scholarly journals Shale Oil and Gas Produced Water Treatment: Opportunities and Barriers for Forward Osmosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Layla Ogletree ◽  
Hongbo Du ◽  
Raghava Kommalapati
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Produced Water Treatment ◽  
Economic Analyses

The treatment of shale oil & gas produced water is a complicated process since it contains various organic compounds and inorganic impurities. Traditional membrane processes such as reverse osmosis and nanofiltration are challenged when produced water has high salinity. Forward osmosis (FO) and membrane distillation as two emerging membrane technologies are promising for produced water treatment. This chapter will focus on reviewing FO membranes, draw solute, and hybrid processes with other membrane filtration applied to produced water treatment. The barriers to the FO processes caused by membrane fouling and reverse draw solute flux are discussed fully by comparing some FO fabrication technologies, membrane performances, and draw solute selections. The future of the FO processes for produced water treatment is by summarizing life cycle assessment and economic analyses for produced water treatment in the last decade.

scholarly journals The Water Flux Dynamic in a Hybrid Forward Osmosis-Membrane Distillation for Produced Water Treatment

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Normi Izati Mat Nawi ◽  
Muhammad Roil Bilad ◽  
Ganeswaran Anath ◽  
Nik Abdul Hadi Nordin ◽  
Jundika Candra Kurnia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Flux Dynamics ◽  
Flux Dynamic ◽  
Produced Water Treatment ◽  
Dynamic Hybrid ◽  
Membrane Wetting

Standalone membrane distillation (MD) and forward osmosis (FO) have been considered as promising technologies for produced water treatment. However, standalone MD is still vulnerable to membrane-wetting and scaling problems, while the standalone FO is energy-intensive, since it requires the recovery of the draw solution (DS). Thus, the idea of coupling FO and MD is proposed as a promising combination in which the MD facilitate DS recovery for FO—and FO acts as pretreatment to enhance fouling and wetting-resistance of the MD. This study was therefore conducted to investigate the effect of DS temperature on the dynamic of water flux of a hybrid FO–MD. First, the effect of the DS temperature on the standalone FO and MD was evaluated. Later, the flux dynamics of both units were evaluated when the FO and DS recovery (via MD) was run simultaneously. Results show that an increase in the temperature difference (from 20 to 60 °C) resulted in an increase of the FO and MD fluxes from 11.17 ± 3.85 to 30.17 ± 5.51 L m−2 h−1, and from 0.5 ± 0.75 to 16.08 L m−2 h−1, respectively. For the hybrid FO–MD, either MD or FO could act as the limiting process that dictates the equilibrium flux. Both the concentration and the temperature of DS affected the flux dynamic. When the FO flux was higher than MD flux, DS was diluted, and its temperature decreased; both then lowered the FO flux until reaching an equilibrium (equal FO and MD flux). When FO flux was lower than MD flux, the DS was concentrated which increased the FO flux until reaching the equilibrium. The overall results suggest the importance of temperature and concentration of solutes in the DS in affecting the water flux dynamic hybrid process.

scholarly journals Online Backwash Optimization of Membrane Filtration for Produced Water Treatment

Membranes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasper L. Jepsen ◽  
Mads V. Bram ◽  
Leif Hansen ◽  
Zhenyu Yang ◽  
Steven M. Ø. Lauridsen
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Scheduling Algorithm ◽  
Produced Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Train ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas

In the offshore oil and gas sector, produced water is discharged into the sea, but increasing environmental concerns and stricter governmental regulations require new technologies to be considered. Membrane filtration is a promising technology to improve separation, but fouling of the membranes causes a significant reduction in flow capacity. To reduce fouling, optimization of the backwashing parameters is given much attention. Comprehensive and time-consuming experiments are used to model the effect of backwashing, but most methods neglect time varying features present in the offshore produced water treatment train. In this paper, a backwashing scheduling algorithm is proposed, which dynamically selects the filtration and backwashing durations to maximize the average net permeate production. The proposed algorithm is tested on a lab-scaled pilot plant, where it was able to adapt as irreversible fouling accumulated and the OiW concentration changed. The paper concludes that the removal rate of oil fouling was observed to be dependent on the rate at which the backwashing pressure could be established. As the proposed method online adapts to the current conditions, it can improve the filtration capacity compared to cases with constant backwashing and filtration durations throughout the lifetime of the facilities.

Oil-Field Produced Water Treatment Using Integrated Forward Osmosis and Membrane Distillation Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (4) ◽  
pp. 5297-5305
Author(s):  
Gyu Dong Kim ◽  
Lora Toy ◽  
Zachary Hendren ◽  
Young Chul Choi ◽  
Markus Lesemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
Produced Water Treatment

scholarly journals Hole-Type Spacers for More Stable Shale Gas-Produced Water Treatment by Forward Osmosis

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Jawad AlQattan ◽  
Youngjin Kim ◽  
Sarah Kerdi ◽  
Adnan Qamar ◽  
Noreddine Ghaffour
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Solute Flux ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Flux Decline ◽  
Produced Water Treatment

An appropriate spacer design helps in minimizing membrane fouling which remains the major obstacle in forward osmosis (FO) systems. In the present study, the performance of a hole-type spacer (having holes at the filament intersections) was evaluated in a FO system and compared to a standard spacer design (without holes). The hole-type spacer exhibited slightly higher water flux and reverse solute flux (RSF) when Milli-Q water was used as feed solution and varied sodium chloride concentrations as draw solution. During shale gas produced water treatment, a severe flux decline was observed for both spacer designs due to the formation of barium sulfate scaling. SEM imaging revealed that the high shear force induced by the creation of holes led to the formation of scales on the entire membrane surface, causing a slightly higher flux decline than the standard spacer. Simultaneously, the presence of holes aided to mitigate the accumulation of foulants on spacer surface, resulting in no increase in pressure drop. Furthermore, a full cleaning efficiency was achieved by hole-type spacer attributed to the micro-jets effect induced by the holes, which aided to destroy the foulants and then sweep them away from the membrane surface.

Produced water treatment using forward osmosis membranes: Evaluation of extended-time performance and fouling

2017 ◽  
Vol 525 ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Bell ◽  
Taylor E. Poynor ◽  
Kathryn B. Newhart ◽  
Julia Regnery ◽  
Bryan D. Coday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Extended Time ◽  
Time Performance ◽  
Produced Water Treatment

scholarly journals Zwitterion-Modified Ultrafiltration Membranes for Permian Basin Produced Water Pretreatment

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjalal Babayev ◽  
Hongbo Du ◽  
Venkata S. V. Botlaguduru ◽  
Raghava R. Kommalapati
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Permian Basin ◽  
Water Pretreatment ◽  
Uf Membranes ◽  
Surface Modified

Unconventional oil and gas extraction generates large quantities of produced water (PW). Due to strict environmental regulations, it is important to recover and reuse PW. In this study, commercial polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were surface-modified with zwitterionic polymer 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-l-alanine (l-DOPA) solution to alleviate membrane fouling during the ultrafiltration of shale oil PW of the Permian Basin. UF membranes were coated in l-DOPA solution by using a dip coating technique. Membrane characterization tests confirmed successful l-DOPA coating on UF membranes. While performing the experiments, permeate flux behaviors of the uncoated and coated membranes and antifouling resistance of the zwitterionic coating were evaluated. Among the coated UF membranes with varying coating times from one day to three days, the three-day coated UF membrane showed a good flux performance and the highest fouling resistance. The flux reduced by 38.4% for the uncoated membrane, while the reduction was 16% for the three-day coated membrane after the 5 h ultrafiltration of PW. Both improvements of the flux performance and recovery ratio are attributed to a negatively-charged surface developed on the membranes after the zwitterionic coating. The UF pretreatment also improved the flux behavior of the later forward osmosis (FO) process for PW treatment.

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