Glomus Coccygeum in Surgical Pathology Specimens

Abstract Background.—Rarely encountered nonpathologic structures may pose diagnostic problems and cause unnecessary special investigations. More importantly, however, they may be falsely accused as culprits in unrelated pathologic processes. Glomus coccygeum is one such structure. Glomus bodies (including coccygeal glomus) consist of modified smooth muscle cells arranged in layers around small vascular channels. When found in distal extremities, they generally do not represent a diagnostic problem; however, large glomus bodies present in a pericoccygeal location (glomus coccygeum) may cause significant problems for a surgical pathologist unfamiliar with this structure. Design.—We reviewed 37 coccygeal bones removed during rectal resection for carcinoma (rectal and uterine) and for various other reasons, among which was a single case of coccygodynia. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examinations were performed in selected cases. Results.—Sharply circumscribed glomus bodies composed of various proportions of glomus cells without atypia or pleomorphism and without expansile growth or infiltration of surrounding soft tissue or bone were identified in 50% of cases. Size varied significantly (maximum 4 mm), but paradoxically the smallest glomus body (less than 1 mm) was found in the case of coccygodynia. Glomus coccygeum posed a significant diagnostic challenge to the pathologists involved in these cases, as the retrospective review found that it was diagnosed correctly in only 3 cases. Conclusions.—Glomus coccygeum is a nonpathologic structure that exhibits significant variation in size and proportion of the constitutive elements. Immunohistochemical demonstration of smooth muscle actin and neuron-specific enolase in glomus cells may be beneficial for accurate identification of this organelle.

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Hypertrophic gastropathy associated with gastric sarcoma in a dog

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/1040638720966972 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 112-115

Author(s):

Mariarita Romanucci ◽

Paolo E. Crisi ◽

Maria Veronica Giordano ◽

Morena Di Tommaso ◽

Francesco Simeoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Neuron Specific Enolase ◽

Partial Gastrectomy ◽

Abdominal Ultrasound ◽

Gastric Body ◽

Gastric Glands ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Gastric Lumen

A 14-y-old spayed female Labrador Retriever was presented with an 8-mo history of chronic vomiting. Abdominal ultrasound and gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a mass protruding into the gastric lumen, with cytologic features suggestive of sarcoma. A partial gastrectomy was performed; the gastric body and antrum were thickened, with a cerebriform appearance of the mucosal surface. Histologic examination revealed a submucosal neoplastic proliferation of fusiform cells variably arranged in irregular bundles and scattered whorls. Fusiform cells strongly reacted to antibodies against vimentin, S100, and neuron-specific enolase; glial fibrillary acidic protein was moderately and multifocally expressed. Pancytokeratin, KIT, α–smooth muscle actin, and desmin were nonreactive. Histologic and immunohistochemical findings suggested a diagnosis of gastric sarcoma with features referable to a non-GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor), non–smooth muscle NIMT (non-angiogenic, non-lymphogenic intestinal mesenchymal tumor). The overlying gastric mucosa was thickened by elongated and dilated gastric glands, predominantly lined by intensely periodic acid-Schiff–stained mucous cells. This altered mucosal architecture was suggestive of Ménétrier-like disease. Although this disease has been hypothesized to predispose to gastric adenocarcinoma in dogs, an association with gastric sarcoma has not been documented previously in the veterinary literature, to our knowledge.

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Leiomyosarcoma of the colon

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns1512413j ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 68 (11-12) ◽

pp. 413-417 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Vlado Janevski ◽

Redzep Selmani ◽

Vesna Janevska ◽

Liljana Spasevska ◽

Julija Zhivadinovik

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Abdominal Mass ◽

Neuron Specific Enolase ◽

Muscle Actin ◽

Ascending Colon ◽

Mesenchymal Tumors ◽

Stromal Tumors

Introduction. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the digestive tract. Leiomyosarcomas of the gastrointestinal tract are rare mesenchymal neoplasms which grossly and histologically resemble gastrointestinal stromal tumors. They may be differentiated from gastrointestinal stromal tumors by using immunohistochemistry and they are typically positive for ? smooth muscle actin and desmin and negative for c-kit, CD34 and DOG1.1. They often express calponin and h-caldesmon. Case Report. We present a case of a 59-year-old male with anemia, weight loss, intermittent abdominal pain and right abdominal mass. Colonoscopy revealed an exophytic ulcerated neoplastic mass in the ascending colon and abdominal computed tomography scan showed an ill-defined heterogeneous tumor mass which surrounded almost the whole ascending colon. The patient underwent right hemicolectomy and partial resection of ileum. Histopathological examination revealed a leiomyosarcoma composed of atypical spindle cells positive for ? smooth muscle actin, desmin and vimentin, and negative for c-kit, CD34, S100 and neuron specific enolase. The patient is alive 8 months after the operation, undergoing chemotherapy. Conclusion. We have concluded that the multimodal approach comprising chemotherapy and complete surgical resection controls the leiomyosarcomas.

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Eimeria Organisms Develop in the Epithelial Cells of Equine Small Intestine

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1354/vp.39-4-505 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 505-508 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

K. Hirayama ◽

M. Okamoto ◽

T. Sako ◽

K. Kihara ◽

K. Okai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Host Cell ◽

Lamina Propria ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Eimeria Species ◽

Neuron Specific Enolase ◽

Neuroendocrine Cells ◽

Host Cells

Histopathologic and immunohistochemical examinations were performed to determine the origin of host cells parasitized by Eimeria in the small intestines collected from five foals. Eimeria organisms at various stages (mainly microgametes and macrogametes) were frequently found in the cytoplasm of hypertrophied host cells in the lamina propria at the tips of villi of the jejunum and ileum. The cytoplasm of the host cell was immunohistochemically positive for cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and cytokeratin 13 and was negative for vimentin, desmin, α-smooth muscle actin, chromogranin A, neuron-specific enolase, and factor VIII. The host cells parasitized by Eimeria species had the immunostaining characteristics of epithelial cells but not of mesenchymal cells, endothelial cells of lacteals or capillaries, smooth muscle cells or neuroendocrine cells. These results suggest that the host cell of Eimeria species is possibly derived from intestinal epithelial cells and then displaced into the lamina propria of the small intestine.

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Piloleiomyosarcoma in cats: Histological and immunohistochemical features

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/03009858211042582 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 030098582110425

Author(s):

Francisco Rodríguez Guisado ◽

Pedro Luis Castro

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Subcutaneous Tissue ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Neuron Specific Enolase ◽

Surgical Excision ◽

Giant Cells ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

Muscle Actin ◽

Neoplastic Cells ◽

S 100

This study describes the histomorphology and immunohistochemical profile of 9 cases of feline piloleiomyosarcoma. Cats ranged in age from 7 to 16 years (mean 10), and tumors were 7 to 24 mm in diameter (mean 15). Tumors were composed of fusiform cells that were haphazardly arranged or in variably sized interwoven bundles. Neoplastic cells had eosinophilic and fibrillar cytoplasm, and elongated blunt-ended nuclei. Entrapment of hair follicles and absence of vascular components support an origin from the smooth muscle cells of the arrector pili. Additional findings included bizarre nuclei and giant cells (7/9 cases), atypical mitoses (7/9 cases), ulceration (3/9 cases), and intratumoral necrosis (6/9 cases). Neoplastic cells expressed calponin, desmin, α-smooth muscle actin, and vimentin, but not CD18, CD31, cytokeratins, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neuron-specific enolase, Melan A, p63, or S-100 protein. Surgical excision was curative in 6/9 cases, with local recurrence in 2/9 cases and metastasis to local lymph nodes in 1/9 case. Clinical outcome was influenced by mitotic count, infiltration of subcutaneous tissue, and intensity of nuclear immunolabeling for p53.

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Colitis and “diaphragm disease” of the colon in hemodialysis patient due to prolonged use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns1512418d ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 68 (11-12) ◽

pp. 418-420 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nada Dimkovic ◽

Danijela Bojic ◽

Petar Svorcan ◽

Aleksandar Jankovic ◽

Petar Djuric ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Abdominal Mass ◽

Neuron Specific Enolase ◽

Muscle Actin ◽

Ascending Colon ◽

Mesenchymal Tumors ◽

Stromal Tumors

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Omental Leiomyoma in a Male Adult Horse

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1354/vp.44-5-722 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 722-726 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

D. Schaudien ◽

J. M. V. Müller ◽

W. Baumgärtner

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Neuron Specific Enolase ◽

Muscle Actin ◽

Male Adult ◽

S 100 ◽

Multiple Cysts ◽

Histology And Immunohistochemistry

A well-circumscribed mass 70 X 35 X 28 cm in size and 41 kg in weight was detected at necropsy in a male adult horse within the omentum major without any association to the gastrointestinal tract. The tumor consisted of multiple white-to-yellow lobules and displayed a firm consistency. In addition, multiple cysts filled with blood-like fluid, and multifocal areas of necrosis were observed. Histologically, the mass consisted of slightly pleomorphic spindloid-shaped cells arranged in interlacing bundles containing elongated nuclei with blunt ends. The majority of tumor cells revealed a positive immunoreaction for α-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and neuron-specific enolase and were negative for S-100, factor VIII-related antigen, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Few tumor cells showed expression of desmin and c-kit. On the basis of macroscopy, histology, and immunohistochemistry, an omental leiomyoma was diagnosed.

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The Expression of Keratins, Vimentin, Neurofilament Proteins, Smooth Muscle Actin, Neuron-specific Enolase, and Synaptophysin in Tumors of the Specific Glands in the Canine Anal Region

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/030098589303000404 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 352-361 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

J. H. Vos ◽

T. S. G. A. M. van den Ingh ◽

F. C. S. Ramaekers ◽

R. F. Molenbeek ◽

M. de Neijs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Neuron Specific Enolase ◽

Neuroendocrine Cells ◽

Muscle Actin ◽

Neurofilament Proteins ◽

Anal Glands ◽

Anal Region ◽

Anal Sac ◽

Glandular Structures

Eight canine tumors originating from specific glandular structures in the anal region, as well as metastatic tumor tissue of two of these cases (case Nos. 7, 8), were immunohistochemically analyzed using various monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) directed against human keratin types, vimentin, neurofilament proteins, and α-smooth muscle actin. These tumors also were stained for the broad-spectrum neuroendocrine markers neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and synaptophysin. In histologically normal canine anal structures, α-smooth muscle actin and NSE antibodies stained basally localized (probably myoepithelial) cells in the anal glands and the anal sac glands. NSE staining also was present in a limited number of luminal cells in both anal glands and anal sac glands. Synaptophysin labeling was not observed in any of these glandular structures. Histologically, the tumors were differentiated into well- and moderately differentiated perianal gland tumors ( n = 5) and carcinomas without perianal gland differentiation (n = 3), corresponding to the so-called apocrine carcinomas of the anal region. Immunohistochemically, the perianal gland tumors could be differentiated from the carcinomas by marked differences in staining pattern with the various keratin MoAbs, particularly MoAbs directed against human keratin types 7 and 18. The keratin-staining characteristics of the carcinomas suggest a glandular luminal cell origin. Metastases of the carcinomas showed loss of some keratin-staining characteristics as compared with the primary tumor. Staining for NSE was only observed in solitary cells and small cell clusters in the carcinomas and their metastases, whereas the α-smooth muscle actin antibody did not react with the carcinoma cells. None of the tumors stained for neurofilament proteins or synaptophysin. An unequivocal neuroendocrine nature of the carcinomas could not be substantiated by our immunohistochemical study, although the presence of a population of neuroendocrine cells within these neoplasms seems likely. Because the immunohistochemical features of the carcinomas with respect to various keratin MoAbs and NSE are similar to those of the anal glands and the anal sac glands, both these glands might be considered as site of origin of these carcinomas.

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