EFIKASI DIRI AKADEMIK DALAM MENGHADAPI TUNTUTAN PERKULIAHAN PADA MAHASISWA

ABSTRACTThe challenges of students in dealing with the teaching and learning process are quite diverse, so there are also various ways of handling these students to deal with them. How to handle challenges in the teaching and learning process requires a positive concept of academic self-efficacy. This research is qualitative research with data collection tools using observation and interviews. Observation and interview guides are made according to aspects of the target behavior, namely level, breadth, and strength. Based on the results of the study, it shows that the subject has high self-efficacy in the field of science that is currently being undertaken. This can be seen in the seriousness of the subject towards the lecture materials and the efforts of the subject in dealing with difficulties in lecture assignments. Subjects have a high level of self-confidence in carrying out assignments in lectures. For the subject, although there are many difficulties in doing these tasks, the subject has high confidence to always be able to do the given task. Keywords: Academic self-efficacy, Students ABSTRAKTantangan mahasiswa dalam menghadapi proses belajar mengajar cukup beragam sehingga beragam pula cara penanganan mahasiswa tersebut untuk menghadapinya. Cara penanganan tantangan dalam proses belajar mengajar membutuhkan konsep efikasi diri akademik yang positif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan alat pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan wawancara. Panduan observasi dan wawancara dibuat sesuai dengan aspek dari target perilaku yaitu level, keluasan dan kekuatan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa subjek memiliki efikasi diri yang tinggi terhadap bidang ilmu yang dijalani saat ini. Hal tersebut nampak pada keseriusan subjek terhadap materi-materi kuliah dan upaya-upaya subjek dalam menghadapi kesulitan pada tugas-tugas kuliah. Subjek memiliki tingkat keyakinan diri yang tinggi pada pengerjaan tugas di perkuliahan. Bagi subjek walau terdapat banyak kesulitan dalam mengerjakan tugas-tugas tersebut, namun subjek memiliki keyakinan yang tinggi untuk selalu mampu mengerjakan tugas yang diberikan. Kata kunci: Efikasi diri akademik, Mahasiswa

Negative or Negated, Thus True? An Investigation of Concept Valence and Semantic Negation as Drivers of Framing Effects in Judgments of Truth

The negativity bias in judgments of truth holds that content-wise identical statements are more likely to be judged as true when presented in a negative compared to positive concept frame. This article investigates the mechanisms underlying this concept frame effect by differentiating concept valence (something good versus bad) and semantic negation (grammatical operator) throughout five studies. We found some evidence that concept valence and semantic negation work in tandem to produce the concept frame, yet negation seems to be the more stable driver. Moreover, we found that negation exerts its impact on perceived truth by increasing the realm of possible states in which a specific statement can be true. Together, the present findings extend knowledge of the negativity bias in truth judgments by providing a more fine-grained picture of “negativity” and an explanation for why negation might be especially effective in increasing truth judgments.

Botho as an essential ingredient of African psychology: an insider perspective

The African notion of botho appears to have attracted a lot of attention and research efforts in various fields of study. It is presented as a positive concept that is associated with the good side of human beings. In this article, we have adopted an Afrocentric position to analyse the philosophical construct of ‘botho’ as lived and practised in communities that we grew up in. We acknowledge our historical and cultural locatedness in these communities and recognise that this positionality has influenced the way we have engaged with our subject matter. We have interrogated the concept of botho and have identified what we consider as its four key elements. These are African spirituality, botho as personhood, botho and interconnectedness, and botho and communalism. Through a critical discussion of these key elements, we have tried to demonstrate that botho is essentially a valid human experience that forms the bedrock of African psychology. We conclude by suggesting that botho and other themes that constitute the field of African psychology need to be acknowledged, embraced, and mobilised as foundational building blocks in the production of knowledge that is centred on and in Africa.

Characteristics of Resilience Among Disaster Rescue Workers: A Systematic Review

Disasters can cause long-lasting damage to survivors and rescue workers. Some rescue workers suffer negative physical and psychological consequences, while others do not. Thus, it is of value to fully understand the characteristics of rescuers who have not been affected by rescue activities. Resilience refers to the ability or capacity to cope with adversity. The aim of this review is to explore and identify the characteristics of resilience among rescue workers. A systematic literature search was conducted of seven electronic databases from inception to May 2019, using keywords and medical subject heading terms related to the resilience of rescuers. Hand searches and searches of leading authors were also performed. A total of 31 articles were eligible for review. Six domains were identified to characterize the resilience of rescuers namely, demographic and physical characteristics, personality traits, coping strategies, perceived resources, being equipped with special skills for disaster rescue, and having less adverse consequences from exposure to disaster. Researchers and disaster managers can take note of these characteristics to comprehensively understand the ‘positive concept’ of resilience. This enhanced understanding of ‘positive resilience’ can in turn be used to develop a framework to assess and establish interventions, and consequently to improve the psychological wellbeing of rescuers after disaster rescue efforts.

Blok, Vincent: Heidegger’s concept of philosophical method: innovating philosophy in the age of global warming

This review discusses Vincent Blok’s book Heidegger’s Concept of Philosophical Method. Blok’s daring and important argument is that Heidegger has been misunderstood by contemporary philosophers who dismiss his thinking as correlationism; but that at the same time there lies something at the core of Heidegger’s thinking that prevents it from unleashing its true innovative potential; namely a logic of unity. To move beyond this logic of unity, Blok aims to rediscover and redefine the potential of Heidegger’s philosophical method by characterising it along the lines of interrogative intention and creativity of world-interest. This move allows Blok to think about Earth in the age of global warming in a way that was not possible in Heidegger’s work, providing a positive concept of the Earth’s materiality as uncorrelated being that guides the way to a future environmental ethics. The review discusses the main contributions of the book, and also three criticisms, which concern the justification of choices for certain perspectives, the unfulfilled promise of moving from philosophical theory to more practically oriented guidance, and unclarities concerning the alternative that Blok puts forward as an answer to his criticism of Heidegger’s method.

Zwischen Selbsttätigkeit und Passivität. Ein Beitrag zur Rolle der Einbildungskraft und des Bildes bei Fichte und Heidegger

This paper outlines a systematic relation between Fichte and Heidegger concerning their interpretations of imagination (Einbildungskraft) and image, drawing on their early and in particular their later writings. In 1929, Heidegger deems it necessary to develop his interpretation of the concept of imagination as referring to the temporality of Dasein in opposition to its interpretation as a subjective faculty in idealism, particularly in Fichte. At the same time, however, an affirmative use of the concept of imagination (Einbildung), in analogy to Fichte, can also be observed in Heidegger’s writings, as, in the 1930s, he uses it to describe the unavailable ‘event’ of Being. Moreover, in spite of his pronounced criticism of the modern understanding of the ‘world as image’, Heidegger is also aware of a positive concept of the image, that he claims for art: understood that way, the image, according to Heidegger, is able to disclose the ‘happening of truth’ (das Geschehen der Wahrheit) in the ‘shape’ (Ge-bild) of art. Conversely, in his early writings Fichte already interprets the imagination as a structure generating time and preceding the I. Yet it is only after 1800 that Fichte’s interpretation shows some analogies to Heidegger’s concept of the image, when he argues for the pictorial character of all apparent reality. Fichte conceptualises this specific character of reality both as a generating principle and as something that both originates from and is related to a concept that is situated behind reality and cannot be visualised.Der Beitrag zeigt mit Blick auf die frühen und insbesondere spateren Schriften Fichtes und Heideggers eine Nahe zwischen beiden Denkern hinsichtlich ihrer Deutungen der Einbildungskraft und des Bildes auf. Zwar meint Heidegger 1929 zunächst, seine auf die Zeitlichkeit des Daseins bezogene Interpretation der Einbildungskraft in einen Gegensatz zu der vermögenstheoretischen Auslegung derselben im Idealismus und insbesondere bei Fichte rücken zu müssen. Doch lässt sich bei ihm zugleich auch ein affirmatives Heranziehen des Einbildungsbegriffes analog zu Fichte beobachten, insofern er ihn in den dreißiger Jahren sogar zur Beschreibung des unverfügbaren ‚Ereignissesʻ des Seins heranzieht. Trotz seiner vehementen Kritik des neuzeitlichen Begreifens der ‚Welt als Bildʻ kennt überdies auch Heidegger einen positiven Bildbegriff, den er für die Kunst einklagt, die im ‚Ge-bildʻ das ‚Geschehen der Wahrheitʻ offenzulegen vermöge. Umgekehrt lässt sich auch schon beim frühen Fichte eine Interpretation der Einbildungskraft nachweisen, die diese als eine Zeit generierende und dem Ich vorgelagerte Struktur herausstellt. Doch erst nach 1800 betont Fichte ähnlich wie Heidegger die bildliche Verfasstheit aller erscheinenden Wirklichkeit, welche er in ihrem Werdecharakter sowie in ihrer Verwiesenheit auf und Abkünftigkeit von etwas dahinter noch zu Situierendem und nicht zu Verbildlichendem herauszustellen sucht.

Enhancing Labour Productivity by Introducing Usage of Limited Electrical Gadgets During Working Hours

Well-being is considered a subjective concept because it applies to time and space. Improvements have an effect on the process. As a consequence, possible changes in welfare material continue to change with time and space. It has also been noted that the definition of welfare varies from country to country and from site to site. Second, welfare is a positive concept that, if a minimum standard of living is to be established, it would require certain lowest acceptable circumstances of existence, both biologically and socially. Thus, when this is defined, it is necessary to take care of the components of healthcare in terms of health, food, clothing, housing, medical assistance, insurance and so on. However, as a definition, labor welfare has both positive and negative aspects, it deals with the providing of opportunity that allow the worker and his family to lead a good life, both socially and personally, and on the negative, it provides opportunities for unpleasant consequences and labor problems.

Problem and Structure: Bachelard, Deleuze and Transdisciplinarity

The concept of ‘problem’ has been recently promoted by the official academic institutions and put at the centre of a new field of research, self-styled ‘transdisciplinary studies’, in order to provide a foundation to a resolutely transdisciplinary approach to research and thought in general. The paper notes that the same move (i.e. connecting a problem-centred approach to thought with transdisciplinary method) can be found in Deleuze’s philosophy, which provides us with what the technocratic image of thought advocated by transdisciplinary studies ultimately cannot provide: a positive concept of problems where those are not negative moments but originary and active matrices of thought. It then argues that Deleuze owes this concept to the French epistemological tradition, and more specifically to Bachelard, where it is nothing other than the concept of structure. It ends by explicating what particular version of structuralism Deleuze was thus led to construct in order to account for the role of problems in a radically transdisciplinary account of thought: it is the fact that all structures are multi-structured that grounds the essentially transdisciplinary nature of thought. The fact that we could think differently is precisely what makes us think.

“Um poema um romance tuga” – o desafio do género na obra de Adília Lopes / “A Poem a Romance Tuga” – The Challenge of Genre and Gender in the Work of Adília Lopes

Resumo: Os textos de Adília Lopes colocam um desafio ao leitor que os quiser classificar segundo o género, seja segundo o que alguns chamaram os modos literários (categorias meta-históricas) relacionados com a perspetiva do discurso – lírico? narrativo? – seja na perspetiva da visão do homem – trágico? cómico? ou tragicómico? – seja quanto aos géneros literários (como categoria histórica) – poema? crónica? diário? – ou ainda aos subgéneros: paródia? citação? Ao longo dos textos desta autora vai-se construindo uma personagem autoral e desenhando uma crónica de costumes e vivências do quotidiano citadino, de uma classe média alta lisboeta, sob uma perspetiva em que o género, no sentido de gender é essencial. Em Estar em casa, última obra da autora, publicada em 2018, o modo menor, prosaico, pouco glorioso e paródico como é visto esse quotidiano desenha uma crónica tuga (crónica, diário ou romance?) como parece subentender o verso “Um poema um romance tuga” (LOPES, 2018, p. 20) ao usar a designação pejorativa tuga por português. Esse romance tuga é criado com base nas vozes que habitam a casa e o universo familiar do eu lírico/narradora (memórias), composto não só pelo mundo que a rodeia como pelo universo de leituras que influenciam direta e indiretamente a escrita. É nesse sentido que se analisa a obra mais recente da autora, Estar em casa. A citação de vozes várias e de textos numa perspetiva antropofágica e paródica é associada à defesa de uma imagem do corpo da mulher segundo as novas perspetivas do conceito positivo do corpo gordo.Palavras-chave: Adília Lopes; género; paródia; conceito positivo do corpo gordo; casa/mundo.Abstract: The texts of Adília Lopes pose a challenge to the reader who wants to classify them according to the genre, according to what some have called the literary modes (meta-historical categories) related to the perspective of the discourse – lyric? narrative? – whether from the perspective of man’s vision – tragic? comic? or tragicomic? – as for literary genres (as historical category) – poem? chronic daily? – or to subgenera: parody? quote? Throughout the author’s texts, an authorial character is constructed and a chronicle of customs and experiences of the daily life of a city of Lisbon, from a middle-class, under a perspective in which gender, is essential. In Estar em Casa, the last work of the author, published in 2018, the minor, prosaic, little glorious and parodic mode as seen in this everyday life draws a chronic tuga (chronicle, diary or novel?) As seems to imply the verse “A poem a romance tuga“, when using the pejorative designation tuga, by Portuguese. This tuga novel is created based on the voices that inhabit the home and the familiar universe of the lyrical / story teller (memories), composed not only by the world around it but also by the universe of readings that directly and indirectly influence writing. It is in this sense that the most recent work of the author, Estar em casa, is analyzed. The quote of various voices in an anthropophagic and parodic perspectives is associated with the defense of an image of the woman’s body, according to the new perspectives of the positive concept of the fat body.Keywords: Adília Lopes; genre; gender; parody; positive concept of fat body; home/world.