Yield responses of bush bean varieties to different planting densities and rates of phosphorous fertilizer

A field experiment was conducted at BCKV during Rabi, 2018-19 and 2019-20 to study the effect of Zn, Fe and B foliar spray on phenology and thermal indices of popular lentil variety, Moitree (WBL 77) under different sowing condition [1st week of November (normal) and 1st week of December (late)]. Delay in sowing of crop from November to December reduced the crop duration by 11.4 days (113.4 days vs 101.7 days). The variation in mean daily temperature and bright sunshine hour among two sowing dates resulted in varied accumulated Growing Degree Days (GDD), Helio Thermal Units (HTU) as well as Photo Thermal Unit (PTU). It was found that different dates of sowing have a larger impact on change in phenology of the crop and thus affect various thermal indices. Foliar spraying of micronutrients viz., B + Fe @ 0.5% produced significantly higher seed and stover yield of 1438 kg ha-1 and 3981 kg ha-1 respectively, which were 86.26% and 27.0% more than that obtained from the control treatment (772 and 3134 kg ha-1). The study conducted revealed that along with optimum date of sowing, spraying micronutrients especially a mixture of [email protected] % and [email protected] % could also bring in change of phenology to some extent. This may help in better accumulation of photosynthate hence, improving the yield responses of lentil.

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Response of wheat, pea, and canola to micronutrient fertilization on five contrasting prairie soils

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-75911-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Noabur Rahman ◽

Jeff Schoenau

Keyword(s):

Foliar Application ◽

Relative Effectiveness ◽

Yield Response ◽

Soil Extraction ◽

Dominant Form ◽

Prairie Soils ◽

Biomass Yields ◽

Mineral Soils ◽

Yield Responses ◽

Cu And Zn

Abstract A polyhouse study was conducted to evaluate the relative effectiveness of different micronutrient fertilizer formulation and application methods on wheat, pea and canola, as indicated by yield response and fate of micronutrients in contrasting mineral soils. The underlying factors controlling micronutrient bioavailability in a soil–plant system were examined using chemical and spectroscopic speciation techniques. Application of Cu significantly improved grain and straw biomass yields of wheat on two of the five soils (Ukalta and Sceptre), of which the Ukalta soil was critically Cu deficient according to soil extraction with DTPA. The deficiency problem was corrected by either soil or foliar application of Cu fertilizers. There were no significant yield responses of pea to Zn fertilization on any of the five soils. For canola, soil placement of boric acid was effective in correcting the deficiency problem in Whitefox soil, while foliar application was not. Soil extractable Cu, Zn, and B concentration in post-harvest soils were increased with soil placement of fertilizers, indicating that following crops in rotation could benefit from this application method. The chemical and XANES spectroscopic speciation indicates that carbonate associated is the dominant form of Cu and Zn in prairie soils, where chemisorption to carbonates is likely the major process that determines the fate of added Cu and Zn fertilizer.

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Physiological and Yield Responses of Green-Shelled Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Grown under Restricted Irrigation

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11030562 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 562

Author(s):

Karen Campos ◽

Andrés R. Schwember ◽

Daniel Machado ◽

Mónica Ozores-Hampton ◽

Pilar M. Gil

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Deficit Irrigation ◽

Pot Experiment ◽

Water Restriction ◽

One Pot ◽

Dry Land ◽

Severe Water Stress ◽

The Face ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Yield Responses

Common bean is an important crop, consumed as green-shelled bean in several countries. In Chile, green-shelled beans are cultivated often as a dry land crop, vulnerable to drought. The objective of this study was to characterize the hydric and productive responses of four green-shelled bean genotypes subjected to deficit irrigation in order to outline production strategies in the face of increasing water scarcity. Two experiments were evaluated: one pot experiment with three irrigation treatments, supplying 100% of the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) (T100), 50% (T50), and 30% (T30); and an open field experiment with two treatments: 100% (I100) and 40% of ETc (I40). Treatments were applied during reproductive stage in determinate cultivars and vegetative stage in indeterminate plants. Severe water restriction (T30 and I40) in both experiments showed a significant decrease in stomatal conductances, as well as biomass and number of grains per pod; I40 treatment also showed a reduction in chlorophyll fluorescence. Water use efficiency (WUE) was higher under water stress in field (I40), but lower on the T30 treatment from the pot experiment. Determinate cultivars showed 22.7% higher of 100-seed weight compared to indeterminate type, and, thus, higher tolerance to drought. Our results indicate that severe water stress is highly harmful in terms of yield, and a moderate controlled deficit irrigation plus the use of determinate genotypes may be a strategy for producing green-shelled bean successfully under a drought scenario.

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Some metabolic responses of bush bean plants to a subherbicidal concentration of certain s-triazine compounds

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b70-321 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 48 (12) ◽

pp. 2213-2217 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

B. Singh ◽

D. K. Salunkhe

Keyword(s):

Nitrate Reductase ◽

Nitrate Reduction ◽

Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Controlled Environment ◽

Transaminase Activity ◽

Starch Phosphorylase ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Bean Plants ◽

Bush Bean

A solution containing 0.5 p.p.m. of atrazine, simazine, igran, or GS-14254 with 0.2% triton-B 1956 was applied to the foliage of 11-day-old seedlings of bush beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivar Tender-green, growing on vermiculite in a controlled environment. The activities of nitrate reductase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, α-amylase, starch phosphorylase, and adenosine triphosphatase were determined 5,10, and 20 days after treatment. In general, the activity of each of the five enzymes was stimulated by the treatment. The results suggest that protein increase following the application of.s-triazines to bean plants may stem in part from an enhanced rate of amino acid formation resulting from the induced increment in nitrate reductase and transaminase activity. The application of these chemicals also creates a metabolic condition favorable for greater use of carbohydrates needed for nitrate reduction and protein synthesis, and as a source of organic acid synthesis.

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DIFFERENTIAL GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSES OF TOMATO PLANTS GROWN IN DIFFERENT SOLUTION CONCENTRATIONS USING NUTRIENT FILM TECHNIQUE AND SAND CULTURE

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.1997.450.56 ◽

1997 ◽

pp. 449-456 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Ismail ◽

R. Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Growth And Yield ◽

Sand Culture ◽

Differential Growth ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Nutrient Film Technique ◽

Yield Responses

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Effect of the number of parents and their combining ability on the performance of synthetic varieties in tall fescue

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar06424 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 58 (11) ◽

pp. 1100 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

E. Piano ◽

P. Annicchiarico ◽

M. Romani ◽

L. Pecetti

Keyword(s):

Inbreeding Depression ◽

Tall Fescue ◽

Combining Ability ◽

Diallel Cross ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Yield Response ◽

Temperature Pattern ◽

Synthetic Varieties ◽

Yield Values ◽

Yield Responses

Finding the optimal parent number for synthetic varieties has a crucial importance in forage breeding. The objective of this work was exploring this number for Mediterranean tall fescue selected for forage yield. The general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability of parents, and their effects on the performance and the inbreeding depression of synthetics, were also assessed. The full-sib families from the diallel cross of 20 genotypes chosen from well performing populations were evaluated for fresh biomass over 13 harvests in Sanluri (Sardinia, Italy). The Syn 1 and Syn 2 of 15 synthetics varying in parent number (4, 8, 12, 16 or 20) and, within same number, in mean GCA of parents were evaluated for dry matter yield over 11 harvests in Lodi (northern Italy) in a greenhouse simulating the temperature pattern of a Mediterranean environment. The yield responses of Syn 2 synthetics with 2 to 20 parents with highest mean GCA were predicted from yield values of S1 and F1 progenies, also evaluated in Lodi. The variance of GCA effects was almost 2-fold larger than that of SCA effects. The observed vigour loss from Syn 1 to Syn 2 of the 4-parent synthetics (−6%) tended to be greater than those of higher parent number groups. The 4-parent synthetics with larger SCA effects tended to greater inbreeding depression. The comparison among synthetics with different parent number and highest GCA of their parents indicated the superiority of the 4-parent synthetic over any other in both generations (P < 0.05). The predicted yield response was maximised by the 3-parent synthetic. The results and other considerations suggest adoption of 4- to 6-parent synthetics.

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The role of plant-parasitic nematodes in reducing yield of sugarcane in fine-textured soils in Queensland, Australia

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea05287 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 620 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

B. L. Blair ◽

G. R. Stirling

Keyword(s):

Growth And Yield ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Population Densities ◽

Lesion Nematode ◽

Yield Responses ◽

The Impact ◽

Stalk Length ◽

Plant Parasitic

Damage to sugarcane caused by root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) is well documented in infertile coarse-textured soils, but crop losses have never been assessed in the fine-textured soils on which more than 95% of Australia’s sugarcane is grown. The impact of nematodes in these more fertile soils was assessed by repeatedly applying nematicides (aldicarb and fenamiphos) to plant and ratoon crops in 16 fields, and measuring their effects on nematode populations, sugarcane growth and yield. In untreated plant crops, mid-season population densities of lesion nematode (Pratylenchus zeae), root-knot nematode (M. javanica), stunt nematode (Tylenchorhynchus annulatus), spiral nematode (Helicotylenchus dihystera) and stubby-root nematode (Paratrichodorus minor) averaged 1065, 214, 535, 217 and 103 nematodes/200 mL soil, respectively. Lower mean nematode population densities were recorded in the first ratoon, particularly for root-knot nematode. Nematicides reduced populations of lesion nematode by 66–99% in both plant and ratoon crops, but control of root-knot nematode was inconsistent, particularly in ratoons. Nematicide treatment had a greater impact on shoot and stalk length than on shoot and stalk number. The entire community of pest nematodes appeared to be contributing to lost productivity, but stalk length and final yield responses correlated most consistently with the number of lesion nematodes controlled. Fine roots in nematicide-treated plots were healthier and more numerous than in untreated plots, and this was indicative of the reduced impact of lesion nematode. Yield responses averaged 15.3% in plant crops and 11.6% in ratoons, indicating that nematodes are subtle but significant pests of sugarcane in fine-textured soils. On the basis of these results, plant-parasitic nematodes are conservatively estimated to cost the Australian sugar industry about AU$82 million/annum.

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