Biocontrol of Phytophthora parasitica and Fusarium oxysporum by Trichoderma spp. in Hibiscus sabdariffa plants under field and greenhouse conditions

La enfermedad Pata Prieta en jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) es ocasionada principalmente por Phytophthora parasitica Dastur y Fusarium oxysporum. Estos patógenos causan pérdidas de producción en al menos 50 % en el estado de Guerrero, donde se siembra la mayor superficie de este cultivo en México. Los fungicidas que se emplean para el control de la enfermedad son caros, tóxicos y residuales, por lo que es necesario buscar alternativas de control dentro de un contexto de agricultura sustentable. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la capacidad antagónica in vitro de cepas nativas de Trichoderma spp. contra P. parasitica y F. oxysporum. Las confrontaciones duales entre patógenos y agentes antagónicos se evaluaron en cajas Petri bajo un diseño experimental completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Las variables registradas fueron días al primer contacto entre hifas, zona de intersección, tipo de antagonismo y porcentaje de inhibición. La información fue sometida a análisis de varianza y prueba de comparación de medias (Tukey, P ≤ 0.05). Las cinco cepas de Trichoderma sobrecrecieron a P. parasitica y cubrieron 100 % del medio; en el caso de la confrontación con F. oxysporum, Trichoderma creció sólo en dos terceras partes del medio. En las zonas de intersección se observó variación de 0.0 a 4.8 cm entre patógenos y antagónicos. La confrontación entre T. inhamatum cepa 14 y P. parasitica mostró el mayor contacto entre hifas con 4.82 cm; Ti14, Ta10 y Ta9 mostraron el primer contacto entre hifas a los 3 y 4 d en P. parasitica y F. oxysporum; la primera cepa tuvo un porcentaje de inhibición superior con 95 y 85 % para los dos patógenos. Las cepas Ti14 y Ta10 mostraron mayor antagonismo contra ambos patógenos por el tiempo al primer contacto, esporulación, crecimiento sobre los patógenos y porcentaje de inhibición. Las cepas nativas de Trichoderma representan una alternativa viable para el control de la pata prieta en Jamaica.

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Antagonismo enzimático de Trichoderma spp., sobre Phytophthora parasitica y Fusarium oxysporum en jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

Enero-Abril 2021 - Bioagro ◽

10.51372/bioagro333.6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 203-214

Author(s):

Javier Hernández-Morales ◽

Teolincacihuatl Romero-Rosales ◽

Alejandro Michel-Aceves ◽

Mateo Vargas-Hernández ◽

Abraham Monteon-Ojeda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽

Phytophthora Parasitica ◽

Trichoderma Spp

México es el séptimo productor de jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa), y el estado de Guerrero concentra más del 70 % de la producción nacional. El cultivo presenta limitantes fitosanitarias importantes, destacando la “pata prieta” asociada a un complejo de patógenos (Fusarium oxysporum y Phytophthora parasitica), con pérdidas de hasta 100 % en áreas sin manejo fitosanitario. Debido a la naturaleza del consumo del producto final, es necesaria la implementación de estrategias ecológicas de manejo de la enfermedad. El objetivo del estudio fue cuantificar la actividad de quitinasas y glucanasas de aislados Trichoderma spp., y evaluar su efecto inhibitorio in vitro sobre F. oxysporum y P. parasitica. Se evaluaron las cepas Ta10, Ta11, Ta6 y Ta9 de T. asperellum y Ti14 de T. inhamatum provenientes de suelos cultivados con jamaica y alta incidencia de los patógenos. Los niveles de quitinasas y glucanasas en todos los aislados de Trichoderma spp. fueron significativos (P£0,05); la cepa Ta9 mostró la mayor actividad específica de quitinasas, y la cepa Ti14 la mayor de glucanasas. Todos los filtrados provenientes de los diferentes aislados de Trichoderma spp. generaron una inhibición sustancial del crecimiento micelial de F. oxysporum y P. parasitica. De manera consistente, la cepa Ta9 alcanzó porcentajes de inhibición mayores al 90 % en ambos ensayos. Se detectó correlación significativa entre la actividad enzimática y la inhibición del crecimiento de los aislados de Trichoderma spp. sobre los agentes patógenos.

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Trichoderma asperelloides Suppresses Nitric Oxide Generation Elicited by Fusarium oxysporum in Arabidopsis Roots

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-06-13-0160-r ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 307-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Kapuganti J. Gupta ◽

Luis A. J. Mur ◽

Yariv Brotman

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

No Production ◽

Disease Development ◽

Necrotrophic Pathogen ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Promote Plant Growth ◽

Induced Genes ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Lectin Protein

Inoculations with saprophytic fungus Trichoderma spp. are now extensively used both to promote plant growth and to suppress disease development. The underlying mechanisms for both roles have yet to be fully described so that the use of Trichoderma spp. could be optimized. Here, we show that Trichoderma asperelloides effects include the manipulation of host nitric oxide (NO) production. NO was rapidly formed in Arabidopsis roots in response to the soil-borne necrotrophic pathogen Fusarium oxysporum and persisted for about 1 h but is only transiently produced (approximately 10 min) when roots interact with T. asperelloides (T203). However, inoculation of F. oxysporum–infected roots with T. asperelloides suppressed F. oxysporum–initiated NO production. A transcriptional study of 78 NO-modulated genes indicated most genes were suppressed by single and combinational challenge with F. oxysporum or T. asperelloides. Only two F. oxysporum–induced genes were suppressed by T. asperelloides inoculation undertaken either 10 min prior to or after pathogen infection: a concanavlin A-like lectin protein kinase (At4g28350) and the receptor-like protein RLP30. Thus, T. asperelloides can actively suppress NO production elicited by F. oxysporum and impacts on the expression of some genes reported to be NO-responsive. Of particular interest was the reduced expression of receptor-like genes that may be required for F. oxysporum–dependent necrotrophic disease development.

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Molecular aspects of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) vascular wilt by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and antagonism by Trichoderma spp.

Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología Mexican Journal of Phytopathology ◽

10.18781/r.mex.fit.2106-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Paula Andrea Castillo-Sanmiguel ◽

Laura Rocío Cortés-Sánchez ◽

Jovanna Acero-Godoy

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Vascular Wilt ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

Synthetic Chemicals ◽

Efficient Alternative ◽

Molecular Aspects ◽

The One

Tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) are susceptible to the infection by diverse pathogens that cause devastating diseases such as vascular wilt, which causes great losses at the production level. The fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) is one of the etiologic agents of this disease and its control lies in the use of synthetic chemicals which generate a negative impact in both health and the environment; thus, it is necessary to implement biological control as a healthier and more efficient alternative. The fungus Trichoderma spp. is a favorable option to be employed as a biocontroller against this pathogen thanks to its antagonist mechanisms, determined by metabolic and genetic characteristics. On the one hand, for Fol it is indispensable the activation of signaling routes such as MAPK Fmk1, MAPK Mpk1 y HOG, while Trichoderma spp. uses effectors involved in the interaction with the plant such as proteins, enzymes and secondary metabolites that also strengthen its immune response against infection, determined by both Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMP) and effectors. Therefore, this article makes a review about the mentioned characteristics and suggests a greater application of tools and molecular markers for the management of this disease.

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Biological control of black pepper and ginger pathogens, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Phytophthora capsici, using Trichoderma spp

Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology ◽

10.1016/j.bcab.2018.11.021 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 177-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

M. Mousumi Das ◽

M. Haridas ◽

A. Sabu

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Phytophthora Capsici ◽

Black Pepper ◽

Trichoderma Spp

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Self-Inhibitory Activity of Trichoderma Soluble Metabolites and Their Antifungal Effects on Fusarium oxysporum

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof6030176 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 176

Author(s):

Samuel Álvarez-García ◽

Sara Mayo-Prieto ◽

Santiago Gutiérrez ◽

Pedro Antonio Casquero

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Macroscopic Structure ◽

Biocontrol Activity ◽

Microbial Strains ◽

Phytopathogenic Microorganisms

Self-inhibitory processes are a common feature shared by different organisms. One of the main mechanisms involved in these interactions regarding microorganisms is the release of toxic diffusible substances into the environment. These metabolites can exert both antimicrobial effects against other organisms as well as self-inhibitory ones. The in vitro evaluation of these effects against other organisms has been widely used to identify potential biocontrol agents against phytopathogenic microorganisms. In the present study, we performed membrane assays to compare the self-inhibitory effects of soluble metabolites produced by several Trichoderma isolates and their antifungal activity against a phytopathogenic strain of Fusarium oxysporum. The results demonstrated that Trichoderma spp. present a high self-inhibitory activity in vitro, being affected in both their growth rate and the macroscopic structure of their colonies. These effects were highly similar to those exerted against F. oxysporum in the same conditions, showing no significant differences in most cases. Consequently, membrane assays may not be very informative by themselves to assess putative biocontrol capabilities. Therefore, different methods, or a combination of antifungal and self-inhibitory experiments, could be a better approach to evaluate the potential biocontrol activity of microbial strains in order to pre-select them for further in vivo trials.

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Biocontrol Potential of Trichoderma and Bacillus Species on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp vasinfectum

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2019/v34i130166 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Otília Ricardo De Farias ◽

Luciana Cordeiro De Nascimento ◽

José Manoel Ferreira de Lima Cruz ◽

Hiago Antônio Oliveira Silva ◽

Mônica Danielly de Mello Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Disease Transmission ◽

Transmission Rate ◽

Good Alternative ◽

Bacillus Species ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Cotton Seeds ◽

Biocontrol Potential ◽

Preventive Methods

Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, is one of the major diseases of cotton. Preventive methods to manage this disease should be adopted what includes the seed treatment with biocontrol agents as a good alternative. This work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of biological products based on Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus subtilis in the control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (Fov) applied in seeds and seedlings of cotton. The experiment was carried out at the Laboratório de Fitopatologia of the Centro de Ciências Agrárias, of the Universidade Federal de Paraíba (CCA-UFPB), located in the city of Areia, Paraíba - Brazil. The disease transmission of the seeds to the seedlings was evaluated. After the transmission test, cotton seeds of the variety Mocó (Gossypium hirsutum var. Marie-gallante (Watt) Hutch.), BRS 286 and Topázio cultivar (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were submitted to the treatments T1 - Control, T2 - Trichodel® (0,5 mL); T3-Trichodel® (1.0 mL); T4-Trichodel® (1.5 mL); T5-Trichodel® (2.0 mL); T6-Bactel® (2.0 mL); T7-Bactel® (2.5 mL); T8-Bactel® (3.0 mL); T9-Bactel® (3.5 mL) diluted in 100 mL SDW; T10 - Fungicide Captana (240 g / 100 kg of seeds) and inoculated with Fov. The pathogen incidence of the seeds was evaluated seven days after the inoculation (DAI). To evaluate the biological control of Fov in the seedlings, the treated seeds were submitted to the following inoculation methods: 1 - inoculation of the substrate with a pathogen conidia suspension; 2 - immersion of the seeds in the conidia suspension and 3 - direct contact of the seeds with the pathogen mycelium. Twenty-one DAI the disease severity and percentage of seedlings with vascular darkening were evaluated. It was observed a transmission rate of 64.0 to 89.0% of the seeds to the seedlings. Trichodel® reduced the incidence and severity of Fov in the cotton seedlings and was the most efficient product.

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CARACTERIZACION DE Trichoderma viridae Y T atroviridae AISLADOS DE MONUMENTOS HISTORICOS EN CIUDAD DE MEXICO.

Nexo Revista Científica ◽

10.5377/nexo.v30i2.5525 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 60-72

Author(s):

L.A. Páramo-Aguilera ◽

J.L. Hernández-Mendoza

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Trichoderma Spp

Trichoderma spp. es un hongo polivalente, cuyas propiedades lo postulan como agente de control biológico de fitopatógenos y como estimulador de crecimiento de plantas. Comúnmente aislado de suelos y madera en descomposición, aunque los aislados II2 y II8 (T viridae y T atroviridae) fueron aislados de monumentos históricos en la Cd de México, DF. Este trabajo presenta la caracterización del antagonismo y promoción de crecimiento vegetal de dichos aislados. Se realizaron pruebas de estos hongos en contra de los hongos fitopatógenos Fusarium oxysporum y Macrophomina phaseolina, aislados de frijol. Los resultados muestran que las especies de Trichoderma en estudio no modifican su velocidad de crecimiento cuando crecen en cultivo dual con los antagonistas. Igual resultado se obtuvo para F oxysporum cuando crece frente a los aislados II8 y II2. M phaseolina incrementa su velocidad de crecimiento de colonia cuando crece en la misma caja de Petri frente a las dos especies de Trichoderma. Se observó antagonismo por competencia por espacio y los mecanismos de antibiosis e hiperparasitismo no fueron detectados en estas pruebas. Al evaluarse el potencial uso agronómico, estimulando el crecimiento en plantas de sorgo a través de la altura y biomasa producida en los diferentes tratamientos se determinó que no tienen la capacidad de estimular el desarrollo de las plantas. Contrariamente, en general se observan efectos inhibitorios del crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas tratadas. Esto tal vez se deba a que estas cepas se aislaron de monumentos históricos de la zona urbana de la Cd de México.

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Action of Trichodermil 1306 in the control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in tomato crops

Arquivos do Instituto Biológico ◽

10.1590/1808-1657000472019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 87 ◽

Author(s):

Isis Bruna Portolan ◽

Silmara Rodrigues Pietrobelli ◽

Gabriela Silva Moura ◽

Aline Pomari Fernandes ◽

Lisandro Tomas da Silva Bonome ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Tomato Seed ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Tomato Crop ◽

Tomato Seeds ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Lower Root ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, is one of the most important diseases of tomato crop in Brazil. Several alternatives to fungicides have been evaluated in search for products that control this disease and have low environmental impact and toxicity to living beings. In this context, the use of Trichoderma spp. is an alternative to agrochemicals, since they are bioregulators and antagonists of several phytopathogens. This work aimed to evaluate the antagonistic and mycoparasitory action of the Trichodermil 1306 biofungicide against F. oxysporum, and its action in the control of fusarium wilt in tomato seeds and seedlings. The biofungicide was used at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 150% of the dose recommended for application of 20 L with a backpack sprayer. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five replications. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and mean compared by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. The 100% Trichodermil concentration was the most efficient for treating tomato seeds. Although this concentration did not show differences in relation to the lowest dose used (50%) in the tomato seed antagonism, mycoparasitism and F. oxysporum incidence tests were recommended because that the lowest concentration resulted in 18% lower root protrusion than that observed with 100% dosage. The in vitro antagonistic and mycoparasitory action of this biological fungicide indicates its potential in the control of fusarium wilt in tomato crops.

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