scholarly journals Nitrogen Fixation in Soybean Nodules Affects Seed Protein and Oil Contents: The Suggested Mechanism from the Coordinated Changes of Seed Chemical Compositions and Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Activity Caused by Different Types of Nitrogen Fertilizer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Sugimoto ◽  
Naoki Yamamoto ◽  
Takehiro Masumura
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Oil Accumulation ◽  
Carboxylase Activity ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Late Maturation

The contents of seed storage compounds, protein and oil, determine the best use of soybean seeds, namely materials for food processing and oil production. Genetic and environmental factors could affect the chemical compositions of soybean seeds. However, the mechanisms of how the accumulation of these primary seed compounds is regulated are mostly unclear. In this chapter, we describe the different effects of nodulation on the protein and oil contents in soybean seeds and the crucial role of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) in the protein accumulation of soybean seeds. Based on our previous studies on soybean seeds, we introduce five manners deduced; (1) protein accumulation is independent of oil accumulation, (2) nitrogen fixation results in decreasing oil amount per seed and decreased seed oil content, (3) a high pseudo negative correlation between protein and oil contents in seeds is likely to be observed under less nitrogen supply from the soil, (4) nitrogen absorbed from soil during the late growth stage promote seed production, (5) plant-type PEPC, ex. Gmppc2 in soybean could play a role in amino acid biosynthesis for storage protein accumulation in seeds during the late maturation period.

scholarly journals Development of RR soybean in function of glyphosate doses and Bradyrhizobium inoculation

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 854-858
Author(s):  
João W. Bossolani ◽  
Nadia M. Poloni ◽  
Edson Lazarini ◽  
João V. T. Bettiol ◽  
João A. Fischer Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Outdoor Experiment ◽  
Glyphosate Herbicide ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

ABSTRACT Soybean has traditionally been produced in systems that include the use of herbicides, often in higher than recommended doses. The process of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes can be hampered by these herbicides, both by direct effects on rhizobia and indirect effects on the host plant. An outdoor experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of different doses of a glyphosate herbicide on Bradyrhizobium strains and biological nitrogen fixation in soybean BMX Potência RR plants. Soybean seeds were inoculated with Bradyrhizobium elkanii (SEMIA 5019) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum (SEMIA 5079) strains in a commercial liquid inoculant. The treatments consisted of the absence and presence of Bradyrhizobium genotypes inoculated via seed and four doses of the herbicide glyphosate applied on the leaves (0, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 L ha-1 of the commercial product) at the V3 stage. The leaf chlorophyll index of inoculated RR soybean plants did not change on the application of glyphosate and, regardless of inoculation, plants had the capacity to recover from the effects of glyphosate application, without impaired development.

scholarly journals Relationship between NH+4 Assimilation Rate and in Vivo Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Activity

1990 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 284-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg C. Vanlerberghe ◽  
Kathryn A. Schuller ◽  
Ronald G. Smith ◽  
Regina Feil ◽  
William C. Plaxton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Carboxylase Activity

scholarly journals Dynamic Transcriptome Changes Related to Oil Accumulation in Developing Soybean Seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songnan Yang ◽  
Long Miao ◽  
Jianbo He ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Seed Oil Content ◽  
Oil Accumulation ◽  
Expression Levels

Soybean is one of the most important oil crops in the world. Revealing the molecular basis and exploring key candidate genes for seed oil synthesis has great significance for soybean improvement. In this study, we found that oil accumulation rates and gene expression levels changed dynamically during soybean seed development. The expression levels of genes in metabolic pathways such as carbon fixation, photosynthesis, glycolysis, and fatty acid biosynthesis were significantly up-regulated during the rapid accumulation of oil in developing soybean seeds. Through weighted correlation network analysis, we identified six co-expression modules associated with soybean seed oil content and the pink module was the most positively correlated (r = 0.83, p = 7 × 10−4) network. Through the integration of differential expression and co-expression analysis, we predicted 124 candidate genes potentially affecting soybean seed oil content, including seven genes in lipid metabolism pathway, two genes involved in glycolysis, one gene in sucrose metabolism, and 12 genes belonged to transcription factors as well as other categories. Among these, three genes (GmABI3b, GmNFYA and GmFAD2-1B) have been shown to control oil and fatty acid content in soybean seeds, and other newly identified candidate genes would broaden our knowledge to understand the molecular basis for oil accumulation in soybean seeds.

scholarly journals A study of stabilization of gluconeogenic activity in rat liver slices by calcium and manganese ions

1972 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Roobol ◽  
G. A. O. Alleyne
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Lysosomal Enzymes ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Liver Slice ◽  
Manganese Ions ◽  
Slice Preparation ◽  
Carboxylase Activity ◽  
Bivalent Cations

1. The effect of some bivalent cations on gluconeogenesis by the rat liver-slice preparation has been investigated. 2. Ca2+and Mn2+stimulated glucose production from a range of substrates but not from glycerol. Mg2+had no effect on the rate of glucose production. 3. Ca2+were required to maintain phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity in the slice preparation. 4. Ca2+and Mn2+, but not Mg2+, retarded the release of lysosomal enzymes from the slice into the incubation medium. 5. It is proposed that Ca2+and Mn2+stimulate glucose production by stabilizing the lysosome system in the liver-slice preparation. 6. The value of the liver-slice preparation as a means of measuring hepatic gluconeogenesis is discussed.

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