Substrate and genotype effects on kola (Cola nitida [Vent.] Schott and Endlicher.) tree cuttings growth in nursery

Background: The incidence of cognitive decline has been proposed to rise exponentially in coming years. Therapies targeting molecular pathways involved in enhancement of memory and energy regulation could be a major breakthrough in prevention or management of dementia in susceptible populations. Objectives: This study investigated the effects of aqueous extracts of Cola nitida (AECONS) and Garcinia kola (AEGAK) on glutamate level and Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of male Wistar rats. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats (170-200) were randomly allotted into groups (n=5/group); control (distilled water p.o.), AECONS1 (200 mg/kg), AECONS2 (400 mg/kg), AEGAK1 (200 mg/kg), AEGAK2 (400 mg/kg), AECONS1+AEGAK1 and AECONS2+AEGAK2. The extract was prepared and the administration was done daily for 6 weeks. Results and Discussion: Administration of AECONS or AEGAK increased plasma, hippocampal and hypothalamic glutamate, Na+/K+-ATPase activity, NO, SOD except hippocampal glutamate in AECONS1/AEGAK1, Na+/K+-ATPase activity and SOD in AEGAK1, hypothalamic glutamate and SOD in AECONS1 when compared with control. Besides, MDA level decreased in AEGAK2 and hippocampal but not hypothalamic MDA decreased in AEGAK1 compared with control. However, concomitant administration of AECONS and AEGAK enhanced plasma, hippocampal and hypothalamic biomarkers except hypothalamic MDA level. The present study demonstrates that AECONS and AEGAK synergistically enhances hippocampal and hypothalamic glutamate and Na+/K+-ATPase activity, which are accompanied by NO and SOD-dependent antioxidant enrichment. Conclusion: These findings therefore suggest that AECONS+AEGAK could be a better therapeutic candidate in hippocampal-hypothalamic-related neurodegenerative diseases.

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Genotype effects contribute to variation in longitudinal methylome patterns in older people

Genome Medicine ◽

10.1186/s13073-018-0585-7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Qian Zhang ◽

Riccardo E Marioni ◽

Matthew R Robinson ◽

Jon Higham ◽

Duncan Sproul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older People ◽

Genotype Effects

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Significance of Wood Anatomical Features to the Taxonomy of Five Cola Species

Sustainable Agriculture Research ◽

10.5539/sar.v1n2p21 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 21 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Akinloye A. J. ◽

Illoh H. C. ◽

Olagoke O. A.

Keyword(s):

Wood Anatomy ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Font Size ◽

Anatomical Features ◽

Xylem Fibre ◽

Cola Nitida ◽

Cola Acuminata

Wood anatomy of five Cola species was investigated to identify and describe anatomical features in search of distinctive characters that could possibly be used in the resolution of their taxonomy. Transverse, tangential and radial longitudinal sections and macerated samples were prepared into microscopic slides. Characteristic similarity and disparity in the tissues arrangement as well as cell inclusions were noted for description and delimitation. All the five Cola species studied had essentially the same anatomical features, but the difficulty posed by the identification of Cola acuminata and Cola nitida when not in fruit could be resolved using anatomical features. Cola acuminata have extensive fibre and numerous crystals relative to Cola nitida, while Cola hispida and Cola millenii are the only species having monohydric crystals. Cola gigantica is the only species that have few xylem fibres while other species have extensive xylem fibre. These features have proved very functional and strongly of diagnostic value in the classification and delimitation of the studied Cola species.

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Antibacterial Activity of Garcinia kola and Cola nitida Seed Extracts

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences ◽

10.4314/bajopas.v4i1.11 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

II Indabawa ◽

AH Arzai

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Garcinia Kola ◽

Cola Nitida ◽

Seed Extracts

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In vitro anticholinesterase, antimonoamine oxidase and antioxidant properties of alkaloid extracts from kola nuts (Cola acuminata and Cola nitida)

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1515/jcim-2016-0155 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ganiyu Oboh ◽

Ayokunle O. Ademosun ◽

Opeyemi B. Ogunsuyi ◽

Esther T. Oyedola ◽

Tosin A. Olasehinde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽

Rat Brain ◽

Brain Homogenate ◽

Oh Radicals ◽

Mao Inhibitors ◽

Alkaloid Extracts ◽

Cola Nitida ◽

Cola Acuminata

Abstract Background The development of cholinesterase (ChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors for management of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has come with their undesirable side effects. Hence, research for potent but natural ChE and MAO inhibitors with little or no side effects is essential. This study investigated the potentials of alkaloid extracts from two Cola species as nutraceuticals for prevention and management of AD. Methods Alkaloid extracts were obtained from two Cola species (Cola nitida [KN] and Cola acuminata [KA]) by solvent extraction method. The extracts were characterized for their alkaloid contents using gas chromatography (GC). The effects of the extracts on ChE and MAO activities were investigated in vitro. Also, the extracts’ ability to inhibit Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate, scavenge DPPH and OH radicals, as well as chelate Fe2+ were determined. Results GC characterization revealed the presence of augustamine and undulatine as the predominant alkaloids in the extracts. There was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in the inhibitory effects of the extracts on ChE activities. However, KA extract exhibited significantly higher (P < 0.05) MAO inhibitory effect than KN. Also, KA extract inhibited Fe2+- induced malondialdehyde (MDA) production in rat brain homogenate more significantly than KN, while there was no significant difference in DPPH and OH radicals scavenging, as well as Fe2+-chelating abilities of the extracts. Conclusions Our findings revealed that KN and KA alkaloid extracts exhibited significant effect in vitro on biological pathways that may contribute to neuroprotection for the management of neurodegenerative diseases.

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ApoE genotype effects—A challenge for many

Neurobiology of Aging ◽

10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.08.015 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 704-706

Author(s):

B. Schönheit ◽

F. Glöckner ◽

T.G. Ohm

Keyword(s):

Apoe Genotype ◽

Genotype Effects

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Kola nut from Cola nitida vent. Schott administered to pregnant rats induces histological alterations in pups’ cerebellum

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0247573 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. e0247573

Author(s):

Foluso A. Atiba ◽

Amos A. Fatokun ◽

Innocent O. Imosemi ◽

Adefolarin O. Malomo

Keyword(s):

Human Brain ◽

Granular Layer ◽

Molecular Layer ◽

B Cell Lymphoma ◽

First Trimester ◽

Cresyl Violet ◽

Pregnant Rats ◽

Over Expression ◽

Initial Reduction ◽

Cola Nitida

Kola nut (from Cola nitida) is popular in Nigeria and West Africa and is commonly consumed by pregnant women during the first trimester to alleviate morning sickness and dizziness. There is, however, a dearth of information on its effects on the developing brain. This study, therefore, investigated the potential effects of kola nut on the structure of the developing neonatal and juvenile cerebellum in the rat. Pregnant Wistar rats were administered water (as control) or crude (aqueous) kola nut extract at 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg body weight orally, from pregnancy to day 21 after birth. On postnatal days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28, the pups were weighed, anaesthetised, sacrificed and perfused with neutral buffered formalin. Their brains were dissected out, weighed and the cerebellum preserved in 10% buffered formalin. Paraffin sections of the cerebellum were stained with haematoxylin and eosin for cerebellar cytoarchitecture, cresyl violet stain for Purkinje cell count, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry (IHC) for estimation of gliosis, and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) IHC for apoptosis induction. The kola nut-treated rats exhibited initial reduction in body and brain weights, persistent external granular layer, increased molecular layer thickness, and loss of Bergmann glia. Their Purkinje cells showed reduction in density, loss of dendrites and multiple layering, and their white matter showed neurodegeneration (spongiosis) and GFAP and Bcl-2 over-expression, with evidence of reactive astrogliosis. This study, therefore, demonstrates that kola nut, administered repeatedly at certain doses to pregnant dams, could disrupt normal postnatal cerebellar development in their pups. The findings suggest potential deleterious effects of excessive kola nut consumption on human brain and thus warrant further studies to understand the wider implications for human brain development.

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