scholarly journals Effects of Sleep Deprivation in Young and Adult Rats: An Assessment of Memory and Anxiety

2020 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvin Zareian ◽  
Mohsen Nategh
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Avoidance Task ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Rem Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Memory Status

: As an important issue, sleep deprivation influences the cognition and mood of society. It both causes different effects on various individuals and age groups. However, the effects on various age groups are not well studied. The present study, which used a rat model of sleep deprivation, investigated the learning and memory status of sleep-deprived (SD) rats. Two groups of young and adult rats underwent 96 h of REM sleep deprivation by the inverted flowerpot method. Control groups were in the same condition but were could sleep normally. In behavioral groups, anxiety was assessed by an elevated plus-maze. Six weeks later, spatial memory was evaluated using the Morris water maze, and fear memory was assessed by passive avoidance learning. Based on the findings, SD increases anxiety in young rats. Regarding the spatial memory, young SD rats showed impairment in retrieval, but adult SD rats failed to learn the task as effectively as the controls. Memory retrieval in the passive avoidance task was impaired only in the adult SD rats. A different stage of memory affected by sleep deprivation in young and adult rats reflected varying mechanisms in these two age groups.

Dissimilar Anxiety-like Behavior in Prepubertal and Young Adult Female Rats on Acute Exposure to Aluminium

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trina Sengupta ◽  
Sutirtha Ghosh ◽  
Archana Gaur T. ◽  
Prasunpriya Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Acute Exposure ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Plus Maze

Background: Puberty is a developmental transition in which an estrogenic surge occurs, mediating the release of xenoestrogens, like aluminium. Aluminium’s effect on anxiety in rodents at the different developmental stages is inconsistent. Aims: This study aimed at investigating the effect of the metalloestrogenic property of aluminium on anxiety-like behavioral changes in prepubertal and young adult female rats. Objective: Considering this aim, our objective was to evaluate the anxiety-like behavior by the elevated plus maze in prepubertal and young adult female rats with or without acute exposure to aluminium. Methods: To address this property of aluminium, 5mg/Kg body weight (Al-5) and 10 mg/Kg body weight (Al-10) of aluminium was administered intraperitoneally to female rats at two developmental stages, prepubertal (PP; n = 8 for each dose) and young adult (YA; n = 6 for each dose) for two weeks. Post-treatment, three days behavioral assessment of the rats was done employing elevated plus maze. Results: Reduced escape latency was seen in Al-5, Al-10 pre-pubertal rats, and Al-5 young-adult rats on day 3. A significant reduction in open arm time was seen in the Al-5 young-adult rats. Aluminium treatment in the pre-pubertal rats reduced their head dipping and grooming. Reduced sniffing, head dipping, and stretch-attended posture in the treated young-adult female rats showed that they had impaired risk-taking tendency. Conclusion: Differential effect on the anxiety-like behavior in the pre-pubertal and young-adult female rats might be due to the metalloestrogenic property of aluminium, acting differently on the two age groups.

Long-term Impairment of Acquisition of a Spatial Memory Task following Isoflurane–Nitrous Oxide Anesthesia in Rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah J. Culley ◽  
Mark G. Baxter ◽  
Rustam Yukhananov ◽  
Gregory Crosby
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Spatial Memory Task ◽  
Oxide Anesthesia

Background The authors demonstrated previously that isoflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia attenuates performance improvement on an already-learned spatial memory task and that the effect persists for weeks. This experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that learning of new information is particularly susceptible to prolonged disruption after general anesthesia. Methods Six- (n = 5) and 20- (n = 5) month-old male Fischer 344 rats were anesthetized for 2 h with 1.2% isoflurane, 70% nitrous oxide, and 30% oxygen. Age-matched control rats received 30% oxygen and 70% nitrogen (n = 5 per group). Rats breathed spontaneously, and anesthetic and oxygen concentrations were measured. Spatial learning was assessed daily for 21 days on a 12-arm radial maze (RAM) beginning 48 h after anesthesia. In a post hoc experiment to examine locomotion, swim speed was assessed in a separate group of identically treated rats (n = 3 per group) for 4 days beginning 48 h after anesthesia. Results Aged rats were slower to complete the maze, made fewer correct choices before first error, and made more errors at baseline than young rats (P < 0.05). Anesthesia worsened maze performance in both age groups, as evidenced by increased time to complete the maze and a decreased number of correct choices before first error (P < 0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences in total number of errors. Interestingly, there were no age-by-anesthesia interactions. Aged rats swam slower than adult rats (P < 0.001), but there were no differences between the control and anesthesia groups. Conclusions Isoflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia is associated with a persistent deficit in RAM performance that is not explained by impaired locomotion. This impairment occurs in adult and aged rats, indicating that it is not an age-specific phenomenon. Thus, RAM performance is altered after general anesthesia for longer than predicted by the pharmacology of the drugs used, which, by inference, suggests a long-term deficit in learning/memory.

scholarly journals Antimania-Like Effect of Panax ginseng Regulating the Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in REM-Sleep Deprivation Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kang Hyun Leem ◽  
Sang A. Kim ◽  
Hae Jeong Park
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Glutamatergic Neurotransmission ◽  
Glutamatergic Synapse ◽  
Rem Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Gene Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Gene Enrichment

Previous studies have shown the therapeutic properties of ginseng and ginsenosides on hyperactive and impulsive behaviors in several psychiatric diseases. Herein, we investigated the effect of Panax ginseng Meyer (PG) on hyperactive/impulsive behaviors in a manic-like animal model, sleep deprivation (SD) rats. Male rats were sleep-deprived for 48 h, and PG (200 mg/kg) was administered for 4 days, from 2 days prior to the start of SD to the end date of SD. The elevated plus maze (EPM) test showed that PG alleviated the increased frequency of entries into and spent time within open arms by SD. In order to investigate the molecular mechanism on this effect of PG, we assessed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the prefrontal cortex of PG-treated SD rats using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and performed gene-enrichment analysis for DEGs. The gene-enrichment analysis showed that PG most prominently affected the glutamatergic synapse pathway. Among the glutamatergic synapse pathway genes, particularly, PG enhanced the expressions of glutamate transporter Slc1a3 and Slc1a2 reduced in SD rats. Moreover, we found that PG could inhibit the SD-induced phosphorylation of the NR2A subunit of the NMDA receptor. These results suggested that PG might have a therapeutic effect against the manic-like behaviors, regulating the glutamatergic neurotransmission.

scholarly journals 0250 Early-Life REM Sleep Deprivation Alters Learning and Social Behavior in Young Adult Rats

SLEEP ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. A97-A97
Author(s):  
S L Morris ◽  
A Blackwell ◽  
A Knowles ◽  
M E Tillman ◽  
J Shaffery
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Rem Sleep Deprivation

scholarly journals Akut REM Uyku Yoksunluğu Oluşturulan Sıçanlarda Uzun dönem Ilımlı Egzersizin Depresif/Anksiyete Benzeri Davranış Üzerine Etkisi

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 1640
Author(s):  
Leyla Şahin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Rem Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Deprivation Group ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Internal And External Factors

Sleep is a physiological process that influenced by internal and external factors and brain is as active as waking in certain periods. REM sleep is demonstrated in the literature that provides psychological relaxation due to more frequent occurrence of psychiatric disorders in sleep deprivation and causes depression / anxiety-like situations. There are studies in the literature indicate that physical exercise may be useful on depressive / anxiety. However, the duration and physical severity of the physical exercise and sleep deprivation affects the results. For this reason, we investigated the effect of long-term exercise on depression / anxiety behavior on acute REM sleep deprived rats. Rats were divided into control (C), exercise (E), REM sleep deprivation (SD) and exercise + REM sleep deprivation (E + SD) (n = 7). For developing REM sleep deprivation, rats were kept in a sleep deprivation tank during a 48-hour period. Exercise was performed with treadmill for 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes for 4 weeks. Depressive / anxiety behaviors were assessed with open field and elevated plus maze tests. It has been shown that the sleep deprivation group takes less distance in the open field test. It was observed that in the elevated plus maze test, the rats in the sleep deprivation group spent less time on the open-arm compared to the other groups, and the number of entries and exits in this group also decreased. Behavioral test findings show that depressive / anxiety-like effects of sleep deprivation are reduced by moderate treadmill exercise.

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