scholarly journals Drug use pattern in out-patient children: A comparison between primary and secondary health care facilities in Northern Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Z Chedi Basheer ◽  
Abdu Aguye Ibrahim ◽  
O Kwanashie Helen
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Secondary Health Care ◽  
Use Pattern ◽  
Drug Use Pattern

scholarly journals Drug use pattern in Primary Health Care facilities of Kaski District, Western Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Dahal ◽  
B Bhattarai ◽  
D Adhikari ◽  
R Shrestha ◽  
SR Baral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Utilization ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Use Pattern ◽  
Drug Use Pattern

Background: Drug utilization research has been defined by the WHO as .the marketing, distribution, prescription and use of drugs in a society, with special emphasis on the resulting medical, social and economic consequences. Several studies of drug utilization conducted in many developed countries shows wide evidence of irrational drug use. Objectives: To assess the drug use pattern in Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities of Kaski district, Western Nepal. Methods :A prospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 11 PHC facilities of Kaski district using WHO core drug use indicators. Results: A total of 301 prescriptions was analyzed. The average age of patients visiting PHC was 33.11 years (female 35.79; male 30.40). The average number of drugs prescribed was 2.29. Percentage of encounters with at least one antibiotic prescribed was 57% whereas encounters with at least one injection prescribed was low 3%. The total percentage of drugs prescribed using generic names was found to be 59.02% and percentage of drugs prescribed from EDL was 85.19% respectively. The average consultation and dispensing time of 109 patients was 2.02 minutes and 42.52 seconds. Only 30% of patients had adequate knowledge of drug whereas none of the drugs were adequately labeled. Percentage of drugs actually dispensed was 89.63%. All health facilities had availability of Essential Drug List (EDL). The total percentage of availability of key drugs in study PHCs was 89.69%. Conclusion: The study shows trend toward irrational practice mainly on antibiotics use and non- generic prescribing in most facilities studied. Patient care provided by health facilities studied was insufficient and thus effective intervention program for promotion of rational drug use practice is recommended in PHC facilities. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/stcj.v1i1.8652 Sunsari Technical College Journal Vol.1(1) 2012 1-8

scholarly journals Baseline Study for Improving Diagnostic Stewardship at Secondary Health Care Facilities in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiodun Egwuenu ◽  
Adaora Ejikeme ◽  
Sara Tomczyk ◽  
Anja Von-Laer ◽  
Olaniyi Ayobami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Suspected Sepsis ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Secondary Health Care

Abstract BackgroundBlood culture diagnostics are a critical tool for sepsis management and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance. A baseline study was conducted to assess existing sepsis case finding, blood culture diagnostics and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) at secondary health care facilities to inform the development of diagnostic stewardship improvement strategies in Nigeria.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 25 public secondary health care facilities in Abuja, FCT and Lagos State in Nigeria to evaluate the capacity for pathogen identification and AST. Following this, data were prospectively extracted on all patients with suspected sepsis from electronic medical records at two facilities in Abuja from October 2020 to May 2021 to further assess practices concerning sepsis case-finding, clinical examination findings, samples requested, and laboratory test results. Data were descriptively analysed, and a multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine factors associated with blood culture requests among suspected sepsis patients.ResultsIn the online survey, 32% (8/25) of facilities reported performing routine blood cultures. Only one had access to a clinical microbiologist, and 28% (7/25) and 4% (1/25) used standard bacterial organisms for quality control of media and quality control strains for AST, respectively. At the two facilities where data abstraction was performed, 7.1% (2924/41066) of patients were found to have suspected sepsis. A majority of the suspected sepsis patients came from the paediatrics department and were outpatients, and the median age was two years. Most did not have vital signs and major foci of infection documented. Blood cultures were only requested for 2.7% (80/2924) of patients, of which twelve were positive for bacteria, mainly Staphylococcus aureus. No clinical breakpoints were used for AST. Inpatients (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]:7.5, 95% CI:4.6 – 12.3) and patients from the urban health care facility (aOR:16.9, 95% CI:8.1 – 41.4) were significantly more likely to have a blood culture requested.ConclusionLow blood culture utilisation remains a key challenge in Nigeria. This has implications for patient care. AMR surveillance and antibiotics use. Diagnostic stewardship strategies should focus on improving access to clinical microbiology expertise, practical guidance on sepsis case finding and improving blood culture utilisation and diagnostics.

scholarly journals Knowledge and practice of preparedness for infectious disease prevention and control among healthcare workers in secondary health care facilities in Osogbo, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
WO Adebimpe ◽  
K Adabanija ◽  
DO Ibirongbe
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Secondary Health Care ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
And Control

Background: Health care workers have critical roles to play in breaking the chain of infections in health care settings. The outbreak of Lassa Fever and Ebola Virus Disease in the West African sub-region in recent times is a rationale for a dire need for a strong epidemic preparedness system. The objective of the study is to assess the knowledge and practice of preparedness for infectious disease prevention and control among healthcare workers in secondary health care facilities in Osogbo, Nigeria.Methods: It was a Descriptive cross sectional study and 340 healthcare workers were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Research instrument used were semi structured pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed using the SPSS software version 17 .0.Results: The mean age of the respondents was 42 + 8.9 years. Out of the 340 healthcare workers studied 88.7% had good knowledge, while 72% and 67% had favorable attitude and good practice towards preparedness for infectious disease prevention and control respectively. Three hundred and eight (90.6%) said they washed their hands regularly before and after procedures. Only 37.4% said they still recap used needles and 31.8% said they have Infectious Disease Prevention and Control committee in their health facility. One hundred and ninety eight (58.2%) said they normally practice quarantine for eligible suspected cases and 77.4% perceived themselves to be at occupational risk of contracting infectious diseases. Having more than ten years of working experience was the major predictor of likelihood to have good knowledge, attitude and practice of preparedness on binary logistic regression analysis.Conclusion: The gap between knowledge and practice of preparedness for Infectious Disease and prevention Control calls for improved awareness and training among health workers, and their consistent monitoring towards behavioural change.

scholarly journals bla TEM, bla SHV and bla CTX-M-15 Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase Produced by Acinetobacter baumanii, Enterobacter clocae and Proteus mirabilis from Pregnant Women in Three Secondary Health Care Facilities in South-south, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Florence Z. Uyanga ◽  
Emmanuel O. Ekundayo ◽  
Emmanuel O. Nwankwo
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Secondary Health Care

Background/Purpose: Based on fact there is high urinary tract infection and increasing treatment failure among pregnant women and this has led to increased mortality and morbidity among pregnant women, and increased stay in the hospital. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and distribution of blaTEM, blaCTX-M-15 and blaSHV genes among A. baumannii, P. mirabilis and E. clocae strains isolated from urine samples from pregnant women attending antenatal at three secondary health care facilities south-south Nigeria. Methods: A. baumannii, P. mirabilis and E. clocae strains were isolated and identified using Microbact 24E. The disc diffusion and combined discs methods were used for testing antimicrobial susceptibility. The presence of ESBL was detected using Double Disk Synergy Test (DDST) and CHROMagar respectively. Plasmid extraction was carried out following the protocol of ZR Plasmid Miniprep-Classic extraction kit. Finally, the frequency of resistant genes including blaTEM, blaCTX-M-15 and blaSHV in selected 50 ESBL producing isolates was studied by PCR and using designed primers. Results: A total of 252 clinical isolates was collected from three secondary health care facilities in south-south, Nigeria. ESBLs were found in 231 (92%) isolates. blaCTX-M-15 was the commonest genotype (58.3%), followed by blaSHV (43.3%) and blaTEM (43.3%). Conclusion: ESBL positive strains of Enterobacter clocae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Proteus mirabilis are increasingly found in isolates from pregnant women. The widespread use of antibiotics has caused shifts in bacterial development to overcome the existing mechanisms of combating bacterial infections. These strains become resistant to frequently used antibiotics and they can pass the gene to other bacterial strains, the quick detection of these strains in clinical laboratories an essential step. The frequency of genes encoded ESBL isolates of Enterobacter clocae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Proteus mirabilis may be due to abuse and misuse of antibiotics.

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