scholarly journals The Role of miR-107 in Prostate Cancer: A Review and Experimental Evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elizbeth Alvarez-Sanchez ◽  
Oscar Rojas Espinosa ◽  
Julio César Torres-Romero ◽  
Ereth Ameyatzin Robles Chávez ◽  
Edgar Estrella-Parra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Endogenous Regulators ◽  
New Biomarkers

Over the past two decades, several research groups have focused on the functioning of microRNAs (miRNAs), because many of them function as positive or negative endogenous regulators of processes that alter during the development of cancer. Prostate cancer is the second most commonly occurring cancer in men. New biomarkers are needed to support the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Although it is necessary to deepen the research on this molecule to explore its potential utility in the diagnosis, follow-up, and prognosis of cancer, our results support a role of miR-107 in the signaling cascades that allow cancer progression, and as shown here, in the progression of Prostate Cancer (PCa). These findings strongly suggest that miR-107 may be a potential circulating biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer.

167: Role of trefoil factor-3 peptide (TFF3) in prostate cancer progression

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. S37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nowak ◽  
C. Merz ◽  
A. Von Maessenhausen ◽  
W. Vogel ◽  
D. Boehm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Prostate Cancer Progression ◽  
Trefoil Factor ◽  
Trefoil Factor 3

scholarly journals Comparative performance of MRI-derived PRECISE scores and delta-radiomics models for the prediction of prostate cancer progression in patients on active surveillance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Sushentsev ◽  
Leonardo Rundo ◽  
Oleg Blyuss ◽  
Tatiana Nazarenko ◽  
Aleksandr Suvorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Lasso Regression

Abstract Objectives To compare the performance of the PRECISE scoring system against several MRI-derived delta-radiomics models for predicting histopathological prostate cancer (PCa) progression in patients on active surveillance (AS). Methods The study included AS patients with biopsy-proven PCa with a minimum follow-up of 2 years and at least one repeat targeted biopsy. Histopathological progression was defined as grade group progression from diagnostic biopsy. The control group included patients with both radiologically and histopathologically stable disease. PRECISE scores were applied prospectively by four uro-radiologists with 5–16 years’ experience. T2WI- and ADC-derived delta-radiomics features were computed using baseline and latest available MRI scans, with the predictive modelling performed using the parenclitic networks (PN), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression, and random forests (RF) algorithms. Standard measures of discrimination and areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) were calculated, with AUCs compared using DeLong’s test. Results The study included 64 patients (27 progressors and 37 non-progressors) with a median follow-up of 46 months. PRECISE scores had the highest specificity (94.7%) and positive predictive value (90.9%), whilst RF had the highest sensitivity (92.6%) and negative predictive value (92.6%) for predicting disease progression. The AUC for PRECISE (84.4%) was non-significantly higher than AUCs of 81.5%, 78.0%, and 80.9% for PN, LASSO regression, and RF, respectively (p = 0.64, 0.43, and 0.57, respectively). No significant differences were observed between AUCs of the three delta-radiomics models (p-value range 0.34–0.77). Conclusions PRECISE and delta-radiomics models achieved comparably good performance for predicting PCa progression in AS patients. Key Points • The observed high specificity and PPV of PRECISE are complemented by the high sensitivity and NPV of delta-radiomics, suggesting a possible synergy between the two image assessment approaches. • The comparable performance of delta-radiomics to PRECISE scores applied by expert readers highlights the prospective use of the former as an objective and standardisable quantitative tool for MRI-guided AS follow-up. • The marginally superior performance of parenclitic networks compared to conventional machine learning algorithms warrants its further use in radiomics research.

Role of ultrasensitive prostate-specific antigen in the follow-up of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 16.e1-16.e7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heikki Seikkula ◽  
Kari T. Syvänen ◽  
Samu Kurki ◽  
Tuomas Mirtti ◽  
Pekka Taimen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Specific Antigen

scholarly journals In vitro engineering of a bone metastases model allows for study of the effects of antiandrogen therapies in advanced prostate cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (27) ◽  
pp. eabg2564
Author(s):  
Nathalie Bock ◽  
Thomas Kryza ◽  
Ali Shokoohmand ◽  
Joan Röhl ◽  
Akhilandeshwari Ravichandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Advanced Prostate Cancer ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Metastatic Tissue ◽  
Metastatic Lesions ◽  
Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Castrate Resistant

While androgen-targeted therapies are routinely used in advanced prostate cancer (PCa), their effect is poorly understood in treating bone metastatic lesions and ultimately results in the development of metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Here, we used an all-human microtissue-engineered model of mineralized metastatic tissue combining human osteoprogenitor cells, 3D printing and prostate cancer cells, to assess the effects of the antiandrogens, bicalutamide, and enzalutamide in this microenvironment. We demonstrate that cancer/bone stroma interactions and antiandrogens drive cancer progression in a mineralized microenvironment. Probing the bone microenvironment with enzalutamide led to stronger cancer cell adaptive responses and osteomimicry than bicalutamide. Enzalutamide presented with better treatment response, in line with enzalutamide delaying time to bone-related events and enzalutamide extending survival in mCRPC. The all-human microtissue-engineered model of mineralized metastatic tissue presented here represents a substantial advance to dissect the role of the bone tumor microenvironment and responses to therapies for mCPRC.

scholarly journals Extracellular Chaperones as Novel Biomarkers of Overall Cancer Progression and Efficacy of Anticancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 6009
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Anna Krawczyk ◽  
Agata Pospieszynska ◽  
Małgorzata Styczewska ◽  
Ewa Bien ◽  
Sambor Sawicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Immune System Regulation ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Shock Proteins

Exosomal heat shock proteins (Hsps) are involved in intercellular communication both in physiological and pathological conditions. They play a role in key processes of carcinogenesis including immune system regulation, cell differentiation, vascular homeostasis and metastasis formation. Thus, exosomal Hsps are emerging biomarkers of malignancies and possible therapeutic targets. Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) are patients aged 15–39 years. This age group, placed between pediatric and adult oncology, pose a particular challenge for cancer management. New biomarkers of cancer growth and progression as well as prognostic factors are desperately needed in AYAs. In this review, we attempted to summarize the current knowledge on the role of exosomal Hsps in selected solid tumors characteristic for the AYA population and/or associated with poor prognosis in this age group. These included malignant melanoma, brain tumors, and breast, colorectal, thyroid, hepatocellular, lung and gynecological tract carcinomas. The studies on exosomal Hsps in these tumors are limited; however; some have provided promising results. Although further research is needed, there is potential for future clinical applications of exosomal Hsps in AYA cancers, both as novel biomarkers of disease presence, progression or relapse, or as therapeutic targets or tools for drug delivery.

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