Birds of the Pacific Northwest mountains: the Cascade Range, the Olympic Mountains, Vancouver Island, and the Coast Mountains

1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (02) ◽  
pp. 33-0935-33-0935
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Cascade Range ◽  
Coast Mountains ◽  
Olympic Mountains ◽  
The Pacific

Subalpine meadow vegetation of south central Vancouver Island

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 815-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Milko ◽  
M. A. M. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Pteridium Aquilinum ◽  
South Central ◽  
Olympic Mountains ◽  
Subalpine Meadow ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Community Types

The subalpine meadow vegetation at three sites in the south central mountains of Vancouver Island was described. Based on dominance, six plant community types were delimited by ordination and classification. The community types are Phlox–moss, Anaphalis–Aster, Ribes–Heuchera, Pteridium aquilinum, Senecio–Veratrum, and Vaccinium–Carex. Although the two low-elevation sites were floristically similar, community definition was sharply delineated at Haley Lake but more continuous at Bell Creek. In contrast, the high-elevation Gemini Peak site was floristically and compositionally different and showed a more advanced stage of succession towards forest-dominated communities. Comparisons of the plant communities with those described for other subalpine regions of the Pacific Northwest indicated the strongest similarity to the vegetation of the Olympic Mountains, Washington.

Geochemical and Petrological Characterization of Ash Samples from Cascade Range Volcanoes

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Randle ◽  
Gordon G. Goles ◽  
Laurence R. Kittleman
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Cascade Range ◽  
Crystalline Material ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Volcanic Ashes ◽  
Different Sources

Twenty-nine samples of volcanic ash from the Pacific Northwest were analyzed by instrumental neutron activation techniques, with the aim of distinguishing among ashes from different sources. Preliminary results of petrographic studies of 42 ash or pumice samples are also reported. Geochemical characteristics of Mazama ash are defined, and problems induced by winnowing of crystalline material during transport and by weathering are discussed. Contents of La, Th, and Co, and La/Yb ratios are shown to be good discriminants. Data on refractive indices and on proportions of crystalline materials also aid in distinguishing among the various volcanic ashes studied. Ash and pumice found in archaeological contexts at Fort Rock Cave, Paisley Cave, Wildcat Canyon, and Hobo Cave are all from Mount Mazama, presumably from the culminating cruption of 7000 years ago.

scholarly journals Comparison of Coastal Fringe and Interior Forests as Reserves for Marbled Murrelets on Vancouver Island

The Condor ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 915-920
Author(s):  
Alan E. Burger ◽  
Volker Bahn ◽  
Angeline R. M. Tillmanns
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Brachyramphus Marmoratus ◽  
Marbled Murrelet ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Associated Species ◽  
Marbled Murrelets

Abstract Much of the protected habitat available to the threatened Marbled Murrelet Brachyramphus marmoratus and other old-growth associated species in the Pacific Northwest is in narrow strips along the coast (e.g., parks and scenic fringes). Using data over two years from three watersheds on southwest Vancouver Island, we show that such shoreline strip forests represent suboptimal habitat for murrelets. Murrelet detections, including circling and subcanopy behaviors, were significantly lower at 30 coastal stations (20–250 m from the shoreline edge) than at 30 interior stations (1.5–21.0 km inland). Densities of predators were significantly higher at the coastal stations. The coastal trees were of similar mean height and diameter, but they had lower structural diversity and provided fewer and less suitable (thinner epiphyte cover on large boughs) nesting platforms than trees in the interior. When possible, reserves for Marbled Murrelets should be placed in interior and not shoreline forests.

Morphological variation and taxonomy of chromosomally differentiated Peromyscus from the Pacific Northwest

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2734-2739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc W. Allard ◽  
Ira F. Greenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Deer Mouse ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Fundamental Number ◽  
The Pacific

Analysis of 28 morphological characters supports the existence of two karyotypically defined species of Peromyscus on Vancouver Island and islands in the Queen Charlotte Strait and the Strait of Georgia. Morphology of insular and mainland populations from Washington and British Columbia is congruent with karyotypic data indicating that only the smaller, low fundamental number deer mice should be retained with Peromyscus maniculatus, and that the larger, high fundamental number forms should be referred to Peromyscus areas. Accordingly, P. maniculatus ranges throughout Vancouver Island, is the only deer mouse inhabiting the islands of the Strait of Georgia, and occurs on some of the more northern small islands. Insular forms of P. areas occur on northern and western Vancouver Island and on the islands in the Queen Charlotte Strait. The existence of two species in this geographic area indicates the need for a revision of the subspecific taxonomy. From the patterns of morphological variation among the examined populations of karyotypically characterized individuals, we offer hypotheses that should be tested in the development of formal intraspecific taxonomic decisions.

Hydrographic Charting and Oceanography on the West Coast of Canada from the Eighteenth Century to the Present Day

1972 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Robert W. Sandilands
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
The West ◽  
Special Place ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Formative Years

Those participating in this Congress are aware of the leadership of Rear-Admiral George Henry Richards in mounting the Challenger Expedition, which he himself regarded as the crowning achievement of his career. However, he also has a very special place in the history and development of British Columbia and it can fairly be said that his work in the Pacific Northwest was the major achievement of his sea-going career. His service on the coast covered the short period 1857 to 1863, but these were formative years in the development of the west coast colonies of Vancouver Island and British Columbia.

scholarly journals Morphology and Population Characteristics of Vancouver Island Cougars, Puma concolor vancouverensis

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Steven F. Wilson ◽  
Apryl Hahn ◽  
Aaron Gladders ◽  
Karen M. L. Goh ◽  
David M. Shackleton
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Top Predator ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Age And Sex

Cougars are a management concern on Vancouver Island because they are a top predator and because there have been frequent attacks on humans on the island. However, little is known about Cougar ecology in the Pacific Northwest of North America. We studied Cougar morphology and population characteristics as part of a larger study in two areas on Vancouver Island. We derived a multivariate measure of body size to describe changes with age and sex. Body size was similar in the two study areas. Survival rates for adult females were higher than those reported elsewhere; however, hunters avoided shooting females in general, and radio-collared Cougars in particular. Litter size at first detection was lower than reported in many other studies and may be related to food availability.Includes erratum for a figure in this article.

Postglacial Vegetation and Climate of the Cascade Range, Central Oregon

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra S. Sea ◽  
Cathy Whitlock
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cascade Range ◽  
Pollen Record ◽  
Climate History ◽  
Vegetational Change ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Closed Forest ◽  
Vegetation And Climate

AbstractPollen data from two sites provide information on the postglacial vegetation and climate history of the Cascade Range. Indian Prairie in the western Cascade Range was colonized by subalpine forests of Pinus, Picea, and Tsuga and open meadows prior to ca. 12,400 14C yr B.P. The treeline lay 500 to 1000 m below its modern elevation and conditions were cooler than at present. From ca. 12,400 to ca. 9950 14C yr B.P. Abies became important and the forest resembled that presently found at middle elevations in the western Cascade Range. The pollen record implies a rise in treeline and warmer conditions than before. From ca. 10,000 to 4000-4500 14C yr B.P., conditions that were warmer and effectively drier than today led to the establishment of a closed forest composed of Pseudotsuga, Abies, and, at lower elevations, Quercus and Corylus. During this period, Gold Lake Bog in the High Cascades was surrounded by closed forest of Pinus and Abies. The early-Holocene pollen assemblages at both Indian Prairie and Gold Lake Bog lack modern analogues, and it is likely that greater-than-present summer radiation fostered unique climatic conditions and vegetation associations at middle and high elevations. In the late Holocene, beginning ca. 4000-4500 14C yr B.P., cooler and more humid conditions prevailed and the modern vegetation was established. A comparison of these sites with others in the Pacific Northwest suggests that major patterns of vegetational change at individual sites were a response to large-scale changes in the climate system that affected the entire region.

Late-Glacial Vegetation and Climate Change in Western Oregon

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie D. Grigg ◽  
Cathy Whitlock
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Younger Dryas ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Cascade Range ◽  
Subalpine Forest ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Vegetation And Climate

Pollen records from two sites in western Oregon provide information on late-glacial variations in vegetation and climate and on the extent and character of Younger Dryas cooling in the Pacific Northwest. A subalpine forest was present at Little Lake, central Coast Range, between 15,700 and 14,850 cal yr B.P. A warm period between 14,850 and 14,500 cal yr B.P. is suggested by an increase in Pseudotsuga pollen and charcoal. The recurrence of subalpine forest at 14,500 cal yr B.P. implies a return to cool conditions. Another warming trend is evidenced by the reestablishment of Pseudotsuga forest at 14,250 cal yr B.P. Increased haploxylon Pinus pollen between 12,400 and 11,000 cal yr B.P. indicates cooler winters than before. After 11,000 cal yr B.P. warm dry conditions are implied by the expansion of Pseudotsuga. A subalpine parkland occupied Gordon Lake, western Cascade Range, until 14,500 cal yr B.P., when it was replaced during a warming trend by a montane forest. A rise in Pinuspollen from 12,800 to 11,000 cal yr B.P. suggests increased summer aridity. Pseudotsuga dominated the vegetation after 11,000 cal yr B.P. Other records from the Pacific Northwest show an expansion of Pinus from ca. 13,000 to 11,000 cal yr B.P. This expansion may be a response either to submillennial climate changes of Younger Dryas age or to millennial-scale climatic variations.

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