Latin Epigraphy and the IT Revolution

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bodel
Keyword(s):  
Computer Applications ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Electronic Archive ◽  
Text Encoding ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Extensible Markup ◽  
Latin Epigraphy ◽  
It Revolution ◽  
Language Text

Since the appearance in 1975 of John Jory's Key Word in Context index to volume VI of CIL, computer applications and databases have had a major influence on epigraphic studies. While an initial optimism diminished somewhat once the scale of the task in their creation became apparent, a great deal has been achieved under three headings: three major databases are now established within the federal organisation Electronic Archive of Greek and Roman Epigraphy, the Heidelberg Datenbank (post CIL texts), for non-Christian Rome and for Christian Rome; imaging using x-ray fluorescence, text mapping and computer-aided reconstructions of incomplete texts; and the editing of texts by EpiDoc, with Extensible Markup Language, Text Encoding Initiative and Unicode, successfully applied to the Vindolanda Writing Tablets and the Aphrodisias Inscriptions.

XML Annotation of Hebrew Elements in Judeo-Arabic Texts

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. H. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Code Switching ◽  
Extensible Markup Language ◽  
Markup Language ◽  
Text Encoding ◽  
Text Encoding Initiative ◽  
Extensible Markup

Abstract The main aim of this study is to introduce a model of TEI (Text Encoding Initiative) annotation of Hebrew elements in Judeo-Arabic texts, i.e., code switching (CS), borrowing, and Hebrew quotations. This article will provide an introduction to using XML (Extensible Markup Language) to investigate sociolinguistic aspects in medieval Judeo-Arabic texts. Accordingly, it will suggest to what extent using XML is useful for investigating linguistic and sociolinguistic features in the Judeo-Arabic paradigm. To provide an example for how XML annotation could be applied to Judeo-Arabic texts, a corpus of 300 pages selected from three Judeo-Arabic books has been manually annotated using the TEI P5. The annotation covers all instances of CS, borrowing, and Hebrew quotations in that corpus.

Markup Technology and Textual Scholarship

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Huitfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Critical Edition ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Extensible Markup Language ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Markup Language ◽  
Text Encoding ◽  
Textual Scholarship ◽  
Extensible Markup ◽  
Future Potential

This chapter describes how digital critical edition supposes a mastery of markup systems, providing an overview in the form of an inventory of standards, and of markup, presentation, and archiving techniques. It discusses the state of the art while focusing on key architectures and techniques considered as the basis of digital critical edition. The chapter introduces some aspects of markup technology that are particularly relevant to textual scholarship, such as the Extensible Markup Language (XML) and the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI), and considers some of their limitations, possibilities, and future potential. Since there is no need to be conversant with all aspects and details of the markup technology, most of what is covered here is of a general nature, albeit focusing on issues assumed to be of particular relevance for textual scholarship.

Interpreter for Open Architecture CNC System: A Conceptual Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 779-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamran Latif ◽  
Yusri Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
International Standard Organization ◽  
Open Architecture ◽  
Model Code ◽  
Software Model ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Extensible Markup ◽  
Standard Organization ◽  
Open Architecture Cnc

Conventional Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines are operated by controllers. Each controller has software model inside known as interpreter. The function of interpreter is to translate input data model code into CNC understandable internal data structure. These conventional CNC controllers are found to be closed in nature and are dependent on vendor specifications. In order to overcome these problems open architecture control systems are introduced. This paper presents an interpreter for open architecture CNC control system. The developed interpreter takes current available Computer Aided Design (CAD)/ Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) systems generated International Standard Organization (ISO) 6983 file in text (.txt) format as input and extracts the position, feed rate, spindle etc data from code. Then finally it writes interpreted code in user defined .txt and EXtensible Markup Language (.xml) formats.

scholarly journals A Review on Computer - Aided Formulation Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 328-337
Author(s):  
Chaudhari R. G. ◽  
Raut D. B. ◽  
Barhewar P. A. ◽  
Mali A. S. ◽  
Burade K. B.
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
Quality By Design ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Computer Applications ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Formulation Development ◽  
Critical Quality Attributes ◽  
Double Emulsions ◽  
Computer Aided

This chapter introduces the concept of formulation development assisted by computer applications. Development and optimization of various types of pharmaceutical emulsions microemulsions, self- microemulsifying systems, and double emulsions are presented. Illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the ability of computer-aided tools to facilitate formulation development. Various techniques, such as design of experiments and arti?cial neural networks, are implemented for optimization of the formulation and/or processing parameters. Furthermore, some of the critical quality attributes and processing parameters are optimized simultaneously. The examples presented should serve as the foundation for the future quality- by-design development of pharmaceutical emulsion and (self) microemulsion formulations.

Pushing the Design Envelope with CAE

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (12) ◽  
pp. 72-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Halpern
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Engineering ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Engineering Programs ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cash Benefits ◽  
Cae Simulation

This article focuses on the growing role of computer-aided engineering programs for the design of electronic packaging. While computer-aided engineering (CAD) clearly offers the potential to improve products and cut manufacturing costs and time, those who have adopted CAE are facing significant challenges in making it work. Historically, CAE has failed to deliver results fast enough to exert a major influence on design decisions. Instead, corporations have used finite-element results to validate previously determined designs. But because design changes later can cost more than correct up-front decisions, CAE simulation can offer cash benefits when it has a role in the initial stages of product design. Technical staff leaders must translate objectives into CAE work that is efficient and effective. The status of the measurements must always be available, in order to monitor progress.

scholarly journals Classification of research and applications of the computer aided process planning in manufacturing systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1250-1281
Author(s):  
Mohsen Soori ◽  
Mohammed Asmael
Keyword(s):  
Process Planning ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Computer Applications ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Planning Systems ◽  
Computer Aided Process Planning ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Part Production

The Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP) systems are recently developed in manufacturing engineering to provide links between Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) systems. The CAPP systems are developed by considering the different issues of computer applications in production engineering. Optimization techniques can be applied to the CAPP to increase efficiency in part production processes. The energy consumption of part production process can be analyzed and optimized using the CAPP systems in order to increase added value in the part manufacturing process. Also, artificial neural networks as well as cloud manufacturing systems can be applied to the CAPP systems to share advantages of the different CAPP systems in different industry applications. Flexible process planning systems are developed using dynamic CAPP in order to cope with product varieties in process of part production. To develop potential energy saving strategies during product design and process planning stages, the advanced CAPP systems can be used. In this paper, a review of Computer Process Planning systems (CAPP) is presented and future research works are also suggested. It has been observed that the research filed can be moved forward by reviewing and analyzing recent achievements in the published papers.

Helping Language Learners Put Concordance Data in Context

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-92
Author(s):  
Stephen Jeaco
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Corpus Tools

While corpus tools provide several different ways to display relationships between words within texts and across texts, the main format for viewing concordance data is Key Word in Context (KWIC). In Computer Aided Language Learning, concordance lines in KWIC format may be accessed inside a concordancer or within other software through links to corpus data. Language learners can and do gain useful insights from exploring concordance data in KWIC format, but some kinds of information may be harder to see, some patterning of use may not be so obvious, and reading of complete examples may not be very easy. The Prime Machine was developed for language learners and aims to make corpus data easier to access and interpret. This paper introduces the design of the Cards Tab, which provides an additional way of viewing concordance data. Results from three evaluations with language learners and teachers show positive attitudes towards this display.

Computer-Aided Peer Review of Writing

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Computer Applications ◽  
Recent Survey ◽  
Business Writing ◽  
Writing Assignments ◽  
Peer Reviews ◽  
Client Software ◽  
Writing Class ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
News Groups

Classes that require writing assignments commonly engage students in some form of peer review. Such reviews can profit from two computer applications: news groups and specialized communication client software. In a recent survey, a majority of the students who conducted peer reviews in a business writing class found the activities useful and worthy of repeating in future semesters. But they suggested that faculty provide more guidelines and topics to enhance the substance of the review, train students more directly in the computer applications, and allot more time to conduct the reviews at a comfortable pace.

scholarly journals CAD/CAM DENTAL CERAMICS IN RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY

2021 ◽  
pp. 176-179
Author(s):  
N. B. Berin Dhanya
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Design Education ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Computer Applications ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Dental Ceramics ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Ceramic Blocks

Computer Aided Design and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD/ CAM) is a pair of often interdependent industrial computer applications that have greatly influenced the chain of processes between the initial design and the final realization of a product. It refers to the computer software that is used to both design and manufacture products.It is to improve the design and creation of dental restorations,especially dental prostheses, including crowns,crown lays,veneers,inlays and onlays, fixed bridges, dental implant restorations, dentures (removable or fixed), and orthodontic appliances. These are systems that can design and produce restoration out of blocks or blanks of ceramics. CAD/CAM is one of the highly competent dental lab technologies. Without this technology we wouldn't have the range and quality of products available.Hand-building and manual techniques still very much have their place and design education needs to treasure and foster these skills so that future generations will have the 'hands-on' skills to understand the man-made world and provide the next generation of engineers,designers and technicians. CAD/CAM was first introduced to dentistry in the mid-1980s. Both chair side and chair side-laboratory integrated procedures are available for this restoration fabrication.In selecting which procedure to follow,consideration should be given to aesthetic demands, chair side time, laboratory costs, number of visits and convenience and return on investment associated with CAD/CAM equipment. Depending on the method selected, CAD/CAM ceramic blocks available for restoration fabrication include leucite-reinforced ceramics, lithium di silicate, zirconia, and composite resin.In order to determine which type of ceramic to use,the practitioner must take into account aesthetics,strength,and ease of customizing milled restorations. It gives both the dentist and the laboratory technician an opportunity to automate fixed restoration fabrication and to offer patients highly aesthetic restorations in just one or two visits.These technologies are responsible for massive gains in both productivity and quality,particularly since the 1980s.This article is to provide information on restorative procedures and ceramic materials using CAD/CAM technology.

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