scholarly journals Chemotherapeutic efficacy of secnidazole-diminazene aceturate combination therapy in experimental Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (30) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Eke Ifeanyi ◽  
O. Ezeh Ikenna ◽  
A. Ezeudu Terry ◽  
U. Ezeh Ukamaka ◽  
O. Anaga Aruh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei ◽  
Diminazene Aceturate ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Efficacy

Azithromycin and Diminazene Aceturate Combination Therapy in Experimental Multidrug-resistant Trypanosoma brucei brucei Infection in Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 109138
Author(s):  
Chukwunonso Francis Obi ◽  
Ikenna Onyema Ezeh ◽  
Michael Ikenna Okpala ◽  
Idika Kalu Idika ◽  
Nnamdi Mbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei ◽  
Diminazene Aceturate

scholarly journals Effect of diminazene aceturate, levamisole and vitamin C combination therapy in rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 438-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adieme Ijeoma Chekwube ◽  
Ezeh Ikenna Onyema ◽  
Ugochukwu Emmanuel Ikenna ◽  
Romanus Chukwuduruo Ezeokonkwo
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei ◽  
Diminazene Aceturate

scholarly journals Efficacy of secnidazole-diminazene aceturate combination therapy in the late treatment of Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeanyi Gabriel Eke ◽  
Ikenna Onyema Ezeh ◽  
Terry Adaeze Ezeudu ◽  
Ukamaka Uchenna Eze ◽  
Aruh Ottah Anaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei ◽  
Diminazene Aceturate ◽  
Late Treatment

scholarly journals Effects of secnidazole-diminazene aceturate combination therapy on parasitaemia and serum biochemical profile after late treatment in Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 543-552
Author(s):  
IG Eke ◽  
UU Eze ◽  
IO Ezeh ◽  
TA Nzeakor ◽  
AO Anaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Biochemical Profile ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei ◽  
Diminazene Aceturate ◽  
Late Treatment ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Serum Biochemical Profile

Relapse parasitaemia is a major setback in the chemotherapy of a late stage Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection. An aberrant serum biochemical profile resulting from a T. b. brucei infection in dogs has been attributed to multiple organ injuries resulting from the invasive nature of the organism. Therapy with diminazene aceturate alone has not been satisfactory. This study evaluated the effects of a secnidazole-diminazine aceturate (SEC-DA) combination therapy on parasitaemia and the serum biochemical profile after the late treatment of a T. b. brucei infection in dogs. Eighteen dogs were randomly assigned to 6 groups (n = 3) as follows: Group A: uninfected nor treated; group B: infected without treatment; group C: infected and treated with DA (3.5 mg/kg) (DA-monotherapy) intramuscularly (i.m.) once; group D: infected and treated with SEC (100 mg/kg) and DA (3.5 mg/kg); group E: in-fected and treated with SEC (200 mg/kg) and DA (3.5 mg/kg) and group F: infected and treated with SEC (400 mg/kg) and DA (3.5 mg/kg). Secnidazole was administered orally for 5 days while DA was given i.m. once in groups D–F. The dogs were infected with 5 × 10<sup>5</sup> trypanosomes intraperitoneally and treatment started 14 days post-infection. The parasitaemia was monitored daily while the serum biochemical indicators were monitored 14, 21, and 28 days post-infection. The total aparasitaemia was achieved in the SEC-DA treated dogs 72 h post-treatment and in 86 h in the DA-monotherapy dogs. A relapse parasitaemia occurred in the DA-monotherapy dogs 17 days post-treatment. The SEC-DA combination therapy caused a significant (P &lt; 0.05) decline in the hitherto elevated urea and creatinine concentrations, and the ALP, ALT, AST activities. Also, there was a significant (P &lt; 0.05) increase in the previously decreased serum albumin in the SEC-DA treated dogs. In conclusion, secnidazole-diminazene aceturate combination therapy prevented the relapse parasitaemia and ameliorated aberrant serum biochemical profiles of T. b. brucei infected dogs after late treatment.

Combination therapy of vitamin C and phenolics-rich fraction of Khaya senegalensis stem bark extract against Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection

Synergy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim ◽  
Aliyu Muhammad Musa ◽  
Hassanat Taye Tairu ◽  
Maryam Kassim ◽  
Abubakar Babando Aliyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei ◽  
Khaya Senegalensis ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

scholarly journals The Trypanocide Diminazene Aceturate Is Accumulated Predominantly through the TbAT1 Purine Transporter: Additional Insights on Diamidine Resistance in African Trypanosomes

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1515-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry P. de Koning ◽  
Laura F. Anderson ◽  
Mhairi Stewart ◽  
Richard J. S. Burchmore ◽  
Lynsey J. M. Wallace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei ◽  
Diminazene Aceturate ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
African Trypanosomes ◽  
Detectable Rate ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Null Mutants

ABSTRACT Resistance to diminazene aceturate (Berenil) is a severe problem in the control of African trypanosomiasis in domestic animals. It has been speculated that resistance may be the result of reduced diminazene uptake by the parasite. We describe here the mechanisms by which [3H]diminazene is transported by Trypanosoma brucei brucei bloodstream forms. Diminazene was rapidly accumulated through a single transporter, with a Km of 0.45 ± 0.11 μM, which was dose dependently inhibited by pentamidine and adenosine. The Ki values for these inhibitors were consistent with this transporter being the P2/TbAT1 adenosine transporter. Yeast expressing TbAT1 acquired the ability to take up [3H]diminazene and [3H]pentamidine. TbAT1-null mutants had lost almost all capacity for [3H]diminazene transport. However, this cell line still displayed a small but detectable rate of [3H]diminazene accumulation, in a nonsaturable manner. We conclude that TbAT1 mediates [3H]diminazene transport almost exclusively and that this explains the observed diminazene resistance phenotypes of TbAT1-null mutants and field isolates.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Isometamidiumin Combination with Verapamil, Chlorpromazine ‎or Sodium-ethylenediaminetetra-acetic Acid in Treatment of Experimental ‎Diminazene Aceturate-resistant Strain of Trypanosoma brucei brucei ‎Infection in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
I. C. Chukwudi ◽  
O. C. Omemgboji ◽  
B. M. Anene
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Parasite Clearance ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei ◽  
Diminazene Aceturate

This study investigated the efficacy of different chemotherapeutic regimes in the treatment of rats experimentally infected with diminazene aceturate-resistant strain Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Thirty Sprague Dawley male rats used for the study were randomly assigned to six groups of five rats eachas follows: group A-uninfected untreated (negative control), group B-infected and untreated (positive control), groups C-F were infected and treated with 1.0 mg/kg isometamidum chloride, administered intramuscularly on day 11 post-infection. However, rats in groups D, E and F received further treatments with 700 mg/kg sodium-ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, 0.4 mg/kg verapamil and 3 mg/kg chlorpromazine, respectively, administered orally for four days. Clearance of parasite post-treatment (PT), mortality PT, relapse parasitaemia post-clearance, body weight change, rectal temperature, packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (HB) concentration and red blood cell count (RBC) were determined during the experiment. Result showed parasite clearance PT of 100% in groups D and E, 80% in group F and 20% in group C by 24 hours PT. The infection relapsed on day 35 PT in 40% of rats in group C, on day 37 PT in 20% of rats in group F and lastly 20% of rats in groups D and E on day 39 PT. Rats that received drug combination showed marginal improvement in erythrocytic parameters analysed when compared with those treatment with isometamidium alone. Combination therapy showed faster clearance of parasite from the blood and also prolonged relapse post-clearance, thus had a better promising efficacy when compared to using isometamiduim chloride alone.

scholarly journals Anti-Trypanosomal Activity of Guiera senegalensis on Trypanosoma brucei Infected Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-s) ◽  
pp. 273-279
Author(s):  
Zongo André ◽  
Vitouley Sèna Hervé ◽  
Bengaly Zakaria ◽  
Kaboré Adama ◽  
Traoré Aristide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei ◽  
Diminazene Aceturate ◽  
Mean Survival Time ◽  
Guiera Senegalensis

Aqueous decoction of Guiera senegalensis leaves was studied orally and intraperitoneally for its antitrypanosomal activity on mice infected experimentally with Trypanosoma brucei brucei. After a phytochemical screening followed by an acute toxicity study on mice, the extract of plant was administered once daily for 2 days at doses of 60, 120 and 240 mg / kg orally and 15, 30 and 60 mg / kg intraperitoneally after infection. Then, parameters of parasitaemia, packed cell volume (PCV), mean survival time and body weight of the mice treated with the extract were measured and compared with positive (diminazene aceturate) and negative (distilled water) controls for 7 days in a row. Results indicate that the aqueous extract of G. senegalensis leaves contains tannins, flavonoids, saponosides, reducing compounds and anthocyanosides, alkaloids and coumarins. LD50 of the extract are 1264.49 mg / kg by oral route and 316.22 mg / kg by intraperitoneal route. The doses of 240 mg / kg by oral route and 15 and 60 mg / kg by intraperitoneal route of aqueous extract showed a mean survival time (5 days) comparable to the positive control. Parasitaemia level increased in all mice tested except in mice treated with diminazene aceturate during the post-infestation period. During this period, PCV and body weight of all mice decreased by both routes of administration. These results of the study show the pharmacological utility of G. senegalensis leaves in the control of TAA by herders / pastoralists and suggest continuing further bio-guided studies to isolate the active components of the plant in order to improve their efficiency. Keywords: In vivo test; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Guiera senegalensis leaves; phytochemical screening; acute toxicity.

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