Characteristics of ecological stoichiometry in broad-leaved and Korean pine mixed forest and its response to latitude gradient in Northeast China

Korean pine broadleaf mixed forest is an important ecosystem for maintaining biodiversity in Northeast China. Korean pine is also an important species for the production of timber and nuts in the mountainous areas of Northeast China. In this study, we compared three types of Korean pine callus and found that embryogenic callus had high amounts of storage substances (protein, sugar and starch). Non-embryonic callus had high levels of polyphenols and polyphenol oxidation, while callus that lost somatic embryogenesis potential had lower levels of storage substances (protein, sugar and starch) and higher contents of peroxidase and catalase. These results indicate that high contents of storage substances (protein, sugar and starch), and low levels of polyphenols and polyphenol oxidase can be used as physiological markers of callus with somatic embryogenic potential. During the development process of Korean pine somatic embryos, fresh weight and dry weight gradually increased, while water content gradually decreased. Soluble protein, starch, soluble sugar and superoxide dismutase also increased during development, while peroxidase and catalase levels reduced over time. These results indicate that somatic embryogenesis involves energy storage, and antioxidant enzymes cooperate to regulate the occurrence and development of embryos. These results provide physiological markers for identification of embryogenic callus with somatic embryogenesis, to evaluate callus suitable for somatic embryogenesis, and provide basis for further research on the molecular mechanisms of somatic embryogenesis.

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Modeling diameter distribution of the broadleaved-Korean pine mixed forest on Changbai Mountains of China

Science in China Series E ◽

10.1007/s11431-006-8119-8 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 49 (S1) ◽

pp. 177-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Shunzhong Wang ◽

Limin Dai ◽

Guohua Liu ◽

Jianqiong Yuan ◽

Hengmin Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mixed Forest ◽

Diameter Distribution ◽

Changbai Mountains ◽

Korean Pine

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Height-diameter relationship for Pinus koraiensis in Mengjiagang Forest Farm of Northeast China using nonlinear regressions and artificial neural network models

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/5/2019-jfs ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 134-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tuan Nguyen Thanh ◽

Tai Dinh Tien ◽

Hai Long Shen

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Artificial Neural Network ◽

Northeast China ◽

Tree Height ◽

Pinus Koraiensis ◽

Accurate Estimation ◽

Korean Pine ◽

Ann Models ◽

Artificial Neural ◽

Forest Farm

Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc.) is one of the highly commercial woody species in Northeast China. In this study, six nonlinear equations and artificial neural network (ANN) models were employed to model and validate height-diameter (H-DBH) relationship in three different stand densities of one Korean pine plantation. Data were collected in 12 plots in a 43-year-old even-aged stand of P. koraiensis in Mengjiagang Forest Farm, China. The data were randomly split into two datasets for model development (9 plots) and for model validation (3 plots). All candidate models showed a good perfomance in explaining H-DBH relationship with error estimation of tree height ranging from 0.61 to 1.52 m. Especially, ANN models could reduce the root mean square error (RMSE) by the highest 40%, compared with Power function for the density level of 600 trees. In general, our results showed that ANN models were superior to other six nonlinear models. The H-DBH relationship appeared to differ between stand density levels, thus it is necessary to establish H-DBH models for specific stand densities to provide more accurate estimation of tree height.

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Spatial variability of soil total nitrogen in a natural broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest

2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection ◽

10.1109/iswrep.2011.5893364 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Jing Zhao ◽

Junhui Zhang

Keyword(s):

Spatial Variability ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

Mixed Forest ◽

Korean Pine ◽

Soil Total Nitrogen

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Microbial community structure and the relationship with soil carbon and nitrogen in an original Korean pine forest of Changbai Mountain, China

BMC Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s12866-019-1584-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Minghui Liu ◽

Xin Sui ◽

Yanbo Hu ◽

Fujuan Feng

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Microbial Community Structure ◽

Soil Microbes ◽

Mixed Forest ◽

Korean Pine ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

The Relationship ◽

Main Factor

Abstract Background The broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest is an important and typical component of a global temperate forest. Soil microbes are the main driver of biogeochemical cycling in this forest ecosystem and have complex interactions with carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) components in the soil. Results We investigated the vertical soil microbial community structure in a primary Korean pine-broadleaved mixed forest in Changbai Mountain (from 699 to 1177 m) and analyzed the relationship between the microbial community and both C and N components in the soil. The results showed that the total phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) of soil microbes and Gram-negative bacteria (G-), Gram-positive bacteria (G+), fungi (F), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and Actinomycetes varied significantly (p < 0.05) at different sites (elevations). The ratio of fungal PLFAs to bacterial PLFAs (F/B) was higher at site H1, and H2. The relationship between microbial community composition and geographic distance did not show a distance-decay pattern. The coefficients of variation for bacteria were maximum among different sites (elevations). Total soil organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), soil water content (W), and the ratio of breast-height basal area of coniferous trees to that of broad-leaved tree species (RBA) were the main contributors to the variation observed in each subgroup of microbial PLFAs. The structure equation model showed that TOC had a significant direct effect on bacterial biomass and an indirect effect upon bacterial and fungal biomass via soil readily oxidized organic carbon (ROC). No significant relationship was observed between soil N fraction and the biomass of fungi and bacteria. Conclusion The total PLFAs (tPLFA) and PLFAs of soil microbes, including G-, G+, F, AMF, and Actinomycetes, were significantly affected by elevation. Bacteria were more sensitive to changes in elevation than other microbes. Environmental heterogeneity was the main factor affecting the geographical distribution pattern of microbial community structure. TOC, TN, W and RBA were the main driving factors for the change in soil microbial biomass. C fraction was the main factor affecting the biomass of fungi and bacteria and ROC was one of the main sources of the microbial-derived C pool.

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