scholarly journals Increasing Biodiversity of Russian Taiga Forests by Creating Mixed Forest Cultures of Scots Pine and Siberian Larch

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Runova
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Taiga Forests

Silvicultural characteristics of a Scots pine stand on drift sands

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Maddelein ◽  
N. Lust
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Pine Regeneration

The  study of a seventy years old stand of Scots pine on drift sands proves that  Scots pine growth on these sites was and is still relatively good: average  diameter 27.6 cm, average height 19.4 m, standing volume 213 m3 and an annual increment  of 4.9 m3.ha-1.yr-1. All Scots pines  belong to the upper storey. Yet considerable differences in crown development  and vitality are observed. The current growth rate and the spontaneous  settlement of pine seedlings under canopy show the ideal conditions for the  creation of a high forest with reserves. Anyway a rotation period of more  than 70 years is recommendable.     On several places a consolidated regeneration of Scots pine seedlings under  canopy occur. Groups with a stem number of 700 to 3,500 seedlings per are, ranging  in age from 3 to 11 years and in height from 10 to 170 cm, are present. This  Scots pine regeneration has developed in a normal mor humus layer and in a  dense Deschampsia mat.      Broadleaved regeneration is not so abundant, and consists for 75 % of black  cherry. Absence of seed trees, browsing damage and the exclusive character of  black cherry are the limiting factors for the installation and survival of  valuable indigenous species, such as pedunculate oak.     Provided that black cherry is removed and that the regeneration is  protected against wild damage, it is possible to create a mixed forest  dominated by Scots pine but with a considerable admixture of indigenous  broadleaved trees. However, if black cherry will not be sufficiently  controlled, it can be expected that in a first phase black cherry will  dominate the understorey, that it will prevent the regeneration of all other  species and that, very soon, it will form an almost single-species dominated  stage in forest succession.

The early stages of spontaneous forest regeneration on poor soils and continental sand dunes in northern Belgium

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Van Miegroet
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
White Poplar ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Invading Species

Spontaneous  natural regeneration under variable conditions on sandy soils and continental  sand dunes were analysed in 5 locations in N.E. Belgium.     The number of seedlings varies between 14.000 and 522.000/ha. The most  prominent invading species are red oak, pedunculate oak and Scots pine.    Two principal types of regeneration are recognized : homogeneous groups of  oak or pine and mixtures, predominantly composed by the same species.  Pioneers such as birch, willow, white poplar and wild black cherry do not  play an important role.    Social differentiation sets in quite early and is mainly provoked by age  differences. Therefore early silvicultural intervention is advisable. The  growth relationships between the species indicate that Scots pine is not in  danger of spontaneous elemination by other species. Because of the density  and variability of spontaneous forest regeneration, the conversion of pure  pine stands into mixed forest, using group regeneration to this end, poses no  real technical problems.

scholarly journals Seasonal Formation of Tree Rings in Siberian Larch and Scots Pine in the Southern Taiga of Central Siberia

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Kalinina ◽  
A. A. Knorre ◽  
M. V. Fonti ◽  
E. A. Vaganov
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Central Siberia

scholarly journals Over- and Underyielding in Time and Space in Experiments with Mixed Stands of Scots Pine and Norway Spruce

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Drössler ◽  
Eric Agestam ◽  
Kamil Bielak ◽  
Małgorzata Dudzinska ◽  
Julia Koricheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Mixing Effect ◽  
Individual Site ◽  
Study Sites

Pine-spruce forests are one of the commonest mixed forest types in Europe and both tree species are very important for wood supply. This study summarized nine European studies with Scots pine and Norway spruce where a mixed-species stand and both monocultures were located in an experimental set-up. Overyielding (where growth of a mixed stand was greater than the average of both monocultures) was relatively common and often ranged between 0% and 30%, but could also be negative at individual study sites. Each individual site demonstrated consistent patterns of the mixing effect over different measurement periods. Transgressive overyielding (where the mixed-species stand was more productive than either of the monocultures) was found at three study sites, while a monoculture was more productive on the other sites. Large variation between study sites indicated that the existing experiments do not fully represent the extensive region where this mixed pine-spruce forest can occur. Pooled increment data displayed a negative influence of latitude and stand age on the mixing effect of those tree species in forests younger than 70 years.

scholarly journals The Influence of Habitat Conditions on the Properties of Pinewood

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1311
Author(s):  
Marek Wieruszewski ◽  
Katarzyna Mydlarz
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Structure ◽  
Forest Habitat ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable

This article starts a series of articles on dependences between the conditions of the growth of trees in forests and the technical aspects and directions of using the raw material obtained from these trees. This is a key feature for wood purchasers because it determines the efficiency of production and directly affects the final financial result of their activity. Wood represents an environmentally sustainable and renewable material, which is a widely available raw material on the market and must meet specific quality and strength requirements. These parameters indicate the utility values of wood and the possibilities of its use. One of the factors influencing the properties of wood is the type of the forest habitat it comes from. In order to determine this influence, tests were carried out to show how tree growth conditions affected changes in the density and strength of raw wood. The assumption (hypothesis) about the correlation between the static bending strength of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood and the forest habitat was verified on four forest types, i.e., fresh coniferous forest (FCF), fresh mixed coniferous forest (FMCF), fresh mixed forest (FMF) and fresh forest (FF). The properties depend largely on the wood structure, its origin on the cross section and the length of the stems. The raw material selected for the study came from Scots pine trees growing in forests in central Poland. The study confirmed the influence of the habitat on changes in the density and strength of pinewood. There was a correlation between the habitat FMCF and the quality parameters of the raw material, which reflected the wood structure r = 0.775; p < 0.05.

Models of 3D crown structure for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and silver birch (Betula pendula) grown in mixed forest

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1779-1794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lintunen ◽  
Risto Sievänen ◽  
Pekka Kaitaniemi ◽  
Jari Perttunen
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Plant Structure ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Crown Structure

The interplay between plant structure and functioning determines vital plant characteristics, such as the efficiency of light capture by the foliage, and thus continuous efforts have attempted to include plant architecture in plant growth models. We constructed two crown structure models enabling the generation of 3D trees using simple tree measurements as input for Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and silver birch ( Betula pendula Roth.), boreal species growing in mixed stands. The data for the models were obtained from sample-based digitizing of 3D crown architecture accompanied by characterizations of stem, branch, and foliage volumes and biomass. A set of equations was used to predict local crown characteristics on the basis of local predictors and tree-level input variables such as tree height, crown height, diameter at breast height, and the degree of competition. The 3D tree model was realized within the LIGNUM tree modelling framework. Comparison with data showed that the model adequately predicts the distribution of biomass into different crown components as well as the distribution of foliage within the tree crowns. The applicability of the simulations is at its best when examining Scots pine and silver birch trees growing on medium fertile mixed stands in Finland.

scholarly journals Accumulation of heavy metal pollution caused by traffic in forest trees in the park of Kerey and Janibek Khans of the city of Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 357-366
Author(s):  
Sezgin Ayan ◽  
Dani Sarsekova ◽  
Gani Kenesaryuly ◽  
Ergin Yilmaz ◽  
Orhan Gülseven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Zn Accumulation ◽  
High Pollution ◽  
Pollution Accumulation ◽  
Different Levels

Air quality in Nur-Sultan, the fast-growing new capital city of Kazakhstan, has been poorly investigated. This research was carried in Kerey and Janibek Khans Park in Nur-Sultan, the capital city of Kazakhstan, which is affected by “different traffic density” on the roads. Three different categories of contamination (i) high pollution (distance from the main road 10–15 m), (ii) moderate pollution (distance from the side road 15–30 m), and (iii) low pollution (distance from the source of contamination 30–80 m) at different levels resulting from urban transportation were examined. The aim of the study is to determine the pollution accumulation amounts of Ni, Cd, Pb, Cr, Li, Co, Fe, and Zn in five different tree species: Norway spruce (Picea abies /L./ H. Karst.), blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.,), Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.), and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth). Significant differences in Ni, Cd, Pb, Cr, Li, Co, Fe, and Zn accumulation amounts were determined between three different parts of the park exposed to different levels of contamination. Approximately twice higher Ni, 2.3 times Cd, 3.3 times Pb, 2.7 times Co, 1.6 times Zn accumulation were determined in the area exposed to high pollution than in the parts of the park exposed to low pollution. Cd deposition in the area exposed to high contamination was higher in silver birch than in Scots pine and Norway spruce, while Cr and Co deposition values were higher in Norway spruce than in birch and Scots pine.

scholarly journals Neighbor identity and competition influence tree growth in Scots pine, Siberian larch, and silver birch

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 604-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pekka Kaitaniemi ◽  
Anna Lintunen
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Silver Birch

scholarly journals FEATURES OF WOOD FORMATION IN MIXED SCOTS PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) AND SIBERIAN LARCH (LARIX SIBIRICA LEDEB.) PLANTATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-61
Author(s):  
Elena Runova ◽  
Irina Chelysheva ◽  
Nikolay Plotnikov ◽  
Ivan Garus ◽  
Igor' Gavrilin
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Larix Sibirica ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Conditional Density ◽  
Average Width

The features of physical and mechanical properties of trees (Pinus sylvestris L. and Larix sibirica Ledeb.) are investigated in experimental mixed forest plantations created by sowing in the Irkutsk region. Saw cuts were taken in the butt part of model trees to determine the properties of wood. The studies were carried out according to generally accepted methods on certified equipment. According to the research it has been found that the average width of the annual layers of pine and larch is 3.54 mm and 2.93 mm, respectively. The average number of annual layers in one centimeter is from 3.42 to 3.61 mm, which is 3.24 and 3.73 times less than the average statistical data for these tree species. It allows us to conclude: the width of the annual layer is significantly greater in the first 20 years of forest plant life than in mature state. Strength indicators of the studied samples of pine and larch are lower by 12-30 % than standard ones. During mechanical tests, wood defects were found in the butt part of the larch, which led to the destruction of the specimens. These defects were dormant bud marks and bulging butt, which form at a fairly early age. Conditional density of pine and larch was determined using the Resistograph 4450 instrument for an additional qualitative assessment of wood. As a result of the studies, it can be concluded that strength characteristics of pine and larch in mixed plantations are quite high.

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