scholarly journals Responses of White Blood Cells to Killed Candida albicans as a Preventive Strategy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Phenotypic Switching ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mycological Diagnosis ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
Systemic Infections

C. albicans is by far the most common Candida species causing infection in humans which include superficial and a life- threatening systemic infections. Despite the public health significance of candida infections, phenotypic switching of C. albicans, slow mycological diagnosis, limitation of use of antifungal agents due to toxicity, high cost and emergence of resistance have impeded effective treatment. Therefore, a need for safe and potent strategy to prevent this disease is necessary. This chapter discusses the roles of white blood cells as the first line defense mechanism against inactivated C. albicans.

NORMAL GRANULOCYTE INFUSION THERAPY FOR ASPERGILLOSIS IN CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-233
Author(s):  
Andrew A. Raubitschek ◽  
Alan S. Levin ◽  
Daniel P. Stites ◽  
Edward B. Shaw ◽  
H. Hugh Fudenberg
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Chronic Granulomatous Disease ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Infusion Therapy ◽  
Granulomatous Disease ◽  
Transient Improvement ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Granulocyte Function

An 8-year-old boy with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) was admitted in moribund condition with aspergillus pneumonia. Because of the gravity of the situation, normal granulocyte infusions were used as adjuncts to the more conventional antimicrobial therapy. White blood cells, derived from a total of 58 units of whole blood obtained by leukophoresis of the father, were given in two separate doses. The first dose, totaling 2.8 x 1010 granulocytes, was coincident with significant improvement, and the second, totaling 3.0 x 1010 granulocytes, was coincident with the onset of clinical improvement and interim recovery. Transient improvement in in vitro granulocyte function was noted in cells taken from the patient's blood immediately after infusion. No adverse effects of the infusions were noted in either the patient or the donor. Although it is impossible to divorce the therapeutic effect of the granulocyte infusions from the more conventional therapy, we conclude that normal granulocyte infusions can be considered a valid adjunct in children with CGD who are suffering from a life-threatening infection.

Nonmalignant Disorders of Leukocytes

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison M. Schram ◽  
Nancy Berliner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Cancer Surveillance ◽  
Vasoactive Substances ◽  
Clinical Disorders ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
And Function

Leukocytes, also known as white blood cells, are hematologic cells important for a host’s immune defense. They comprise several diverse cell types including lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils. Each plays a unique and important role in fighting infection, cancer surveillance, and maintaining immune homeostasis. Leukocytes exert their effect and interact with host and foreign cells through the release of cytokines, chemokines, enzymes, and vasoactive substances. Altered number and function of these cells can lead to clinical disorders that range from benign to severe and life-threatening. Here we review the diagnosis, natural history, and treatment of nonmalignant disorders of leukocytes. This review contains 100 references, 6 figures, and 9 tables. Key Words: eosinophilia, hemophagocytic histiocytosis, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, lymphocytopenia, lymphocytosis mastocytosis, neutropenia, neutrophilia

Ultrastructural changes in murine lymphoma cells exposed to ultraviolet-A radiation

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 104-105
Author(s):  
Delma P. Thomas ◽  
Dianne E. Godar
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Ultraviolet A ◽  
Uv Spectrum ◽  
Lymphoma Cells ◽  
Murine Lymphoma ◽  
Transmission Electron

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from all three waveband regions of the UV spectrum, UVA (320-400 nm), UVB (290-320 nm), and UVC (200-290 nm), can be emitted by some medical devices and consumer products. Sunlamps can expose the blood to a considerable amount of UVR, particularly UVA and/or UVB. The percent transmission of each waveband through the epidermis to the dermis, which contains blood, increases in the order of increasing wavelength: UVC (10%) < UVB (20%) < UVA (30%). To investigate the effects of UVR on white blood cells, we chose transmission electron microscopy to examine the ultrastructure changes in L5178Y-R murine lymphoma cells.

The Effect of Red Blood Cells on the ADP-induced Aggregation of Human Platelets in Flow Through Tubes

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (01) ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N Bell ◽  
Samira Spain ◽  
Harry L Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Mean Transit Time ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryThe effect of red blood cells, rbc, and shear rate on the ADPinduced aggregation of platelets in whole blood, WB, flowing through polyethylene tubing was studied using a previously described technique (1). Effluent WB was collected into 0.5% glutaraldehyde and the red blood cells removed by centrifugation through Percoll. At 23°C the rate of single platelet aggregtion was upt to 9× greater in WB than previously found in platelet-rich plasma (2) at mean tube shear rates Ḡ = 41.9,335, and 1,920 s−1, and at both 0.2 and 1.0 µM ADP. At 0.2 pM ADP, the rate of aggregation was greatest at Ḡ = 41.9 s−1 over the first 1.7 s mean transit time through the flow tube, t, but decreased steadily with time. At Ḡ ≥335 s−1 the rate of aggregation increased between t = 1.7 and 8.6 s; however, aggregate size decreased with increasing shear rate. At 1.0 µM ADP, the initial rate of single platelet aggregation was still highest at Ḡ = 41.9 s1 where large aggregates up to several millimeters in diameter containing rbc formed by t = 43 s. At this ADP concentration, aggregate size was still limited at Ḡ ≥335 s−1 but the rate of single platelet aggregation was markedly greater than at 0.2 pM ADP. By t = 43 s, no single platelets remained and rbc were not incorporated into aggregates. Although aggregate size increased slowly, large aggregates eventually formed. White blood cells were not significantly incorporated into aggregates at any shear rate or ADP concentration. Since the present technique did not induce platelet thromboxane A2 formation or cause cell lysis, these experiments provide evidence for a purely mechanical effect of rbc in augmenting platelet aggregation in WB.

White blood cells levels and PCOS: direct and indirect relationship with insulin resistance, but not with hyperandogenemia

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Papalou ◽  
Sarantis Livadas ◽  
Athanasios Karachalios ◽  
Nektarios Benetatos ◽  
George Boutzios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Indirect Relationship

Endogenous Heparinoids Detected by anti-Xa Activity are Present in Blood during Acute Variceal Bleeding in Cirrhosis. A Prospective Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Triantos ◽  
Emmanuel Louvros ◽  
Maria Kalafateli ◽  
Anne Riddell ◽  
Ulrich Thalheimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Variceal Bleeding ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
Ulcer Bleeding ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Packed Red Blood Cells ◽  
Bacterial Peritonitis

Background & Aims: Endogenous heparinoids have been detected by thromboelastography and quantified by clotting based anti-Xa activity assays in patients with cirrhosis, but their presence in variceal bleeding has not been established yet.Methods: Clotting based anti-Xa activity was measured in A) 30 cirrhotics with variceal bleeding, B) 15 noncirrhotics with peptic ulcer bleeding, C) 10 cirrhotics without infection or bleeding, and D) 10 cirrhotics with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Results: Anti-Xa activity was not detected in ulcer bleeders or in cirrhotics without infection or bleedingbut was present in seven (23%) variceal bleeders (median levels: 0.03 u/mL (0.01-0.07)) and was quantifiable for 3 days in six of seven patients. Four of seven variceal bleeders with anti-Xa activity present had HCC (p=0.023). Age, creatinine, platelet count and total infections the second day from admission were significantly correlated with the presence of measureable anti-Xa levels (p=0.014, 0.032, 0.004 and 0.019, respectively). In the HCC group, anti-Xa activity was present in three patients (30%) [median levels: 0.05 u/mL (0.01-0.06)].Conclusions: In this study, variceal bleeders and 30% of the patients with HCC had endogenous heparinoids that were detected by a clotting based anti-Xa activity assay, whereas there was no anti Xa activity present in patients with cirrhosis without infection, or bleeding or HCC, nor in those with ulcer bleeding. Thus, the anti-Xa activity is likely to be a response to bacterial infection and/or presence of HCC in cirrhosis.List of abbreviations: AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; CP, Child-Pugh; FXa, activated factor X; GAGS, glycosaminoglycans; Hb, hemoglobin; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HVPG, hepatic venous pressure gradient; INR, International normalized ratio; LMWHs, low molecular weight heparins; MELD, Model for End-stage Liver Disease; PPP, platelet-poor plasma; PRBC, packed red blood cells; PT, prothrombin time; SBP, sponataneous bacterial peritonitis; TEG, thromboelastography; WBC, white blood cells.

OC79 THE ROLE OF PROCALCITONIN, C-REACTIVE PROTEIN AND WHITE BLOOD CELLS IN THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS BETWEEN SEPSIS AND SIRS IN CARDIAC SURGERY PATIENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. e32
Author(s):  
D. Brugnetti ◽  
K. Reeve ◽  
U. Held ◽  
H. Löblein ◽  
D. Odavic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein

Gene Expression Differences in White Blood Cells after Escherichia coli Infection in Chickens

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Sandford ◽  
Megan Orr ◽  
Xianyao Li ◽  
Huaijun Zhou ◽  
timothy J. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection
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