerns. It is no longer intended to prevent crimes or to punish those who committed them. A criminal law of surveillance and social control is emerging in order to resolve insecurity.

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