Thinking Transcendence: Heidegger’s Ontological Concept of Freedom

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 247-260
Author(s):  
Stefan Schmidt ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Being And Time ◽  
Philosophical Theology ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
Fundamental Ontology ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Ontological Concept ◽  
Positive Concept

According to Hans Ruin, there are two ways to approach the examination of freedom in Heidegger’s writings: One can use the notion of freedom as a heuristic concept to interpret the entirety of Heidegger’s work as a philosophy of freedom, which was famously done by Günter Figal, or one can reconstruct Heidegger’s actual use of the notion of freedom. In my paper I’ll focus on the second approach and show that although “freedom” or, rather, “being-free” can already be found in Being and Time, his more elaborate concept of freedom as transcendence is developed in the years 1928-1930. These years are part of a time period in which Heidegger tried to develop his own positive concept of metaphysics. The main texts which show this development are the lecture course The Metaphysical Foundations of Logic and the essay On the Essence of Ground. Based on Aristotle’s twofold metaphysics—consisting of ontology and philosophical theology—Heidegger sketches his own concept of metaphysics. The fundamental ontology which plays the role of ontology is complemented by his cosmological interpretation of theology: metontology. Together, they form Heidegger’s novel notion of metaphysics: the metaphysics of Dasein. Whereas fundamental ontology is concerned with the question of Being, the main subject of metontology is world as beings as a whole. Heidegger develops his concept of transcendence, i.e., metontological freedom, which describes the connection between freedom and world, on the basis of the terms world-projection (Weltentwurf), world-view (Weltanschauung), and world-formation (Weltbildung), each describing an aspect of transcendence.

The Problem of Science in Heidegger’s Thought

1998 ◽  
pp. 348-355
Author(s):  
Daniel Videla
Keyword(s):  
Being And Time ◽  
Fundamental Ontology ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
To Come

In this paper I deal with the status of science in Heidegger's thought. Particularly, I pose to Heidegger the question whether science can constitute a problem for philosophy, once one has cast doubt on philosophy's rank as first science whose prerogative is to establish the truth-criteria of the particular sciences. To express it with the convenience cliches always afford, this is the question of knowledge in the postmodern epoch. The paper traces the transition from the early "fundamental ontology" to the late notion of a thinking that is to come at the end of philosophy. It will include some reflections on the role of an education for science at the end of modernity. The texts analyzed include Being and Time, "What calls for thinking," and "The end of philosophy and the task of thinking."

ЗНАЧЕННЯ ЕМОЦІЙНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ ОСОБИСТОСТІ У ДИСКУРСІ ЖИТТЄТВОРЕННЯ

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-207
Author(s):  
Євген Карпенко
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Emotional Competence ◽  
World View ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Personal Choice ◽  
Communicative Skills ◽  
Significant Life ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Correct Implementation

У статті проаналізовано місце феномену емоційної компетентності в становленні дискурсу життєтворення особистості. Відзначено, що її засадничими ознаками є відкритість і діалогічність, що фасилітують процеси життєтворчості в інтра- та інтерпсихічному просторі та сприяють здобуттю певних експірієнтальних «знань» і формуванню відповідних комунікативних «умінь». Отже, емоційна компетентність виконує функцію орієнтації в знаково-символічній реальності внутрішнього та зовнішнього середовища і, відповідно, бере участь у прийнятті рішень стосовно них. Це сприяє реалізації функції особистісного вибору у значущих обставинах життя. Вважається, що цей вибір повинен ґрунтуватися на домінуючій екзистенційній ідентичності та релевантно реалізовуватися на всіх її рівнях: базовому, характерологічному, ситуативному. В цьому контексті емоційна компетентність виступає в якості з’єднувальної ланки між ідентичністю та її зовнішньою поведінковою маніфестацією, в якій вона, власне, й проявляється. Інтегруючи первинні емоції, емоційна компетентність сприяє формуванню системи цінностей, мотивів і світоглядних орієнтацій особистості, а також сприяє їх коректному втіленню в практиці міжособистісного спілкування і, відповідно, конструювання дискурсу власного життя. У цьому полягає ключова роль емоційної компетентності в процесі життєтворення особистості. The article analyzes the role of emotional competence in establishing the discourse of personal life creation. It has been stated that its basic features are openness and readiness to dialog that facilitate life creation processes in the intra- and interpsychic space and promote acquirement of certain experiential "knowledge" as well as formation of relevant communicative "skills". So, emotional competence has a function of orienting in sign and symbol reality of the internal and external environment and, therefore, takes part in decision-making in respect thereof. This enables realization of the function of personal choice in significant life circumstances.  This choice is considered to be based on dominant existential identity and realized in the relevant manner at all its levels: basic, characterological, situational. In this sense emotional competence forms a link between identity and its outer behavioral manifestation.  While integrating primary emotions emotional competence facilitates formation of a system of values, motives and world view of personality as well as their correct implementation in the course of interpersonal communication and personal life discourse construction. This embodies the key role of emotional competence in the process of life creation of personality.

The Greatest Possible Being

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Speaks
Keyword(s):  
Philosophical Theology ◽  
Divine Attributes ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Concept Of God ◽  
Attributes Of God

Philosophical theology is the attempt to use reason to determine the attributes of God. An ancient tradition, which is perhaps more influential now than ever, tries to derive the attributes of God from the principle that God is the greatest possible being. This book argues that that constructive project is a failure. It also argues that the principle that God is the greatest possible being is unsuited to play two other theoretical roles. The first of these is the role of setting the limits of the concept of God, particularly in the context of debates over the existence of God. The second is the role of explaining the meaning of ‘God.’ This leaves us with three unanswered questions. If the principle that God is the greatest possible being can’t deliver results about the divine attributes, define the concept of God, or give the meaning of the name ‘God,’ what can? The last chapter makes some initial steps toward answering these questions.

Approaches to reforming contemporary religious discourse†

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-188
Author(s):  
Ahmad Kamal Abou Al-Majd
Keyword(s):  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
The Past ◽  
Original Frame ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Working Out

This article attempts to attenuate the exaggerated polarization in contemporary religious discourse in Egyptian society emanating from two flawed positions: a wrong conception of ‘applying Shari'a‘; and a wrong intention whereby deliberate cultural exclusion is practised to eradicate any religious orientation. The main subject of this article are manifestations of deviation of this discourse from the orientation of the original frame of reference of religion: (1) The call for Islam through scaring and intimidation; (2) the tendency to be tough on people, thus increasing obligatory duties and decreasing what is permissible; (3) inattention to the objectives of Shari'a and focusing on its literal aspect; (4) inattention to priorities; (5) belittling the role of the mind in Islamic conceptualization; (6) immersion in the past; and (7) Muslims' relationship with others. Nevertheless, rationalizing ‘religious discourse’ and working out a kind of consensus seems to be of utmost importance.

Possible Role of High-Dose Barbiturates and Early Administration of Parenteral Ketogenic Diet for Reducing Development of Chronic Epilepsy in Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimpei Baba ◽  
Tohru Okanishi ◽  
Koichi Ohsugi ◽  
Rika Suzumura ◽  
Keiko Niimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Epilepsy Syndrome ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Early Administration ◽  
Chronic Epilepsy ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Irreversible Brain Damage ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

AbstractWe describe the efficacy of high-dose barbiturates and early administration of a parenteral ketogenic diet (KD) as initial treatments for acute status epilepticus (SE) in an 8-year-old girl with febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES). The patient was admitted to our hospital with refractory focal SE. Abundant epileptic discharges over the left frontal region were observed on electroencephalogram (EEG). Treatment with continuous infusion of thiamylal for 4 hours, increased incrementally to 40 mg/kg/h, successfully ended the clinical SE, and induced a burst-suppression coma. The infusion rate was then gradually decreased to 4 mg/kg/h over the next 12 hours. Parenteral KD was administered from days 6 to 21 of illness. Continuous infusion of thiamylal was switched to midazolam on day 10 without causing seizures or EEG exacerbations. The patient has remained seizure free in the 15 months since hospital discharge. The effectiveness of KD for the treatment of FIRES has attracted attention amongst clinicians, but KD treatment may need to last for 2 to 4 days before it can stop SE, a time period that could cause irreversible brain damage. Considering the severity of SE in our patient and the dose of barbiturates needed to treat it, we consider this case to have had a good clinical outcome. The results suggest that rapid termination of seizure using high-dose barbiturates in conjunction with early administration of parenteral KD could reduce the development of chronic epilepsy in patients with FIRES.

scholarly journals Identification and developmental regulation of a neuron-specific subunit of cytoplasmic dynein.

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
K K Pfister ◽  
M W Salata ◽  
J F Dillman ◽  
E Torre ◽  
R J Lye
Keyword(s):  
Axonal Transport ◽  
Developmental Regulation ◽  
Cytoplasmic Dynein ◽  
Retrograde Axonal Transport ◽  
Protein Isoforms ◽  
Cultured Neurons ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Intermediate Chains

Cytoplasmic dynein is the microtubule minus-end-directed motor for the retrograde axonal transport of membranous organelles. Because of its similarity to the intermediate chains of flagellar dynein, the 74-kDa intermediate chain (IC74) subunit of dynein is thought to be involved in binding dynein to its membranous organelle cargo. Previously, we identified six isoforms of the IC74 cytoplasmic dynein subunit in the brain. We further demonstrated that cultured glia and neurons expressed different dynein IC74 isoforms and phospho-isoforms. Two isoforms were observed when dynein from glia was analyzed. When dynein from cultured neurons was analyzed, six IC74 isoforms were observed, although the relative amounts of the dynein isoforms from cultured neurons differed from those found in dynein from brain. To better understand the role of the neuronal IC74 isoforms and identify neuron-specific IC74 dynein subunits, the expression of the IC74 protein isoforms and mRNAs of various tissues were compared. As a result of this comparison, the identity of each of the isoform spots observed on two-dimensional gels was correlated with the products of each of the IC74 mRNAs. We also found that between the fifteenth day of gestation (E15) and the fifth day after birth (P5), the relative expression of the IC74 protein isoforms changes, demonstrating that the expression of IC74 isoforms is developmentally regulated in brain. During this time period, there is relatively little change in the abundance of the various IC74 mRNAs. The E15 to P5 time period is one of rapid process extension and initial pattern formation in the rat brain. This result indicates that the changes in neuronal IC74 isoforms coincide with neuronal differentiation, in particular the extension of processes. This suggests a role for the neuronal IC74 isoforms in the establishment or regulation of retrograde axonal transport.

Exodus

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Hart ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Deep Space ◽  
Traditional Foods ◽  
Religious Ceremony ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Archeological Evidence ◽  
Historical Basis ◽  
The Right

What makes a "religious" holiday? Does the combination of ritual, culture, and family custom all merge together to create "religion?" Does it even matter if the historical basis for religious stories are false? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, the spaceship computer AI wakes up a family in deep space hibernation to give them time to prepare for, and celebrate, Passover. There are many situations unique to being in space that must be overcome; determining the right time period when taking into consideration time dilation, not to mention missing ingredients for traditional foods. Also, they are short two people of the requisite ten and ask the computer AI to "convert" and serve the role of two additional Jewish people. Awkwardly, the computer reminds them that some of their traditional stories are not supported by archeological evidence. This all begs important questions about the complicated weaving of history, faith, culture, and family custom in religious ceremony.

Bread in the Festive and Ceremonial Food of Russians of the Arkhangelsk North in the Early 20th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
Александра Викторовна Фролова
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Significant Phenomenon ◽  
Large Round ◽  
Northern Russia ◽  
Peasant Family

В данной статье на основе архивных, публицистических и полевых материалов, собранных автором в деревнях Архангельского Севера в 1992-2011 гг., рассматриваются традиции употребления хлеба в праздничной и обрядовой пище севернорусского населения. Севернорусская, как и вся русская, традиционная кухня отражает преимущественно земледельческий характер народного хозяйства. Ведущее место в ней занимали хлебные, мучные и крупяные блюда в многочисленных вариантах. В статье рассмотрена роль хлеба и в центральном семейном торжестве крестьянина - свадебном обряде. Свадебные застолья - сложное, значительное и интересное явление народной культуры, вобравшее в себя разные стороны крестьянского мировоззрения и быта. Хлеб и другие изделия из муки располагались на столах особым образом и становились атрибутами этого действия. Так, ковриги хлеба, символизирующие жениха и невесту, способствовали их соединению и сами имитировали его. С хлебом связаны и обрядовые кормления скота на праздники, в частности, егорьевская обрядность. Как показало исследование, подобные традиции достаточно устойчивы и обладают локальной спецификой. This article considers the traditions of bread consumption in the festive and ritual food of the northern Russian population based on archival, journalistic and field materials collected by the author in villages of the Archangel North in 1992-2011. Like all Russian traditional cuisine, that of northern Russia reflects the character of the national economy, based on grain. The leading place in it was occupied by bread, flour and cereal dishes with many variations. The article considers the role of bread in the main celebration of the peasant family - the wedding rite. The wedding gathering is a complex, significant phenomenon of folk culture, which has reflected different sides of peasant life and its world view. Bread and other flour products were placed on tables in a special way and became attributes of this occasion. Thus the kovrigi (large round loaves) symbolized the groom and bride and contributed to their connection by offering a visual image of it. Bread is also used in the ritual feeding of livestock on holidays and in the Yegorievskaya rite. The study indicates that such traditions are quite stable and manifest local particularities.

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