Molecular Analysis of Candida species with Emphasis on Predisposing Factors in Cutaneous Candidiasis Patients

Background and Objectives: Cutaneous candidiasis is a multipicture fungal infection caused by members of the genus Candida which is considered as a public health problem all over the world with urgency of effective treatment and control. This study was performed to analyze the clinical epidemiology and molecular aspects of cutaneous candidiasis in Tehran-Iran in relation to antifungal susceptibility and virulence factors of etiologic Candida species. Materials and Methods: Candida species were isolated from skin (27.3%) and nail scrapings (72.7%) of suspected patients and identified by ITS sequencing. Phylogeny of the isolates was evaluated using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and antifungal susceptibility and virulence factors of the isolates were determined in relation to clinical presentation. Results: Candida albicans was the most prevalent species (39.8%), followed by C. parapsilosis (32.9%), C. orthopsilosis (10.4%), C. tropicalis (7.9%), C. glabrata and C. guilliermondii, each (4.5%). Molecular typing of 35 C. albicans isolates by MLST revealed 28 novel sequence types with 11 singletons with 80.0% new diploid sequence types (DSTs). Majority of the isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B (91.5%), followed by posaconazole (90.3%), fluconazole (84.3%), itraconazole (74.1%), caspofungin (53.6%), and voriconazole (26.8%). Biofilm formation, yeast-to-hyphae transformation and phospho- lipase activity were reported species-dependent. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated clinical epidemiology of various Candida species from cutaneous candidiasis dis- tributed in new molecular types with increasing importance of drug resistant of non-albicans Candida species. Our results showed that drug susceptibility and genetic variability of Candida species may be attributed to their clinical features and source of isolation.

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The resistance to fluconazole in patients with esophageal candidiasis

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia ◽

10.1590/s0004-28032009000100011 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 32-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ana Botler Wilheim ◽

Demócrito de Barros Miranda-Filho ◽

Rodrigo Albuquerque Nogueira ◽

Rossana Sette de Melo Rêgo ◽

Kedma de Magalhães Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Species ◽

Predisposing Factors ◽

University Hospital ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Digestive Endoscopy ◽

Esophageal Candidiasis ◽

Endoscopic Findings ◽

Endoscopy Unit ◽

Therapeutic Choice ◽

Hiv Negative

CONTEXT: Esophageal candidiasis is often observed in patients with risk factors for its development and fluconazole is the therapeutic choice for the treatment of this disease. OBJECTIVES: To determine its frequency, by performing upper digestive endoscopy; to determine Candida species involved in its pathogenesis and verify their distribution according with the predisposing factors and to determine susceptibility to fluconazole in the samples. METHODS: From March 2006 to April 2007, all patients submitted to esophagogastroduodenoscopy at the Digestive Endoscopy Unit in the Oswaldo Cruz University Hospital, Recife, PE, Brazil, were eligible for the study. Samples were collected from patients who presented lesions consistent with esophageal candidiasis in order to identify Candida species and verify their susceptibility to fluconazole. The predisposing factors for the occurrence of esophageal candidiasis were described. RESULTS: Of 2,672 patients referred to upper endoscopy at the Digestive Endoscopy Unit, 40 (1.5%) had endoscopic findings compatible with esophageal candidiasis. The average age was 49.1 years. Twenty one patients (52.5%) were less than 50 years old, of which 82.6% were infected with HIV. Most of them (52.5%) were males and 65.0% were inpatients. Diseases were identified in 90% of the patients and 21 (52.5%) were HIV positive. Concerning endoscopic findings, severe forms of esophagitis were found in 50% of the patients with CD4 count <200. Non-albicans Candida species were isolated in 22.7% of HIV positive and in 45% HIV negative patients. A total of 6 (14.28%) samples were resistant to fluconazole, while 2 (4.76%) samples had dose depending susceptibility to this drug. CONCLUSIONS: Esophageal candidiasis prevalence was low, although within the results described by other authors. Male and inpatients were the most affected. The species isolated varied according to the characteristics of each group studied. Both, resistance and dose-depending susceptibility to fluconazole were considered high.

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Epidemiological study of Candida species in cutaneous candidiasis based on PCR using a primer mix specific for the DNA topoisomerase II gene

Journal of Dermatological Science ◽

10.1016/j.jdermsci.2004.09.009 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 21-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Atsushi Kamiya ◽

Akihiko Kikuchi ◽

Yasushi Tomita ◽

Toshio Kanbe

Keyword(s):

Epidemiological Study ◽

Candida Species ◽

Topoisomerase Ii ◽

Dna Topoisomerase Ii ◽

Dna Topoisomerase ◽

Cutaneous Candidiasis

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Isolation, characterization, and molecular identification of Candida species from urinary tract infections

Current Medical Mycology ◽

10.18502/cmm.5.2.1159 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Amin Gharanfoli ◽

Elaheh Mahmoudi ◽

Roya Torabizadeh ◽

Farzad Katiraii ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Candida Species ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Glucose Absorption ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Predisposing Factors ◽

Predisposing Factor ◽

Tract Infections

Short communication Background and Purpose: Candida species are reportedly the most common human fungal pathogens. The incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Candida pathogens has increased in recent decades. However, such infections rarely occur in the absence of any predisposing factors. Regarding this, the aim of the present study was to identify the Candida species causing UTIs and determine the predisposing factors for candiduria. Materials and Methods: The current study was conducted on 1,450 urine samples obtained from patients suspected of UTI. Out of this number, 19 cases were candidiasis, and 2 cases were mixed infections caused by bacteria and fungi. Candida species were diagnosed differentially using the germ tube test, colony staining on CHROMagar medium, intracellular beta-glucosidase enzyme activity, and glucose absorption pattern. Then, the colonies with the same morphology were confirmed by the DNA sequencing of internal transcribed spacer regions. Results: According to the results, 38%, 28.6%, 14.3%, and 9.5% of the isolates were identified as C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, and C. kefir/C. krusei, respectively. The presence of one or more predisposing factors was proved in all patients in whom diabetes was the most prevalent predisposing factor (21.1%). Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, C. albicans species was the most prevalent fungal species. In addition, urinary fungal infections were less prevalent than bacterial urinary infections.

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Candidaemia with uncommon Candida species: predisposing factors, outcome, antifungal susceptibility, and implications for management

Clinical Microbiology and Infection ◽

10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02821.x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 662-669 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

S.C.A. Chen ◽

D. Marriott ◽

E.G. Playford ◽

Q. Nguyen ◽

D. Ellis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Species ◽

Antifungal Susceptibility ◽

Predisposing Factors

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Clinical Analysis of Candida Species Keratitis: Predisposing Factors, Clinical Characteristics, and Treatment Outcomes

Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society ◽

10.3341/jkos.2020.61.9.1023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 61 (9) ◽

pp. 1023-1034

Author(s):

Chan Ho Cho ◽

Won Mo Gu ◽

Sang-Bumm Lee

Keyword(s):

Treatment Outcomes ◽

Candida Species ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Clinical Analysis ◽

Predisposing Factors

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Investigation of the interaction of keratinocytes and Candida species

Access Microbiology ◽

10.1099/acmi.cc2021.po0174 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Novák Ádám ◽

Zajta Erik ◽

Csikós Máté ◽

Vágvölgyi Csaba ◽

Gácser Attila

Keyword(s):

Candida Species ◽

Human Keratinocytes ◽

Host Cells ◽

Common Cause ◽

Skin Keratinocytes ◽

Low Degree ◽

Keratinocyte Cell ◽

Cutaneous Candidiasis ◽

Immunological Protection ◽

Degree Of Association

Our skin provides immunological protection against several pathogens. Skin epithelial cells respond to microbial stimuli in various ways, such as through the production of antimicrobial peptides or secretion of cytokines, although phagocytosis of potentially evading microbes was also reported. Relatively little is known about how skin keratinocytes differentiate between the presence of pathogenic and commensal fungi. In this project, we aimed to investigate how human keratinocytes interact with different Candida species, as common colonizers of the skin. While C. albicans is a common cause of cutaneous candidiasis, C. parapsilosisis rarely associated with this disease.For the experimentshuman skin keratinocyte cell lines (HaCaT, HPV-KER)were applied andchallengedwith C. albicans (SC5314 and WO1 strains) and C. parapsilosis (GA1 and CLIB214 strains)strains.We aimedto determine the extent to which C. albicans and C. parapsilosis damage human keratinocytes, their attachment to host cells, the keratinocytes’ ability to internalize these fungi and to examinecytokine production in response to stimuli. Our results suggest that C. albicans causes significantly more damage to human keratinocytes than C. parapsilosis and the HPV-KER cell line was more susceptibleto the infection. In both HaCaT and HPV-KER cells, the production of IL-6, IL-8, and CCL5 increased primarilyafter C. albicans infection. Based on the adhesion studies, there was a low degree of association in case of C. parapsilosis GA1 and CLIB214 compared to C. albicans SC5314 and WO1.

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