Building James Stone’s Elkhorn Distillery
On the eve of the Civil War, Scott County farmer James M. Stone owned twenty-three enslaved people, farmed 137 acres of improved land along South Elkhorn Creek, and was one of the most prosperous farmers in the county. By 1867, his industrial distillery produced about thirty barrels of whiskey per week. He entered into a business partnership with James H. Shropshire, who assisted with management and provided some of the capital for expansion. Stone made extensive modifications to his works to comply with the new federal requirements imposed by the 1868 revenue law, including building a state-of-the-art stack-type warehouse of brick, with a metal roof and iron window shutters. Cooper Adam Michaels made barrels for Elkhorn and other distilleries. Elkhorn’s transport connections for grain, construction materials, fuel, and whiskey were unimproved roads and a track-side depot on the railroad some two and a half miles distant. Logistics proved to be problematic for the duration of Elkhorn’s operations. Elkhorn consumed more grain than was produced locally and required shipments from Outer Bluegrass counties; barley malt came from Canada, and hops arrived from brokers in Lexington and Cincinnati. Most grain was shipped in sacks. New mechanical equipment often proved unreliable or unsuited for its application, necessitating ad hoc repairs. The distillery operation included a large pen where hogs were fed slop.