scholarly journals Genetically Modified Potato for Pest Resistance: Thrift or Threat?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Raspor ◽  
Aleksandar Cingel
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
Pest Resistance ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Bt Toxin ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Cost

Significant limitations in potato production are crop loss due to the damage made by insect pests, and the cost of enormous amount of chemicals, harmful to humans and environment, extensively used in their control. As an alternative, development of genetically modified potato offered possibility for pest management in a more sustainable, environmentally friendly way. Over the past 30 years introduction of pest resistance traits progressed from a single gene to multiple stacked events and from Bt-toxin expression to expression of proteins from non-Bt sources, dsRNA and their combination, while advances in molecular biology have brought “cleaner” gene manipulation technologies. However, together with benefits any new technology also bears its risks, and there are still a range of unanswered questions and concerns about long-term impact of genetically modified crops – that with knowledge and precautionary approaches can be avoided or mitigated. Sustainability of genetically modified crops for pest control largely depends on the willingness to gain and implement such knowledge.

Genetically Modified Crops For Insect Pests And Disease Resistance

2017 ◽  
pp. 307-330
Author(s):  
Tushar Ranjan ◽  
Sangita Sahni ◽  
Bishun Deo Prasad ◽  
Vijay Kumar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops

scholarly journals Commercialisation of genetically modified crops in New Zealand

1999 ◽  
pp. 117-119
Author(s):  
M.J. Willocks
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
Market Analysis ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Product Stewardship ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Cost

Commercialisation of genetically modified organisms creates new challenges for marketers and developers of this technology. The cost of development is high, and the need to gain a return on investment that reflects this cost is critical to ensure that this technology is brought to New Zealand agriculture. A further challenge is that the regulatory requirements differ from those required for non-transgenic crops. Once introduced into the market, it is important to develop a product stewardship programme to ensure continued trait performance and prevent factors arising that will negate the value of these traits such as pest resistance. Keywords: genetically modified organisms, market analysis, product stewardship, regulatory process, return on investment

scholarly journals CRISPR-mediated mutations in the ABC transporter gene ABCA2 confer pink bollworm resistance to Bt toxin Cry2Ab

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Fabrick ◽  
Dannialle M. LeRoy ◽  
Lolita G. Mathew ◽  
Yidong Wu ◽  
Gopalan C. Unnithan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Pest Resistance ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Pink Bollworm ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Bt Crops ◽  
Bt Toxin ◽  
First Case

AbstractCrops genetically engineered to produce insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have many benefits and are important globally for managing insect pests. However, the evolution of pest resistance to Bt crops reduces their benefits. Understanding the genetic basis of such resistance is needed to better monitor, manage, and counter pest resistance to Bt crops. Previous work shows that resistance to Bt toxin Cry2Ab is associated with mutations in the gene encoding the ATP-binding cassette protein ABCA2 in lab- and field-selected populations of the pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), one of the world’s most destructive pests of cotton. Here we used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to test the hypothesis that mutations in the pink bollworm gene encoding ABCA2 (PgABCA2) can cause resistance to Cry2Ab. Consistent with this hypothesis, introduction of disruptive mutations in PgABCA2 in a susceptible strain of pink bollworm increased the frequency of resistance to Cry2Ab and facilitated creation of a Cry2Ab-resistant strain. All Cry2Ab-resistant individuals tested in this study had disruptive mutations in PgABCA2. Overall, we found 17 different disruptive mutations in PgABCA2 gDNA and 26 in PgABCA2 cDNA, including novel mutations corresponding precisely to single-guide (sgRNA) sites used for CRISPR/Cas9. Together with previous results, these findings provide the first case of practical resistance to Cry2Ab where evidence identifies a specific gene in which disruptive mutations can cause resistance and are associated with resistance in field-selected populations.

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