Úmyselné skresľovanie odpovedí pri osobnostných dotazníkoch – možnosti využitia sledovania pohybov očí

TESTFÓRUM ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 52-63
Author(s):  
PhDr. Martin Jakubek, PhD. ◽  
Mgr. Monika Krafčíková

Prostredníctvom technológie eye-trackingu sme pri využití vnútrosubjektového dizajnu u 50 pokusných osôb zaznamenávali pohyby očí pri vypĺňaní päťfaktorového osobnostného inventára NEO-FFI v podmienke úprimného vs "fake good" vypĺňania. Výsledky indikujú, že ľudia sú schopní skresľovať odpovede v osobnostnom dotazníku. Participanti inštruovaní skresľovať odpovede za účelom vytvorenia portrétu najvhodnejšieho uchádzača o pracovné miesto po prečítaní otázky častejšie zamerali vizuálnu pozornosť priamo na extrémne typy odpovedí („platí to pre mňa úplne“, „neplatí to pre mňa vôbec“), preukazovali nižší celkový reakčný čas a celkový počet fixácií potrebných na odpovedanie na položky. V kontraste s uvedeným bolo úprimné odpovedanie charakterizované vizuálnou pozornosťou, ktorá po prečítaní otázky častejšie smerovala na stredné možnosti odpovedí („platí to pre mňa prevažne“, ani platí ani neplatí“, „platí to pre mňa len málo“) než na extrémne, celkový čas potrebný na odpovedanie bol dlhší a počet fixácií bol vyšší ako pri skresľovaní. Tieto výsledky sú v zhode s teóriami, ktoré predpokladajú čisto sémantickú interpretáciu položiek osobnostných dotazníkov pri falošnom správaní uchádzačov o zamestnanie. Metóda sledovania pohybov očí pomocou eye‐trackingu sa tak v tomto kontexte javí ako pomerne nádejná.We conducted a laboratory experiment in an experimental design within-participants with a research sample of 50 persons. Eye-tracking technology is used to collect data for detection of eye behavior while responding to a NEO – FFI in „fake good“ and honest condition. Results indicate that people are capable of faking personality test. Participants when instructed to fake good on personality items, for the purpose of making impression as the most suitable job applicant, more often engaged eye behavior characterized by direct fixation to extreme response option after having read the item, also lower response times and less eye fixiations in general. In contrast the pattern of results for answering honestly is characterized by direct fixation of visual attention on the middle response categories, slower response times and more fixations in general. Confirming previous research, our eye-tracking data show more direct evidence for a semantic item interpretation characterization of the response process when faking. We consider eye-tracking technology as valuable and beneficial method in detecting intentional response distortion of personality tests in personal selection process.

2019 ◽  
pp. 588-609
Author(s):  
Alina Nazareth ◽  
Rosalie Odean ◽  
Shannon M. Pruden

This chapter highlights the benefits of eye-tracking technology in spatial thinking research, specifically in the study of complex cognitive processes used to solve spatial tasks including cognitive strategy selection, cognitive strategy flexibility and spatial language processing. The consistent sex differences found in spatial thinking research (i.e., mental rotation), with males outperforming females, is concerning given the link between spatial ability and success in the STEM fields. Traditional methods like self-reports, checklists and response times methods may not be sufficient to study complex cognitive processes. Advances in eye-tracking technology make it possible to efficiently record and analyze voluminous eye-gaze data as an indirect measure of underlying cognitive processes involved in solving spatial tasks. A better understanding of the cognitive processes underlying spatial thinking will facilitate the design of effective training and educational pedagogy that encourages spatial thinking across both males and females.


Author(s):  
Alina Nazareth ◽  
Rosalie Odean ◽  
Shannon M. Pruden

This chapter highlights the benefits of eye-tracking technology in spatial thinking research, specifically in the study of complex cognitive processes used to solve spatial tasks including cognitive strategy selection, cognitive strategy flexibility and spatial language processing. The consistent sex differences found in spatial thinking research (i.e., mental rotation), with males outperforming females, is concerning given the link between spatial ability and success in the STEM fields. Traditional methods like self-reports, checklists and response times methods may not be sufficient to study complex cognitive processes. Advances in eye-tracking technology make it possible to efficiently record and analyze voluminous eye-gaze data as an indirect measure of underlying cognitive processes involved in solving spatial tasks. A better understanding of the cognitive processes underlying spatial thinking will facilitate the design of effective training and educational pedagogy that encourages spatial thinking across both males and females.


2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1395
Author(s):  
Jianping XU ◽  
Jiyue CHEN ◽  
Wei ZHANG ◽  
Wenya LI ◽  
Yu SHENG

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laszlo Szpisjak ◽  
Gabor Szaraz ◽  
Andras Salamon ◽  
Viola L. Nemeth ◽  
Noemi Szepfalusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 183449092110004
Author(s):  
Jing Yu ◽  
Xue-Rui Peng ◽  
Ming Yan

People employ automatic inferential processing when confronting pragmatically implied claims in advertising. However, whether comprehension and memorization of pragmatic implications differ between young and older adults is unclear. In the present study, we used eye-tracking technology to investigate online cognitive processes during reading of misleading advertisements. We found an interaction between age and advertising content, manifested as our older participants generated higher misleading rates in health-related than in health-irrelevant products, whereas this content-bias did not appear in their younger counterparts. Eye movement data further showed that the older adults spent more time processing critical claims for the health-related products than for the health-irrelevant products. Moreover, the correlations between fixation duration on pragmatic implications and misleading rates showed opposite trends in the two groups. The eye-tracking evidence novelly suggests that young and older adults may adopt different information processing strategies to comprehend pragmatic implications in advertising: More reading possibly enhances young adults’ gist memory whereas it facilitates older adults’ verbatim memory instead.


2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 033107
Author(s):  
F. R. Iaconis ◽  
A. A. Jiménez Gandica ◽  
J. A. Del Punta ◽  
C. A. Delrieux ◽  
G. Gasaneo

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