scholarly journals A Centennial Path Towards Sustainability in Spanish National Parks: Biodiversity Conservation and Socioeconomic Development (1918-2018)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Javier Martínez-Vega
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Socioeconomic Development

Ecotourism and biodiversity conservation - two way track

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Van Oosterzee
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
National Parks ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Nature Appreciation ◽  
Economic Studies

While not denying that tourism has environmental impacts, tourism's potential to aid biodiversity conservation world-wide is great and needs to be harnessed. However, unless precisely explained, the notion of ecotourism clouds the role of tourism in nature conservation. Therefore I define ecotourism as all visits that focus on nature appreciation and the associated infrastructure (park facilities, tours, accommodation, airlines that bring tourists to the area etc.) that supports these visits. This definition, which is used throughout this paper, helps eliminate the false distinction being made between tourism and ecotourism. Tourism, at the international and national political level, has an influential role as a force for biodiversity conservation by being a rationale for plaCing extra land in conservation reserves, or otherwise by sustainably managing natural areas for their natural values. Using World Heritage Areas (WHA) as an example - perhaps even as an indicator of tourism and its impacts on natural areas ? the little information available suggests that tourism is not often a threat, but that warfare, clearing for agriculture, and poaching are. Regions with an intact tourism industry are also those more likely to have an intact ecosystem. National parks do act as a catalyst for tourism growth. The question is whether tourism can deliver the financial means to undertake management to neutralize the impacts of tourism on biodiversity, or, perhaps more importantly, to fund more extensive works for biodiversity conservation? Few rigorous economic studies have been carried out to provide answers to this question; to define the link between biodiversity conservation and tourism, and to explore ways of making tourism maintain and expand the resource on which its profits are based, thus making the industry world-wide a major force for conservation.

The USA national parks in international perspective: have we learned the wrong lesson?

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Schelhas
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Local People ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Community Based Conservation ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Extractive Reserves

A highly polarized debate has emerged in the conservation literature about whether national parks in lesser developed countries should follow a strict protectionist model or find ways to accommodate the development and livelihood needs of local people. A number of social science critiques of national park practice and policy in lesser developed countries have argued that one of the chief problems facing national parks in particular, and biodiversity conservation in general, has been the USA national park model, often termed the ‘Yellowstone model’. This model, in which local and indigenous people and uses have been excluded from parks, has been blamed for harming local people, providing benefits to developed country interests at the expense of local people, high costs of park protection, and ineffective biodiversity conservation (Machlis & Tichnell 1985; West & Brechin 1991; Pimbert & Pretty 1995). Alternatives (henceforth referred to as ‘parks and people’ approaches) seek accommodations between parks and local people, and include community-based conservation, which promotes local involvement and/or control in park decision-making, and integrated conservation and development projects, which attempt to ensure conservation by meeting social and economic needs of local people through agroforestry, forestry, tourism, water projects, extractive reserves, and wildlife utilization.

BIODIVERSITY CONSIDERATIONS IN STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT: A CASE STUDY OF THE NEPAL WATER PLAN

2005 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 247-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
BATU KRISHNA UPRETY
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Strategic Environmental Assessment ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
User Groups ◽  
The Government

Biodiversity conservation has been promoted in Nepal (within and outside protected areas) over the last three decades through relevant policies and legislations. The government has encouraged the participation of people through community user groups in managing the biodiversity and sharing the benefits. About 50 percent of the total revenue generated in protected areas is provided annually to such groups for resource management and community development activities. Forests are also managed by involving community users. Recently, attempts were made to manage biodiversity through an environmental impact assessment (EIA) process. The Nepal Biodiversity Strategy (2002) and Water Resources Strategy (2002), under implementation, recognise the role of EIA in mainstream biodiversity conservation in development programmes. However, biodiversity is under immense pressure due to infrastructure, water resources and socioeconomic development programmes and projects. His Majesty's Government of Nepal has made a policy commitment in its Tenth Plan (2002–2007) to carry out strategic environmental assessment (SEA) of development plans and programmes. Pursuant to this plan, an SEA has been carried out for the 25-year Nepal Water Plan. This plan is designed to, inter alia, promote the development of hydropower, irrigation, water-induced disaster management and drinking water programmes. This paper outlines the general understanding and knowledge of SEA in Nepal and examines how the SEA of the Nepal Water Plan addresses biodiversity aspects. It also outlines problems faced, and challenges and opportunities for strengthening SEA and its use to conserve biodiversity in Nepal.

An Honest Broker for the Animals

2020 ◽  
pp. 179-212
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Lekan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Majority Rule ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Bilateral Aid ◽  
Honest Broker ◽  
Self Rule ◽  
John Owen ◽  
National Park System

This chapter examines how Bernhard Grzimek relaunched his quest to save the Serengeti in the wake of his son Michael’s death and the shift toward African self-rule under the leadership of Tanganyika’s new prime minister Julius Nyerere in 1960–1961. Unlike his compatriots in the IUCN who feared black-majority rule, Grzimek saw decolonization as a time of opportunity. He convinced Nyerere that expanding the country’s national park system would catalyze socioeconomic development through tourism, technical assistance, and direct aid. Working alongside John Owen, the director of Tanganyikan National Parks, Grzimek developed a para-diplomatic style of advocacy that promoted package tours and solicited donations on television and secured bilateral aid outside official state protocols. Such efforts created a strange alliance between nature conservationists hoping to curtail rural development and African modernizers hoping to promote it. These varied interests came together at Arusha in September 1961 at a landmark UNESCO-sponsored symposium where Nyerere pledged to protect Tanganyika’s wildlife inheritance so long as Europeans made good on their promises.

PECULIARITIES OF FINANCING NATIONAL NATURAL PARKS IN POLAND AND UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Taras Mykytyn ◽  
Alina Yakymchuk ◽  
Jaroslaw Szymanski ◽  
Dmytro Zaitsev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Natural Parks ◽  
History Of ◽  
Total Economic Value ◽  
The Common

The main sources of financing of national natural parks have been defined. The foreign experience in financing national parks has been analysed. The paper presents the history of creating national parks in Ukraine and Poland, gives their short characteristics. The common issues are revealed in the work of national natural parks and their specifics in each state. The basic prospects of development of the protected areas in Ukraine have been ordered. The innovative mechanisms for biodiversity conservation tools were expanded. The methodology approaches to the biodiversity conservation in the Ukraine’s national state accounts were developed and they are based on the new calculations of the economic evaluation of the natural ecosystem functioning. This technique is based on the concept of total economic value of ecosystem functioning.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Success of Conserving Biodiversity in National Parks: A Review of Case Studies from Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses Muhumuza ◽  
Kevin Balkwill
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
Human Dimension ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Successful Case ◽  
Metadata Analysis ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Conservation Of Biodiversity

National Parks are a cornerstone for biodiversity conservation in Africa. Two approaches are commonly used to sustain biodiversity in National Parks. Past and current studies show that both approaches are generally ineffective in conserving biodiversity in National Parks in Africa. However, there are a handful of cases where these approaches have been successful at conserving biodiversity in National Parks. The question this paper attempts to answer is why in some cases these approaches have been successful and in other cases they have failed. A metadata analysis of 123 documents on case studies about conservation of biodiversity in National Parks in Africa was conducted. A series of search engines were used to find papers for review. Results showed that all factors responsible for both the success and failure of conserving biodiversity in National Parks in various contexts were socioeconomic and cultural in nature. The highest percentage in both successful case studies (66%) and unsuccessful cases studies (55%) was associated with the creation and management of the park. These results suggest that future conservation approaches in National Parks in Africa should place more emphasis on the human dimension of biodiversity conservation than purely scientific studies of species and habitats in National Parks.

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