scholarly journals Non-equilibrium Equation of State in the Approximation of the Local Density Functional and Its Application to the Emission of High-Energy Particles in Collisions of Heavy Ions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.T. D’yachenko ◽  
I.A. Mitropolsky
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Equilibrium Equation ◽  
Heavy Ions ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Local Density ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Hydrodynamic Approach ◽  
Expansion Stage ◽  
Non Equilibrium

The non-equilibrium equation of state is found in the approximation of the functional on the local density, and its application to the description of the emission of protons and pions in heavy ion collisions is considered. The non-equilibrium equation of state is studied in the context of the hydrodynamic approach. The compression stage, the expansion stage, and the freeze-out stage of the hot spot formed during the collisions of heavy ions are considered. The energy spectra of protons and subthreshold pions produced in collisions of heavy ions are calculated with inclusion of the nuclear viscosity effects and compared with experimental data for various combinations of colliding nuclei with energies of several tens of MeV per nucleon.

scholarly journals Emission of high energy particles in heavy ion collisions and a non-equilibrium equation of state

2019 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 03018
Author(s):  
Alexander T. D’yachenko ◽  
Ivan A. Mitropolsky
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Equilibrium Equation ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Intermediate Energies ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Hydrodynamic Approach ◽  
High Energy Particles ◽  
Non Equilibrium

A hydrodynamic approach with a non-equilibrium equation of state is used to describe the collisions of heavy ions at medium and intermediate energies. In the development of this approach, with the inclusion of nuclear viscosity effects and the introduction of an amendment to the microcanonical distribution, the double differential cross sections of proton emission in collisions of different nuclei are calculated, which are in agreement with the available experimental data on the emission of high-energy particles, including the cumulative spectral region.

scholarly journals Differential thermopower images as a probe of many-body effects in quantum point contacts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Ren ◽  
Joshua Folk ◽  
Yigal Meir ◽  
Tomaz Rejec ◽  
Werner Wegscheider
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Local Density ◽  
Equilibrium Density ◽  
Quantum Point Contacts ◽  
Point Contacts ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Quantum Point ◽  
Many Body Effects ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Abstract Mesoscopic circuit elements such as quantum dots and quantum point contacts (QPCs) offer a uniquely controllable platform for engineering complex quantum devices, whose tunability makes them ideal for generating and investigating interacting quantum systems. However, the conductance measurements commonly employed in mesoscopics experiments are poorly suited to discerning correlated phenomena from those of single-particle origin. Here, we introduce non-equilibrium thermopower measurements as a novel approach to probing the local density of states (LDOS), offering an energy-resolved readout of many-body effects. We combine differential thermopower measurements with non-equilibrium density functional theory (DFT) to both confirm the presence of a localized state at the saddle point of a QPC and reveal secondary states that emerge wherever the reservoir chemical potential intersects the gate-induced potential barrier. These experiments establish differential thermopower imaging as a robust and general approach to exploring quantum many-body effects in mesoscopic circuits.

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