scholarly journals Breeding Mechanisms for High Temperature Tolerance in Crop Plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Shanmugavel ◽  
Sudhagar Rajaprakasam ◽  
Vanniarajan Chockalingam ◽  
Gowtham Ramasamy ◽  
Kalaimagal Thiyagarajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Polygenic Inheritance ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Environmental Interactions ◽  
Heat Extremes ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Increase in global warming poses a severe threat on agricultural production thereby affecting food security. A drastic reduction in yield at elevated temperature is a resultant of several agro-morphological, physiological and biochemical modifications in plants. Heat tolerance is a complex mechanism under polygenic inheritance. Development of tolerant genotypes suited to heat extremes will be more advantageous to tropical and sub tropical regimes. A clear understanding on heat tolerance mechanism is needed for bringing trait based improvement in a crop species. Heat tolerance is often correlated with undesirable traits which limits the economic yield. In addition, high environmental interactions coupled with poor phenotyping techniques limit the progress of breeding programme. Recent advances in molecular technique led to precise introgression of thermo-tolerant genes into elite genetic background which has been reviewed briefly in this chapter.

scholarly journals Development of SCAR markers related to heat tolerance in Kentucky bluegrass

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-522
Author(s):  
Mingyue TU ◽  
Yali HE ◽  
Xiaoli LI ◽  
Ying ZOU ◽  
Xiaojun YUAN
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Scar Markers ◽  
Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cool Season Grass

As a high-quality cool-season grass, Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) is facing increasing threat of high temperature, so improving its heat tolerance (HT) has become an important breeding target. In this study, the HT of 84 materials was identified in the artificial climate chamber, and 15 most heat-tolerant and 15 most heat-sensitive materials were selected respectively to construct two DNA pools. There was a significant difference in high-temperature tolerance time between the plants in the two pools, which was more than 22 days. A total of 304 sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and 88 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to screen the polymorphic bands between the two pools. Then, these bands were transformed into sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers, and finally 12 SCAR dominant markers related to HT were obtained, which could detect the heat-sensitive materials efficiently. Among them, S-me8×em2 and S-me52×em5 had the best identification effect, and the consistency between the absence of these two markers and the heat-sensitive phenotype was 87%. According to the comparison with NCBI database, the sequences of 12 SCAR markers had no homology with known HT related genes. Next, we would further verify the HT identification efficiency of these SCAR markers in single plants within materials, and try to use them in molecular marker-assisted breeding.  

scholarly journals Identification of Thermotolerant Rice Genotypes with Allele Coding at Seedling Stage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bandi Arpitha Shankar ◽  
Prashant Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Heat Tolerant

AbstractRice-The most important plant in the world to ensure food security. Heat is one of the main factors that greatly limit rice production. With the increasing global warming, industrialization there is a great effect on climate change which requires us to see various alternatives for strains that are more tolerant to heat so that some techniques are developed to filter a large number of genotypes for high temperature tolerance. Here we report the standardization of Temperature Induction Response (TIR) technique to identify thermotolerant rice genotypes. The phenotypic characteristics of Rice due to high temperature is calculated with germination (%), growth of the seedling and molecular analysis is also considered. The heat stress is provided to the plants with the help of TIR protocol with the adjustment of temperature to lethal (55°C) and sub-lethal levels (38-55°C) in a TIR chamber with alterations in humidity. Of the 74 genotypes screened, 14 showed thermo tolerance caused by high temperatures. Both tolerant and sensitive genotypes were separated based on their survival percentages. The tolerant class are selected based on the growth and development of genotypes having high survival percentage and also their shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights are compared to the heat tolerant checks N22, Dular and Nipponbare. These genotypes have intrinsic heat tolerance and thus can be explored as a source of donors in breeding programs intended for global warming. The molecular markers which are identified to be linked with heat tolerant class through allele code are quite helpful and can be used in marker assisted breeding approach to attain heat tolerance in cultivated varieties.

Isolation and Identification of Thermophilic Protease Bacterium 0701 and its Protease Characterization

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 1032-1036
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Jun Ying An ◽  
Xu Qiong Hu ◽  
Chun Hou Xu
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Ph Influence ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Separate Material

Soil was collected from Huguangyan of Zhanjiang city and regarded as separate material, It was screened thermophilic protease-producing bacteria though dilution flat, transparent circle and Folin method. Strain 0701 isolated was identificated by its morphological features, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16s rRNA. This experiment also researched on the genetic stability of enzyme producing, and different temperature, pH influence on proteases activity. 25 high temperature-tolerance protease producing strains were isolated, which accounted for 28.1 % of all the isolated strains. Among them, strain 0701 proteases activity was 247 U/mL and it was far higher than that of proteases for other strains and the most optimum reaction temperature and pH of the proteases were 70oC and pH 7.0, respectively, and retained high enzyme activity within 50-80 oC, pH6.5-9.0. The strain 0703 still had the ability to produce protease after consecutive 4 generation, and was identified as Bacillus subtilis by morphological, physiological-biochemical characteristics and 16s rRNA.

scholarly journals Large genetic variation for heat tolerance in the reference collection of chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) germplasm

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Krishnamurthy ◽  
P. M. Gaur ◽  
P. S. Basu ◽  
S. K. Chaturvedi ◽  
S. Tripathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Reference Collection

Chickpea is the third most important pulse crop worldwide. Changes in cropping system that necessitate late planting, scope for expansion in rice fallows and the global warming are pushing chickpeas to relatively warmer growing environment. Such changes demand identification of varieties resilient to warmer temperature. Therefore, the reference collection of chickpea germplasm, defined based on molecular characterization of global composite collection, was screened for high temperature tolerance at two locations in India (Patancheru and Kanpur) by delayed sowing and synchronizing the reproductive phase of the crop with the occurrence of higher temperatures ( ≥ 35°C). A heat tolerance index (HTI) was calculated using a multiple regression approach where grain yield under heat stress is considered as a function of yield potential and time to 50% flowering. There were large and significant variations for HTI, phenology, yield and yield components at both the locations. There were highly significant genotypic effects and equally significant G × E interactions for all the traits studied. A cluster analysis of the HTI of the two locations yielded five cluster groups as stable tolerant (n = 18), tolerant only at Patancheru (n = 34), tolerant only at Kanpur (n = 23), moderately tolerant (n = 120) and stable sensitive (n = 82). The pod number per plant and the harvest index explained ≥ 60% of the variation in seed yield and ≥ 49% of HTI at Kanpur and ≥ 80% of the seed yield and ≥ 35% of HTI at Patancheru, indicating that partitioning as a consequence of poor pod set is the most affected trait under heat stress. A large number of heat-tolerant genotypes also happened to be drought tolerant.

Effect of High Temperatures on the Postharvest Flowering of Specialty Floral Crop Species

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 447f-448
Author(s):  
Millie S. Williams ◽  
Terri Woods Starman ◽  
James E. Faust
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Mature Flower

Flower growers experience decreased consumer satisfaction with plant species that cease flowering during the summer. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the heat tolerance of four specialty floral crop species in order to predict their summer performance in the different climatalogical regions of the United States. The effect of increasing temperatures on the duration of postharvest flower development was determined for Ageranthemum frutescens `Butterfly' and `Sugar Baby', Brachycome hybrid `Ultra', and Sutera cordata `Snowflake'. Plants were grown in a 18 °C greenhouse until marketable with foliage covering the container and flowers distributed evenly across the plant canopy. Plants were then placed in a phytotron to determine their heat tolerance. Temperature set points of 18, 23, 28, and 33 °C were delivered serially at 2-week intervals, starting at 18 °C. Plants were then returned to 18 °C after the 33 °C treatment. Immature flower bud, mature flower bud, flower and senesced flower numbers were collected once per week. Sutera `Snowflake', and Brachycome `Ultra' had the greatest flower number at the 23 °C temperature, decreasing in the 28 °C environment. Argeranthemum `Butterfly' and `Sugar Baby' had greatest flower number at 28 °C, but flowers were smaller and of lower quality than at 23 °C. Flower development of all cultivars ceased at 33 °C, but when plants were returned to the 18 °C production greenhouse, flower development resumed. According to normal average daily temperatures in Knoxville, Tenn., Ageranthemum frutescens `Butterfly' and `Sugar Baby' would flower until mid-June, while Brachycome hybrid `Ultra' and Sutera cordata `Snowflake' would flower until mid-May.

scholarly journals Sintering Activated Atomic Palladium Catalysts with High-Temperature Tolerance of ∼1,000°C

2020 ◽  
pp. 100287
Author(s):  
Nating Yang ◽  
Yonghui Zhao ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Weikai Xiang ◽  
Yuhan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Palladium Catalysts ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance

scholarly journals Selection of cowpea cultivars for high temperature tolerance: physiological, biochemical and yield aspects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Rafaele Alves Barros ◽  
Miguel Julio Machado Guimarães ◽  
Rodrigo Moura e Silva ◽  
Maydara Thaylla Cavalcanti Rêgo ◽  
Natoniel Franklin de Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Selection Of

An unprecedented high-temperature-tolerance 2D laminar MXene membrane for ultrafast hydrogen sieving

2019 ◽  
Vol 569 ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyi Fan ◽  
Luyang Wei ◽  
Xiuxia Meng ◽  
Weimin Zhang ◽  
Naitao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance

High temperature tolerance and thermal plasticity in emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Sobek ◽  
Arun Rajamohan ◽  
Daniel Dillon ◽  
Robert C. Cumming ◽  
Brent J. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Thermal Plasticity ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance

Physiological and biochemical characterization of NERICA-L-44: a novel source of heat tolerance at the vegetative and reproductive stages in rice

2014 ◽  
Vol 154 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev N Bahuguna ◽  
Jyoti Jha ◽  
Madan Pal ◽  
Divya Shah ◽  
Lovely MF Lawas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical
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