scholarly journals Connect Two Crude Oil Distillation Units with One Crude Oil De-Salter in Dewania Refinery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Mahmoud Waheeb
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Total Pressure ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Reduce Heat Loss ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Crude Oil Distillation ◽  
Reduced Temperature

Crude oil, which exported to refineries, already contains salt, water, and fouling crude oil received with salt content not less than 50 ppm. Dewania refinery with a capacity of 20,000 BPSD, which serves with two crude distillation units, each unit with a capacity of 10,000 BPSD, which operate without crude desalter. In an aim to reduce the effects of salts, water and, fouling associated with crude oil, two crude distillation units connected with one crude oil desalter with a capacity of 20,000 BPSD (one desalter). crude oil desalter transferred from (Daura Refinery) to Dewania refinery, in aim to reduce salt content from 50ppm to 5 ppm and mitigate water and other fouling. Crude oil desalter installed in the middle distance between two crude distillations units (90 m from each unit isometric piping). Crude oil, which is pumped by a charge pump to preheated in crude oil distillation unit with a train of heat exchangers. When the pipeline size increased from 4″ to 6″, which reduces the pressure dropped from 0.946 to 0.15 bar for each transfer pipeline and in consequence, the total pressure drop reduces from 11.011 to 10.215 bar for the whole unit. In an aim to reduce the heat dissipated from surface of transfer pipeline. Each transfer pipeline insulated with calcium silicate insulator, the thickness of insulator increased from 38mm to 50mm in an aim to reduce heat loss from −101.56 watts/m to −84.282 watts/m, which reduced temperature difference between the surface pipeline and environment from 13 to 10°C.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Local Demulsifiers and Evaluation in Iraqi Oil Fields

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 294-303
Author(s):  
Zaidoun Kh. Kuraimid ◽  
Azhar A. Sharef ◽  
Buthaynaa Khalil Ibraheem ◽  
Huda Qasism Jebur ◽  
Sameer Hussin
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Gemini Surfactants ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Separation Function ◽  
Local Material ◽  
Oil Company

De-emulsifiers are one of the important industrial additives used commonly in petroleum industry in order to separate the salt water from crude oil in wet crude oil fields of south oil company (S.O.C) in Iraqi fields. In the present study, it has been prepared local demulsifies by synthesis Gemini surfactants bis (Quaternary ammonium salt). The local de-emulsifier was assessed in the laboratories of South Oil Company (S.O.C) Comparison with the results of commercial de-emulsifier (A), where the local material efficiency was higher than the important commercial (A) adopted in the S.O.C by bottle Test and later was produced (6) barrels of material prepared and evaluated in AL-SHAMIA Degassing station in Iraqi South Rumaila .   Where, evaluated the local de-emulsifier in the fields and show the positive results, this describes the evaluation of field emulsifying the local material in this study with lost cost of preparation of a one barrel about 500$ in the time that the cost of one barrel of commercial de-emulsifier is 1000$.    The assessment was in the conditions of commercial de-emulsifier, depending on the natural of Dehydrator and Desolater in addition of the effective Dose is 25ppm and by 100% separation efficiency in same fresh oil source.    The efficiency of local de-emulsifier studied Varity of parameters like: Temperature and the time required to separation function of the Dose.    The field evaluation conditions of local de-emulsifier were under control outside of the oils (fresh) of D2 (Desolater) of isolation units to examine all of the water and salt content of crude oil.

Thermal Design of Heat Exchanger With Fins Inside and Outside Tubes

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Xie ◽  
Q. Y. Chen ◽  
M. Zeng ◽  
Q. W. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Total Pressure ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Heat Transfer Area ◽  
Tube Heat Exchanger ◽  
Total Pressure Drop

Compact heat exchangers such as tube-fin types and plate-fin types are widely used for gas-liquid or gas-gas applications. Some examples are air-coolers, fan coils, regenerators and recuperators in micro-turbines. In this study, thermal design of fin-and-tube (tube-fin) heat exchanger performance with fins being employed outside and inside tubes was presented, with which designed plate-fin heat exchanger was compared. These designs were performed under identical mass flow rate, inlet temperature and operating pressure on each side for recuperator in 100kW microturbine as well as specified allowable fractions of total pressure drop by means of Log-Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) method. Heat transfer areas, volumes and weights of designed heat exchangers were evaluated. It is shown that, under identical heat duty, fin-and-tube heat exchanger requires 1.8 times larger heat transfer area outside tubes and volume, 0.6 times smaller heat transfer area inside tubes than plate-fin heat exchanger. Under identical total pressure drop, fin-and-tube heat exchanger requires about 5 times larger volume and heat transfer area in gas-side, 1.6 times larger heat transfer area in air-side than plate-fin heat exchanger. Total weight of fin-and-tube heat exchanger is about 2.7 times higher than plate-fin heat exchanger, however, the heat transfer rate of fin-and-tube heat exchanger is about 1.4 times larger than that of plate-fin heat exchanger. It is indicated that, both-sides finned tube heat exchanger may be used in engineering application where the total pressure drop is severe to a small fraction and the operating pressure is high, and may be adopted for recuperator in microturbine.

scholarly journals Heat Exchanger Handling MWCNT/Water Nanofluids

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Md Jasim Alam ◽  
Mr. Yasir Baig
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Total Pressure ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Total Heat Transfer ◽  
Total Pressure Drop ◽  
Coil Heat Exchanger ◽  
Coil Heat

Heat exchangers are an essential part in an assortment of mechanical settings, for example, cooling frameworks, force plants, refineries, and in this way ceaseless endeavor are made to expand their heat transfer efficiencies. Optimize design of helical coil heat exchanger by using fins and the Compare pressure & temperature by conventional design. The final outcome of the study increase the total heat transfer rate inside the domain. And increase the pressure drop inside the domain. The water outlet temperature decrease up to 315k and cold outlet temperature increase up to 320 k. and total pressure drop increase with the temperature increases. Finally the CFD data were compared with previous data  the total pressure drop increase up to 0.65 bar for case-2.the overall efficiency of the system incites up to 5%  to 6%.

Investigational Studies on Quantity of Salinity in Netravati River Estuary Sand-Coastal Karnataka

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Raveesha P ◽  
K. E. Prakash ◽  
B. T. Suresh Babu
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Sand Sample ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Natural Aggregates

The salt water mixes with fresh water and forms brackish water. The brackish water contains some quantity of salt, but not equal to sea water. Salinity determines the geographic distribution of the number of marshes found in estuary. Hence salinity is a very important environmental factor in estuary system. Sand is one major natural aggregate, required in construction industry mainly for the manufacture of concrete. The availability of good river sand is reduced due to salinity. The quality of sand available from estuarine regions is adversely affected due to this reason. It is the responsibility of engineers to check the quality of sand and its strength parameters before using it for any construction purpose. Presence of salt content in natural aggregates or manufactured aggregates is the cause for corrosion in steel. In this study the amount of salinity present in estuary sand was determined. Three different methods were used to determine the salinity in different seasonal variations. The sand sample collected nearer to the sea was found to be high in salinity in all methods.  It can be concluded that care should be taken before we use estuary sand as a construction material due to the presence of salinity.

MUELLER ALLOY 7060

Alloy Digest ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Cold Working ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Iron Alloy ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Nickel Iron Alloy

Abstract MUELLER Alloy 7060 is a copper-nickel-iron alloy. It has good strength at moderately elevated temperatures and can be fabricated by both hot and cold-working procedures. It contains nominally 11/4 iron to increase its resistance to corrosion and erosion. It has good resistance to corrosion by salt water and is used in marine service. It is used widely for condenser tubes, distiller tubes, heat exchangers, evaporators and water heaters for domestic service. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Cu-501. Producer or source: Mueller Brass Company.

COPPER ALLOY No. C70400

Alloy Digest ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Copper Alloy ◽  
Cold Working ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Resistance To Stress

Abstract Copper Alloy No. C70400 is a 5.5% nickel-copper alloy characterized by resistance to corrosion by high-velocity seawater, resistance to stress-corrosion cracking, and retention of strength at moderately elevated temperatures. It responds well to both hot and cold-working operations. Among its many uses are springs, switches, heat exchangers, salt-water piping and relays. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Cu-500. Producer or source: Copper and copper alloy mills.

Study of the Effect of Crude Oils on the Metallic Corrosion

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Suresh Aluvihara ◽  
Jagath K Premachandra
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Ferrous Metals

Corrosion is a severe matter regarding the most of metal using industries such as the crude oil refining. The formation of the oxides, sulfides or hydroxides on the surface of metal due to the chemical reaction between metals and surrounding is the corrosion that  highly depended on the corrosive properties of crude oil as well as the chemical composition of ferrous metals since it was expected to investigate the effect of Murban and Das blend crude oils on the rate of corrosion of seven different ferrous metals which are used in the crude oil refining industry and investigate the change in hardness of metals. The sulfur content, acidity and salt content of each crude oil were determined. A series of similar pieces of seven different types of ferrous metals were immersed in each crude oil separately and their rates of corrosion were determined by using their relative weight loss after 15, 30 and 45 days. The corroded metal surfaces were observed under the microscope. The hardness of each metal piece was tested before the immersion in crude oil and after the corrosion with the aid of Vicker’s hardness tester. The metallic concentrations of each crude oil sample were tested using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The Das blend crude oil contained higher sulfur content and acidity than Murban crude oil. Carbon steel metal pieces showed the highest corrosion rates whereas the stainless steel metal pieces showed the least corrosion rates in both crude oils since that found significant Fe and Cu concentrations from some of crude oil samples. The mild steel and the Monel showed relatively intermediate corrosion rates compared to the other types of ferrous metal pieces in both crude oils. There was a slight decrease in the initial hardness of all the ferrous metal pieces due to corrosion.

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