scholarly journals The Gravettian on the Basque Crossroads:a glimpse of Palaeolithic territoriality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro ARRIZABALAGA ◽  
Maria J. IRIARTE-CHIAPUSSO
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Location Pattern ◽  
Lithic Raw Materials ◽  
Rock Shelters

In recent decades, the Gravettian in the Basque Country has ceased to be a poorly known bridge between the Aurignacian and the Solutrean and has acquired its own personality. Progress in fieldwork and laboratory studies, the discovery of new sites in rock-shelters and in the open air, changes in the location pattern of the sites, and better knowledge of the lithic raw materials and their spatial distribution have greatly improved our understanding of the period. The main advances made since 1990 are described in this overview. At the present time, we are probably closer to describing territoriality in the Gravettian than for any other technocomplex in the region.

scholarly journals Turonian flint economy in the easternmost Magdalenian: new data from Stare Baraki, site 1 (eastern Poland)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Wiśniewski ◽  
Maciej T. Krajcarz ◽  
Karol Standzikowski
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The West ◽  
Eastern Area ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Lithic Raw Materials ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All

AbstractMagdalenian communities exploited mostly local and regional good-quality lithic raw materials. In south-eastern Poland, being the easternmost fringe of the Magdalenian range, Turonian grey flint had a particular importance. Outcrops of this raw material occur both at the west and at the east sides the Vistula River Gorge. The varieties from the eastern area (called here “eastern Turonian flint” or ETF) are common among inventories of the Magdalenian sites situated to west of the Vistula river. This fact points toward the frequent penetration of the ETF outcrop area by those societies. However, no Magdalenian sites were known directly from the ETF deposit area, and this gap in knowledge restricted further understanding of the character and diversity of Magdalenian activity there. Therefore, in this paper, we present the results of searching for Magdalenian sites within the ETF outcrop zone. Applied methodology included study of the archive archaeological materials, followed by detail survey and excavation of the selected site—Stare Baraki 1. This site documents a short stay or multiple stays of Magdalenian people, who were focused on Turonian flint knapping. Lithic inventory records collecting of several local flint varieties at the distance up to around 20 km from the site, followed by almost all stages of flint working. The material from Stare Baraki is the first known and currently the only trace of the Magdalenian people inside the zone of Turonian flint deposits on the right bank of the Vistula river. The study in Stare Baraki delivered new data for the reconstruction of territory exploitation strategies used in the easternmost Magdalenian.

Industrial Applications of Near-Infrared Chemical Imaging Microscopy

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 162-163
Author(s):  
EN Lewis ◽  
LH Kidder ◽  
KS Haber
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Imaging ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
Spatially Resolved

Single point near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is used extensively for characterizing raw materials and finished products in a wide variety of industries: polymers, paper, film, pharmaceuticals, paintings and coatings, food and beverages, agricultural products. As advanced industrial materials become more complex, their functionality is often determined by the spatial distribution of their discrete sample constituents. However, conventional single point NIR spectroscopy cannot adequately probe the interrelationship between the spatial distribution of sample components with the physical properties of the sample. to fully characterize these samples, it is necessary to probe simultaneously spatial and chemical heterogeneity and correlate these properties with sample characteristics.Recently, we have developed a novel NIR imaging spectrometer that can deliver spatially resolved chemical information very rapidly. in contrast to conventional, single point NIR spectrometers, the imaging system uses an infrared focal-plane array (FPA) to collect up to 76,800 complete spectra, one for each pixel on the array, in approximately one minute.

Characterizing the lithic raw materials from Fuente del Trucho (Asque‐Colungo, Huesca): New data about Palaeolithic human mobility in north‐east Iberia

Archaeometry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sánchez de la Torre ◽  
P. Utrilla ◽  
L. Montes ◽  
R. Domigo ◽  
F.‐X. Le Bourdonnec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
North East ◽  
Lithic Raw Materials

Raw-Material Availability and the Organization of Technology

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Andrefsky
Keyword(s):  
Production Technology ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Formal Tool ◽  
Lithic Raw Materials ◽  
Tool Types

Ethnographic examples of stone-tool makers in Australia and archaeological examples from three different areas in the western United States indicate that the availability of lithic raw materials is an important variable conditioning stone-tool production technology. Attributes of availability such as abundance and quality of lithic raw materials condition the production of formal- vs. informal-tool types. Poor-quality raw materials tend to be manufactured into informal-tool designs. High-quality lithic raw materials tend to be manufactured into formal-tool designs when such materials occur in low abundance. When high-quality materials occur in great abundance both formal- and informal-tool designs are manufactured. Other factors, such as residential mobility or sedentism, are found to be less-important determinates of lithic-production technology.

scholarly journals Experimental feed mixer performance study

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
G. B. Mammadov ◽  
T. F. Kamran
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
Increase In Productivity

The importance of rational use of waste from the processing of grapes, fruits, sugar beets and grain crops in the preparation of high-grade feed is noted. In this regard the relevance of the development of effective technical means for mixing liquid or pasty additives with traditional feed is emphasized. An experimental feed mixer with the ability to produce feed mixtures using secondary raw materials of various aggregate states has been developed. The task of the experimental work was to study its performance under various operating modes. As a result of laboratory studies, it was found that with an increase in the rotational speed of the working body from 60 to 120 min-1 the productivity of the experimental feed mixer increased from 2,0 to 3,3 t/h. With the subsequent decrease in the amplitude of oscillations of the inter-screw cavity (with a decrease in its volume) the increase in productivity slows down.

scholarly journals STUDY OF MICELLES SIZE INFLUENCE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RESIDUAL OIL DISPLACEMENT

2015 ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
K. I. Babitskaya ◽  
V. V. Konovalov ◽  
T. V. Chikhereva
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Anionic Surfactants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Interfacial Activity ◽  
Oil Displacement ◽  
High Viscosity Oil

This paper presents the results of laboratory studies of the influence of the size of compound micelles created by a mixture of anionic surfactants, received from low quality hydrocarbon raw materials, and nonionic surfactants on the efficiency of residual oil displacement from highly water-encroached beds. It has been proved that varying the anionic/nonionic surfactant proportion in the mixture influences considerably on the size of the micelles formed, their interfacial activity and efficiency in high-viscosity oil displacement.

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